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217 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

-centesis

surgical puncture

-clast

to break

-desis

binding

-ectomy

remove

-lysis

separate or destroy

-pexy

fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhaphy

suture

-stomy

opening

-tomy

incision

-gram

record

-metry

to measure

-scope

visual instrument

-algia/dynia

pain

-cele

hernia

-ectasis

dilation

-edema

swelling

-osis/iasis

abnormal condition

-itis

inflammation

-megaly

enlargement

-pathy

disease

-plegia

paralysis

-rrhea

bursting forth

-rrhexis

rupture

-stenosis

narrowing

-trophy

development

A-, an-

without/not

peri-

around

dia- , trans-

through

endo- , intra-

within

hypo-

under

macro-

large

micro-

small

mono- , uni-

one

post- , pro-

after/behind

retro-

backward

super-

upper/above

chondr/o

cartilage

cyt/o

cell

hist/o

tissue

nucle/o

nucleus

-ad

toward

-losgist

specialist

-logy

study of

-lysis

separate

-toxic

poison

anter/o

front

caud/o

tail

dist/o

far

dors/o

back

infer/o

below

later/o

side

medi/o

middle

poster/o

back/behind

proxim/o

near

super/o

above/upper

ventr/o

belly

abdomin/o

abdomen

cervic/o

neck

gastr/o

stomach

ili/o

pelvic

inguin/o

groin

lumb/o

low back

spin/o

spine

thorac/o

chest cavity

umbilic/o

naval

adip/o , lip/o, steat/o

fat

derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o

skin

hidr/o, sudor/o

sweat

ichthy/o

dryness

kerat/o

horny tissue

melan/o

black

myc/o

fungus

onych/o

nail bed

pil/o, trich/o

hair

scler/o

hardening

seb/o

sebaceous

squam/o

scale-like

xer/o

dry

-derma

skin

-old

resembling

-phoresis

carrying

-plasty

surgical repair

-therapy

treatment

adhesion

typically in abdomen; band of scar tissue after surgery

chondroma

tumor composed of cartilage

cytotoxic

poisonous to cells

inflammation

protective response; occurs due to irritation, infection, etc.

sepsis

inflammatory response to a systemic infection

endoscopy

visual examination of internal organs and cavities with lighted instrument

fluoroscopy

continual x-ray; imaging of moving body structures

MRI

cross-sectional imaging

CT scan

narrow beam x-rays

PET

radiopharmaceutical and watch it metabolize in body

ultrasonography

high frequency sound waves

cryosurgery

sub-freezing technique

debridement

remove dead or damaged tissue

electrodessication (fulguration)

high frequency electrical sparks to destroy tissue

allograft

one person to another person

autograft

same person to different site

synthetic

collagen fiber from lab

xenograft

different species

dent/o, ordont/o

teeth

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o , lingu/o

tongue

or/o, stomat/o

mouth

ptyal/o

saliva

esophag/o

esophagus

-emesis

vomiting

-orexia

appetite

-pepsia

digestion

-phagia

swallowing

chol/e

bile

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

hepat/o

liver

pancreat/o

pancreas

-prandial

meal

FBS

fasting blood sugar

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Dx

diagnosis

appendicitis

acute infection of appendix; inflamed and irritated; related to a blockage; treat w/i 48 hours

ascites

accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity; abdominal distention; could be a tumor, liver failure, etc.

diverticular disease

colon; weakening spots which lead to out-pouches; matter gets stuck in pouches leading to infection/inflammation; really bad abdominal pain; recommend fiber and water; antibiotics or can remove part of colon

jaundice

yellow discoloration of skin and mucosal membranes; r/t too much bilirubin;


at risk: hepatits, scerosis, babies

inflammatory bowel disease

chrons and ulcerative colitis; autoimmune

chrons

patched lesions where there is inflammation

ulcerative colitis

whole segment; continuous inflammatory spot

irritable bowel syndrome

switches between constipation and diarrhea; no known cause; relate it to stress and emotion

cancer

colonoscopy at 50 unless family history; polyps

ulcer

lesions found in mucosal lining

gastritis

inflammation of stomach lining; nausea and vomiting; can be viral, bacterial, or related to surgical procedure; can be acute or chronic

barium enema & barium swallow

radiographic exam after ingesting barium sulfate; looks for blockages,etc.

stool guaiac

looks for blood in fecal matter that is not visible to the eye; could be a GI bleed

CT scan

looks at accessory organs to identify inflammation

MRI

best for finding abdominal masses

OLDCART

onset; location; duration; characteristics; aggravating factors; relieving factors; treatment

hemoglobin & hematocrit

cellular volume, helpful to test for dehydration and GI bleeds; low = anemic or hemorrhage

lymphocytes

immune function

serum albumin

protein status; indicative of malnutrition

CRP

c-reactive protein; inflammatory marker that should be 0; elevated=increased risk for cardiovascular disease; could be autoimmune disorder

nas/o and rhin/o

nose

trache/o

trachea

pneum/o and pneumon/o

air

pulmon/o

lungs

thorac/o

thoracic

-oxia

oxygen

-pnea

to breath

-spasm

involuntary contraction

spir/o

to breath

PFT

pulmonary function test

SOB

shortness of breath

TB

tuberculosis

ABG

arterial blood gas

CF

cystic fibrosis

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

NC

nasal canula

RmAir

room air



FVC

amount of air we can forcefully exhale after deep inhalation

FEV1

forced expiratory volume in 1 second

bronchoscopy

going into bronchi; goes through nose; looks for obstructions, bleeds, assessing vocal chords

how does ABG work?

