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217 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
-centesis |
surgical puncture |
|
-clast |
to break |
|
-desis |
binding |
|
-ectomy |
remove |
|
-lysis |
separate or destroy |
|
-pexy |
fixation |
|
-plasty |
surgical repair |
|
-rrhaphy |
suture |
|
-stomy |
opening |
|
-tomy |
incision |
|
-gram |
record |
|
-metry |
to measure |
|
-scope |
visual instrument |
|
-algia/dynia |
pain |
|
-cele |
hernia |
|
-ectasis |
dilation |
|
-edema |
swelling |
|
-osis/iasis |
abnormal condition |
|
-itis |
inflammation |
|
-megaly |
enlargement |
|
-pathy |
disease |
|
-plegia |
paralysis |
|
-rrhea |
bursting forth |
|
-rrhexis |
rupture |
|
-stenosis |
narrowing |
|
-trophy |
development |
|
A-, an- |
without/not |
|
peri- |
around |
|
dia- , trans- |
through |
|
endo- , intra- |
within |
|
hypo- |
under |
|
macro- |
large |
|
micro- |
small |
|
mono- , uni- |
one |
|
post- , pro- |
after/behind |
|
retro- |
backward |
|
super- |
upper/above |
|
chondr/o |
cartilage |
|
cyt/o |
cell |
|
hist/o |
tissue |
|
nucle/o |
nucleus |
|
-ad |
toward |
|
-losgist |
specialist |
|
-logy |
study of |
|
-lysis |
separate |
|
-toxic |
poison |
|
anter/o |
front |
|
caud/o |
tail |
|
dist/o |
far |
|
dors/o |
back |
|
infer/o |
below |
|
later/o |
side |
|
medi/o |
middle |
|
poster/o |
back/behind |
|
proxim/o |
near |
|
super/o |
above/upper |
|
ventr/o |
belly |
|
abdomin/o |
abdomen |
|
cervic/o |
neck |
|
gastr/o |
stomach |
|
ili/o |
pelvic |
|
inguin/o |
groin |
|
lumb/o |
low back |
|
spin/o |
spine |
|
thorac/o |
chest cavity |
|
umbilic/o |
naval |
|
adip/o , lip/o, steat/o |
fat |
|
derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o |
skin |
|
hidr/o, sudor/o |
sweat |
|
ichthy/o |
dryness |
|
kerat/o |
horny tissue |
|
melan/o |
black |
|
myc/o |
fungus |
|
onych/o |
nail bed |
|
pil/o, trich/o |
hair |
|
scler/o |
hardening |
|
seb/o |
sebaceous |
|
squam/o |
scale-like |
|
xer/o |
dry |
|
-derma |
skin |
|
-old |
resembling |
|
-phoresis |
carrying |
|
-plasty |
surgical repair |
|
-therapy |
treatment |
|
adhesion |
typically in abdomen; band of scar tissue after surgery |
|
chondroma |
tumor composed of cartilage |
|
cytotoxic |
poisonous to cells |
|
inflammation |
protective response; occurs due to irritation, infection, etc. |
|
sepsis |
inflammatory response to a systemic infection |
|
endoscopy |
visual examination of internal organs and cavities with lighted instrument |
|
fluoroscopy |
continual x-ray; imaging of moving body structures |
|
MRI |
cross-sectional imaging |
|
CT scan |
narrow beam x-rays |
|
PET |
radiopharmaceutical and watch it metabolize in body |
|
ultrasonography |
high frequency sound waves |
|
cryosurgery |
sub-freezing technique |
|
debridement |
remove dead or damaged tissue |
|
electrodessication (fulguration) |
high frequency electrical sparks to destroy tissue |
|
allograft |
one person to another person |
|
autograft |
same person to different site |
|
synthetic |
collagen fiber from lab |
|
xenograft |
different species |
|
dent/o, ordont/o |
teeth |
|
gingiv/o |
gums |
|
gloss/o , lingu/o |
tongue |
|
or/o, stomat/o |
mouth |
|
ptyal/o |
saliva |
|
esophag/o |
esophagus |
|
-emesis |
vomiting |
|
-orexia |
appetite |
|
-pepsia |
digestion |
|
-phagia |
swallowing |
|
chol/e |
bile |
|
cholecyst/o |
gallbladder |
|
hepat/o |
liver |
|
pancreat/o |
pancreas |
|
-prandial |
meal |
|
FBS |
fasting blood sugar |
|
GERD |
gastroesophageal reflux disease |
|
Dx |
diagnosis |
|
appendicitis |
