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329 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Peristalsis
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the involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in the wall of the esophagus propelling the bolus toward stomach
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fundus
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upper portion of the stomach
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body
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middle section of the stomach
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antrum
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lower portion of the stomach
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hyperbilirubinemia
(jaundice) |
yellow discoloration of the skin, whites of eyes and mucous membranes
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absorption
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passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the blood stream
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anus
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opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
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bile
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digestive juices made in the liver & stored in the gallbladder (composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts)
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bowel
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intestine
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canine teeth
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pointed, dog-like teeth, next to the incisors, also called cuspids or eye teeth
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cecum
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first part of lg. intestine
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colon
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lg. intestine
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defecation
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expulsion or passage of feces from the body through anus
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deglutition
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swallowing
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digestion
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breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
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duodenum
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1st part of the small intestine, measures 12"
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elimination
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removal of waste material from the body
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esophagus
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tube connecting the throat to the stomach
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feces
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solid wastes; stools
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gallbladder
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small sac under the liver, stores bile
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ileum
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third part of the small intestine
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incisor
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one of the four front teeth in the dental arch
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jejunum
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second part of the sm. intestine
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lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
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ring of muscles between the esophagus & stomach (cardiac sphincter
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mastication
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chewing
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molar teeth
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sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch
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palate
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roof of the mouth (the hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate)
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pancreas
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organ under the stomach; produces insulin
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papillae
(singular: papilla) |
small elevations on the tongue (a papilla is a nipple-like elevation)
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pharynx
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throat, the common passage way for food from the mouth & air from the nose
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscle fibers a the distal region of the stomach where it joins the duodenum
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rectum
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last section of the colon
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sigmoid colon
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lower part of the colon; shaped like an S
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sphincter
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ring of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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stomach
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muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus
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uvula
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soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth
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an/o
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anus
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append/o, appendic/o
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appendix
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cec/o
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cecum
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celi/o
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belly, abdomen
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colon/o
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colon
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dent/i
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tooth
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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lapar/o
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abdomen
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mandibul/o
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lower jaw, mandible
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or/o
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mouth
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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peritone/o
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peritoneum
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sialaden/o
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salivary gland
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sigmoid/o
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sigmoid colon
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amyl/o
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starch
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bil/i
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gall, bile
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bilirubin/o
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bilirubin
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chlorhydr/o
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hydrochloric acid
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gluc/o, glyc/o
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sugar
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glycogen/o
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glycogen, animal starch
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lip/o, steat/o
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fat, lipid
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lith/o
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stone
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papillae
(singular: papilla) |
small elevations on the tongue (a papilla is a nipple-like elevation)
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pharynx
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throat, the common passage way for food from the mouth & air from the nose
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscle fibers a the distal region of the stomach where it joins the duodenum
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rectum
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last section of the colon
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sigmoid colon
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lower part of the colon; shaped like an S
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sphincter
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ring of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
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stomach
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muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus
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uvula
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soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth
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an/o
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anus
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append/o, appendic/o
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appendix
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cec/o
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cecum
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celi/o
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belly, abdomen
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colon/o
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colon
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dent/i
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tooth
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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-ase
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enzyme
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-chezia
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defecation, elimination of wastes
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-iasis
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abnormal condition
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-prandial
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meal
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anorexia
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lack of appetite
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ascites
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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borborygmus
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rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
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constipation
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difficulty in passing stools
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diarrhea
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frequent passage of loose, watery stools
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dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing
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eructation
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gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
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flatus (flatulence)
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gas expelled through the anus