blood draw that measures pH of blood; looks at O2 and CO2 levels; determines acidosis state; how well patient is ventilating



pulse oximetry

noninvasive monitoring technique used to estimate the measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (spo2) of hemoglobin



pulse ox sensor placement

finger/toe; nose; forehead; ear

pulse ox inaccurate readings

1. if they are cold


2. nail polish


3. hemoglobin concentration

cyanosis

blue mucosal membranes

retractions

using every muscle to get air in and out; indentation in ribs

PPD

packs per day

barrel chest

round bulging chest often seen in late stages of COPD; lungs chronically over inflating because can't get air out so ribs stay expanded

pectus carnatum

forward protrusion of ribs; treatment is cosmetic intervention; bracing; remove part of rib or cartilage

pectus excavatum

depression of ribs; SOB; pain; fatigue; treatment is NUSS procedure (surgical intervention)

scoliosis

curvature of the spine; women more at risk; orthotics and braces

Kyphosis

hunch back appearance causes rounding which can impair breathing; tenderness and pain; attributed to poor posture, congenital condition, or vertebral disease

tachypnea

fast breathing; respiratory rate greater than 20

brachypnea

respiratory rate less than 12

hyperventilation

excessive expulsion of CO2

hypoventilation

under ventilated; require mechanical ventilation

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

abnormal breathing pattern; periodic respiration; typically seen at end of life; shallow respiration

dispnea

difficulty breathing

eupnea

normal breathing

apnea

not breathing; without breath

RR

respiratory rate; normal = 12-20

atetectasis

collapsed lung tissue; cannot adequately exchange O2 and CO2; typically r/t obstruction such as tumor or over secretions; risk factor for surgical interventions

pneumonia

acute lung infection that can be related to bacteria, viruses, or chemical irritant; air sacs get over-inflamed and may fill with fluid so no gas exchange can occur; easy to diagnose through x-ray

bronchitis

inflammation of bronchi; increase of mucus production; coughing; cigarette smoking, viruses, and environmental conditions contribute

emphysema

directly related to cigarette smoking; chemicals destroy alveoli so no gas exchange can occur

asthma

airway tightens; related to triggers; exercise and environmental; symptoms include wheezing, tight chest, SOB, fatigue

pleural effusion thickening

abnormal presence of fluid in chest cavity;


3 types: hemothorax, hydrothorax, pyothorax

hemothorax

blood in lung

hydrothorax

serum in lung

pyothorax

puss in lung

pneumothorax

collapsed lung related to collection of air

tuberculosis

infectious disease characterized by lesions on our lungs; can spread to other organs and bone

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

"wet" lung; SOB; decrease O2 (hypoxia); typically develops in relation to something else; could be placed on ventilator

pulmonary embolism

blood clot that goes to your lungs; put on blood thinners; oral contraceptives increase risk

obstructive sleep apnea

puts individuals at risk for being respiratory compromised; obesity, heart failure, pulmonary issues; cessation of breathing at night; CPAP

questions for obstructive sleep apnea

Do you wake up gasping/choking? Are you tired during the day? Do you snore loudly?

cystic fibrosis

genetic disorder characterized by excessive mucus in lungs; can effect digestive system; no cure but life expectancy has increased; in and out of hospital a lot b/c risk for infection; can have clubbing of fingers; vibrating vests, massage and positioning for drainage

medications for respiratory issues

bronchodilators; anti-inflammatory; antibiotics; cough medicine; oxygen

Sx of respiratory issues

SOB; chronic coughing; heavy sputum; wheezing; too much mucus in your lungs; colds that last for weeks instead of days; feeling out of breath doing ADLs; a change in breathing and coughing; the feeling that something is stuck in your chest

abscess

localized collection of puss @ infection site

eczema

reddened skin and swelling related to swollen capillaries

comedo

black head

hemorrhage

ecchymosis: skin discoloration from large irregular hemorrhage (bruise)


petechia: pin-point red spots


contusion: hemorrhage of any size located under unbroken skin

hirsutism

unwanted hair/ excessive hair growth

tinea

fungal infection/ can be anywhere on body (ringworm)

vitiligo

discoloration in skin - white milky patches

urticaria

allergic reaction with eruption of pale red elevated patches

impetigo

bacterial infection with isolated pustules that crust over

primary lesions

have occurred because of a pathophysiology issue; initial reaction to altered tissue

3 kinds of primary lesions

flat, elevated, fluid-filled

secondary lesions

changes that have occurred in primary lesions (infections, scratching, etc.

type of secondary lesion

depressed

metabolic syndrome

pre diabetic state that elevates risk of developing type 2 diabetes

4 components of metabolic syndrome

obesity; high blood sugar; hypertension; hyperlipidemia

dyslipidemia is characterized by what?

high TRI and low HDL

what bariatric procedure is restrictive?

LAP-band

what body composition measurement is preferred when assessing obesity?

weight circumference