acute infection of appendix; inflamed and irritated; related to a blockage; treat w/i 48 hours |
|
ascites |
accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity; abdominal distention; could be a tumor, liver failure, etc. |
|
diverticular disease |
colon; weakening spots which lead to out-pouches; matter gets stuck in pouches leading to infection/inflammation; really bad abdominal pain; recommend fiber and water; antibiotics or can remove part of colon |
|
jaundice |
yellow discoloration of skin and mucosal membranes; r/t too much bilirubin; at risk: hepatits, scerosis, babies |
|
inflammatory bowel disease |
chrons and ulcerative colitis; autoimmune |
|
chrons |
patched lesions where there is inflammation |
|
ulcerative colitis |
whole segment; continuous inflammatory spot |
|
irritable bowel syndrome |
switches between constipation and diarrhea; no known cause; relate it to stress and emotion |
|
cancer |
colonoscopy at 50 unless family history; polyps |
|
ulcer |
lesions found in mucosal lining |
|
gastritis |
inflammation of stomach lining; nausea and vomiting; can be viral, bacterial, or related to surgical procedure; can be acute or chronic |
|
barium enema & barium swallow |
radiographic exam after ingesting barium sulfate; looks for blockages,etc. |
|
stool guaiac |
looks for blood in fecal matter that is not visible to the eye; could be a GI bleed |
|
CT scan |
looks at accessory organs to identify inflammation |
|
MRI |
best for finding abdominal masses |
|
OLDCART |
onset; location; duration; characteristics; aggravating factors; relieving factors; treatment |
|
hemoglobin & hematocrit |
cellular volume, helpful to test for dehydration and GI bleeds; low = anemic or hemorrhage |
|
lymphocytes |
immune function |
|
serum albumin |
protein status; indicative of malnutrition |
|
CRP |
c-reactive protein; inflammatory marker that should be 0; elevated=increased risk for cardiovascular disease; could be autoimmune disorder |
|
nas/o and rhin/o |
nose |
|
trache/o |
trachea |
|
pneum/o and pneumon/o |
air |
|
pulmon/o |
lungs |
|
thorac/o |
thoracic |
|
-oxia |
oxygen |
|
-pnea |
to breath |
|
-spasm |
involuntary contraction |
|
spir/o |
to breath |
|
PFT |
pulmonary function test |
|
SOB |
shortness of breath |
|
TB |
tuberculosis |
|
ABG |
arterial blood gas |
|
CF |
cystic fibrosis |
|
COPD |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
|
NC |
nasal canula |
|
RmAir |
room air |
|
FVC |
amount of air we can forcefully exhale after deep inhalation |
|
FEV1 |
forced expiratory volume in 1 second |
|
bronchoscopy |
going into bronchi; goes through nose; looks for obstructions, bleeds, assessing vocal chords |
|
how does ABG work? |
blood draw that measures pH of blood; looks at O2 and CO2 levels; determines acidosis state; how well patient is ventilating |
|
pulse oximetry |
noninvasive monitoring technique used to estimate the measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (spo2) of hemoglobin |
|
pulse ox sensor placement |
finger/toe; nose; forehead; ear |
|
pulse ox inaccurate readings |
1. if they are cold 2. nail polish 3. hemoglobin concentration |
|
cyanosis |
blue mucosal membranes |
|
retractions |
using every muscle to get air in and out; indentation in ribs |
|
PPD |
packs per day |
|
barrel chest |
round bulging chest often seen in late stages of COPD; lungs chronically over inflating because can't get air out so ribs stay expanded |
|
pectus carnatum |
forward protrusion of ribs; treatment is cosmetic intervention; bracing; remove part of rib or cartilage |
|
pectus excavatum |