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hematochezia
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passage of bright, fresh, red, blood from the rectum
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jaundice (icterus)
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yellow-orange coloration of the skin and ohter tissues caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
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melena
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black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
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nausea
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unpleasant sensation in the stomach and a tendency to vomit
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steatorrhea
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fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling, fecal matter
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aphthous stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers (canker sores)
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dental caries
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tooth decay
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herpetic stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpesvirus (fever blisers; cold sores)
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oral leukoplakia
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white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
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periodontal disease
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inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone (pyorrhea)
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achalasia
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failure of the lower esophagus sphincter to relax
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esophageal varices
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swollen, varicose veins in the distal portion of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach
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gastric carcinoma
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malignant tumor of the stomach
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach (heartburn)
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hernia
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protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
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hiatal hernia
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upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm
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inguinal hernia
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occurs when a small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal muscle
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peptic ulcer
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open sore of lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum
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anal fistula
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abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
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colonic polyposis
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polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous memebrane of the colon
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colorectal cancer
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adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
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Crohn disease
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chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon)
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diverticulosis
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abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall
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dysentery
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painful, inflamed intestines
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hemorrhoids
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swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
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ileus
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failure of peritalsis with obstruction of the intestines
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intussusception
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telescoping of the intestines
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irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
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group of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms associated with stress and tension
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ulcerative colitis
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chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
(inflammatory bowel disease) |
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volvulus
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twisting of the intestine upon itself
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cholelithiasis
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gallstones in the gallbladder
(calculi) |
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cirrhosis
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chronic degenerative disease of the liver
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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viral hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
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lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema)
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x-ray images of the colon and rectum after injecting barium into the rectum
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upper gastrointestinal series
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x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after administering barium by mouth (barium swallow)
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cholangiography
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x-ray examination of the biliary system after injecting contrast into the bile ducts
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percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
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the contrast medium enters via needle through the abdominal wall into the liver
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
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contrast medium is injected via catheter (tube) through
the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and then into bile ducts |
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computed tomography; CT; CT scan; or CAT scan (A=axial)
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x-ray series showing cross-sectional images of internal organs allows visualization
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abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound; sonography; sonogram)
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sound waves beamed into the abdomen, produce an image of abdominal viscera
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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magnetic and radio waves produce images or organs and tissues in all three planes of the body
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liver scan
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image of the liver after injecting radioactive material into the blood stream
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BE
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barium enema
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BRBPR
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bright red blood per rectum; hematochezia
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BM
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bowel movement
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CT scan
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computed tomography
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EGD
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esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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ERCP
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endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
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GB
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gallbladder
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GERD
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
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GI
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gastrointestinal
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IBD
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inflammatory bowel disease
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imaging
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NG tube
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nasogastric tube
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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PUD
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peptic ulcer disease
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TPN
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total parenteral nutrition
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albino
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person with skin deficient in pigment
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basal layer
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the deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells
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dermis
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middle layer of skin; also called corium
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epidermis
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outermost layer of the skin
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epithelium
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layer of cells forming the outer & inner surfaces of the body
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hair follicle
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sac w/in which each hair grows
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integumentary system
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the skin & its accessory structures such as hair & nails
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lipocyte
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a fat cell
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lunula
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the half-moon-shaped, white area at the base of a nail
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melanin
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major pigment that gives the skin color; formed by melanocytes in the epidermis
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sebaceous gland
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Oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated w/ hair follicles
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sebum
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oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands
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subcutaneous tissue
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the innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue
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keratin
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hard protein found in hair
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caus/o
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burn, burning
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cauter/o
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heat, burn
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cutane/o
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skin
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derm/o, dermat/o
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skin
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diaphor/o
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profuse sweating
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erythem/o, erythemat/o
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redness
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hidr/o
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sweat
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ichthy/o
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scaly, dry (fish-like)
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kerat/o
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hard, horny tissue
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myc/o
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fungus (fungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms)
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onych/o, ungu/o
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nail
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phyt/o
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plant
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pil/o
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hair
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rhytid/o
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wrinkle
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seb/o
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sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands)
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squam/o
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scale-like
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xer/o
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dry
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-derma
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skin
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crust
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collection of dried serum and cellular debris
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cyst
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thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material
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erosion
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wearing away of loss of epidermis
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fissure
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groove or crack-like sore
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macule
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discolored (often reddened) flat lesion
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nodule
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solid, elevated lesion more than 1cm in diameter
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papule
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small (less than 1cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin
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polyp
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mushroom-like growth extending on a stalk from the surface of mucous membrane
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pustule
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small elevation of the skin containing pus
(abscess-collection of pus) |
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ulcer
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open sore on the skin or mucous membrane
(decubitus ulcers- bed sores) |
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vesicle
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small collection of clear fluid (serum); blister
(bullae=large blisters) |
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wheal
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smooth, slightly elevated edematous (swollen) area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin
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alopecia
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absence of hair from areas where it normally grows
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alopecia areata
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condition in which hair falls out in patches
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ecchymosis (plural: ecchymoses)
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bluish-black mark (macule) on the skin; black-and-blue mark
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petechia (plural: petechiae)
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a small, pinpoint hemorrhage
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pruritus
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itching
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purpura
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merging ecchymoses and petechiae over any part of the body
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urticaria (hives)
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acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin
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acne
(abnormal cond) |
papular and pustular eruption of the skin
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burns
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injury to tissues caused by heat contact
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cellulitis
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diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
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eczema
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inflammatory skin disease w/ erythematous, papulvesicular lesions
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exanthematous viral diseases
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rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection
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gangrene
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death of tissue associated w/ loss of blood supply
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impetigo
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bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions
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psoriasis
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chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red palques covered by silvery gray scales
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scabies
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a contagious, parasitic infection of the skin w/ intense pruritus
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scleroderma
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a chronic progressive disease of the skin w/ hardening & shrinking of connective tissue
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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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chronic inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, of joints, & of internal organs
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tinea
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infection of the skin caused by a fungus
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tinea corporis
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ringworm
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tinea pedis
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athlete's foot
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tinea capitis
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on the scalp
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tinea barbae
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affecting the skin under a beard
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tinea unguium
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affecting the nails
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vitiligo
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loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)
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callus
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increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction
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keloid
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hypertrophied, thickened scar that occurs after trauma or surgical incision
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keratosis
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thickened area of the epidermis
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leukoplakia
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white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek
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nevus (plural: nevi)
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pigmented lesion of the skin
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verruca
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epidermal growth caused by a virus (wart)
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basal cell carcinoma
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malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
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Kaposi sarcoma
|
malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules; frequently on the lower extremities
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malignant melanoma
|
cancerous growth composed of melanocytes
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squamous cell carcinoma
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malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis
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bacterial analyses
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sample of skin are sent to a laboratory to detect presence of microorganisms
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purulent
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pus-filled
(bacterial analyses) |
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exudate
|
fluid that accumulates
(bacterial analyses) |
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cryosurgery
|
use of subfreezing temperature via liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue
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curettage
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use of sharp dermal curet (curette) to scrape away a skin lesion
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electrodesiccation
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tissue is destroyed by burning w/ an electric spark
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Moh's surgery
|
thin layers of a malignant growth are removed, & each is examined under a microscope (microscopically controlled surgery
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skin biopsy
|
suspected malignant skin lesions are removed & sent to the pathology laboratory for microscopic examination
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skin test
|
the rct of the body to a subastance by observing the results of injecting the substance intradermally or applying it topically to the skin
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patch test
(skin test) |
allergen-treated piect of gauze or filter paper is applied to the skin; if skin gets red & swollen the result is positive
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scratch test
(skin test) |
seveal scratches are made in the skin & a very minute amt of test material is inserted into the scratches
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ABCD
|
asymmetry, border, color, diameter (char. assoc. w/ skin cancer)
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bx
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biopsy
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Derm.
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dermatology
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SLE
|
systemic lupus erythematosus
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subcut
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subcutaneous
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psychiatrists
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specialist in the treatment of the mind
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child psychiatrists
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specialize in the treatment of children
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forensic psychiatrists
|
specialize in the legal aspects of psychiatry
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psychologist
|
nonmedical person who is trained in methods of psychotherapy
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intelligence (I.Q.) test
|
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS); Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
|
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projective (personality) tests
|
Rorschach technique (ink blots)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (pics for making up stories) |
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amnesia
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loss of memory
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anxiety
|
varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, bresthlessness, and choking sensations
|
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apathy
|
abscence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement
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compulsion
|
uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly
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conversion
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physical symptom w/ no organic basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and conflict
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delusion
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a fixed false belief that can't be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
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dissociation
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uncomfortable feelings r seperated from their real object; the feelings are redirected toward a second object or behavior pattern
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dysphoria
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sadness, hopelessness, depressive mood
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euphoria
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exaggerated feeling of well-being ("high")
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hallucination
|
false or unreal sensory percerpiton (hearing voices when there are none)
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labile
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unstable undergoing rapid emotional change
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mania
|
state of excessive excitability, hyperactivity and agitation
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mutism
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nonreactive state; stupor
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obsession
|
an involuntary, persistent idea or emotion
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paranoia
|
delusions or persecution or grandeur or combinations of the two
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id
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represents the unconscious
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ego
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central coordinating branch of the personality
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superego
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internalized conscience & moral part of the personality
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psychosis
|
impairment of mental capacity to recognize reality, cmcn & relate to others
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anxiety disorder
|
char. by anxiety
panic attack (disorder) phobic disorders |
|
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delirium & dementia
|
disorders of abnormal cognition
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cognition
|
mental processes of thinking, perception, reasoning, judgement
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delirium tremens
|
brought on by w/drawl after prolonged periods of heavy alcohol ingestion
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delirium
|
confusion in thinking; faulty perceptions and irrational behavior
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dementia
|
loss of intellectual abilities w/ impairment of memory, judgement, and resoning as well as changes in personality
|
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dissociative disorders
|
chronic or sudden disturbances of memory, identity, or consciousness,
(diss. identity disorder, diss.amnesia) |
|
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eating disorders
|
severe disturbances in eating behavior(anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa)
|
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mood disorders
|
prolonged emotiondominates a person's life (bipolar disorder, depressive disorders)
|
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personality disorder
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lifelong personality patterns marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning (antisocial, histronic)
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schizophrenia
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char by w/drawl from reality into an inner world of disorganized thinking and conflict (delusions, hallucinations)
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sexual disorder
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two types: paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions
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paraphilias
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recurrent intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve unusual objects activities or situations
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exhibitionism
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compulsive need to expose ones body esp genitals to an unsuspecting stranger
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pedophilia
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sexual urges and fantatsies involving sexual activity w/ a prepubescent child (13 or younger)
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gender identity disorder
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strong and persistent cross-gender identification w/ opposite sex
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somatoform disorders
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patient's mental conflicts are expressed as physical symptoms (conversion disorder, hypochondriasis)
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conversion disorder
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physical symptom w/ no organic basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and conflict
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hypochrondiasis
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preoccupation w/ bodily aches, pains, and discomforts in the absence of real illness
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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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electric current is used to produce convulsions in the treatment of depression.
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anorexia nervosa
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an eating disorder of excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body wt.
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autism
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severe lack of response to other people; w/drawl, inability to interact, & retarded language development
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bipolar disorder
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alternating periods of mania and depression
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bulimia nervosa
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binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression
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depression
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major mood disorder w/ chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, & discouragement & commonly suicidal impulses and thoughts
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intelligence (I.Q.) test
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a standardized test designed to determine mental age of an individual by measuring capacity to absorb information & solve problems
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts & repetitive acts dominate behavior
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phobia
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irrational or disabling fear of an object or situation
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projective (personality) test
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diagnostic test that uses unstructured stimuli to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual's personality
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substance-related disorders
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regular overuse of psychoactive substances that affect the CNS
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anxi/o
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uneasy, anxious, distressed
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hallucin/o
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hallucination, to wander in the mind
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hypn/o
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sleep
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schiz/o
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split
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phil/o
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attraction to, love
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psych/o, phren/o, ment/o,
-thymia |
mind
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somat/o
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body
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-genic
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produced by
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-leptic
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to seize hold of
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-mania
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obsessive preoccupation
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-phobia
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fear (irrational and often disabling)
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-phoria
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feeling, bearing
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a-, an-
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no, not
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cata-
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down
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hypo-
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deficient, less than, below
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para-
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abnormal
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AD
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Alzheimer disease
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ADHD
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attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
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C.A.
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chronological age
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CNS
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central nervous system
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DT
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delirium tremens
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ECT
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electroconvulsive therapy
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I.Q.
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intelligence quotient
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M.A.
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mental age
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OCD
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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TAT
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Thematic Apperception Test
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WAIS
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Wechsler Intelligence Scale
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-emesis
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vomiting
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-lysis
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destruction, breakdown, separation
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-phagia
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eating, swallowing
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-rrhage, -rrhagia
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bursting forth
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-spasm
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sudden involutary contraction of muscles
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-stasis
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to stop, control
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-stenosis
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tightening, stricture, narrowing
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-tresia
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opening
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herni/o
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hernia
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