depression of ribs; SOB; pain; fatigue; treatment is NUSS procedure (surgical intervention) |
|
scoliosis |
curvature of the spine; women more at risk; orthotics and braces |
|
Kyphosis |
hunch back appearance causes rounding which can impair breathing; tenderness and pain; attributed to poor posture, congenital condition, or vertebral disease |
|
tachypnea |
fast breathing; respiratory rate greater than 20 |
|
brachypnea |
respiratory rate less than 12 |
|
hyperventilation |
excessive expulsion of CO2 |
|
hypoventilation |
under ventilated; require mechanical ventilation |
|
Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
abnormal breathing pattern; periodic respiration; typically seen at end of life; shallow respiration |
|
dispnea |
difficulty breathing |
|
eupnea |
normal breathing |
|
apnea |
not breathing; without breath |
|
RR |
respiratory rate; normal = 12-20 |
|
atetectasis |
collapsed lung tissue; cannot adequately exchange O2 and CO2; typically r/t obstruction such as tumor or over secretions; risk factor for surgical interventions |
|
pneumonia |
acute lung infection that can be related to bacteria, viruses, or chemical irritant; air sacs get over-inflamed and may fill with fluid so no gas exchange can occur; easy to diagnose through x-ray |
|
bronchitis |
inflammation of bronchi; increase of mucus production; coughing; cigarette smoking, viruses, and environmental conditions contribute |
|
emphysema |
directly related to cigarette smoking; chemicals destroy alveoli so no gas exchange can occur |
|
asthma |
airway tightens; related to triggers; exercise and environmental; symptoms include wheezing, tight chest, SOB, fatigue |
|
pleural effusion thickening |
abnormal presence of fluid in chest cavity; 3 types: hemothorax, hydrothorax, pyothorax |
|
hemothorax |
blood in lung |
|
hydrothorax |
serum in lung |
|
pyothorax |
puss in lung |
|
pneumothorax |
collapsed lung related to collection of air |
|
tuberculosis |
infectious disease characterized by lesions on our lungs; can spread to other organs and bone |
|
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
"wet" lung; SOB; decrease O2 (hypoxia); typically develops in relation to something else; could be placed on ventilator |
|
pulmonary embolism |
blood clot that goes to your lungs; put on blood thinners; oral contraceptives increase risk |
|
obstructive sleep apnea |
puts individuals at risk for being respiratory compromised; obesity, heart failure, pulmonary issues; cessation of breathing at night; CPAP |
|
questions for obstructive sleep apnea |
Do you wake up gasping/choking? Are you tired during the day? Do you snore loudly? |
|
cystic fibrosis |
genetic disorder characterized by excessive mucus in lungs; can effect digestive system; no cure but life expectancy has increased; in and out of hospital a lot b/c risk for infection; can have clubbing of fingers; vibrating vests, massage and positioning for drainage |
|
medications for respiratory issues |
bronchodilators; anti-inflammatory; antibiotics; cough medicine; oxygen |
|
Sx of respiratory issues |
SOB; chronic coughing; heavy sputum; wheezing; too much mucus in your lungs; colds that last for weeks instead of days; feeling out of breath doing ADLs; a change in breathing and coughing; the feeling that something is stuck in your chest |
|
abscess |
localized collection of puss @ infection site |
|
eczema |
reddened skin and swelling related to swollen capillaries |
|
comedo |
black head |
|
hemorrhage |
ecchymosis: skin discoloration from large irregular hemorrhage (bruise) petechia: pin-point red spots contusion: hemorrhage of any size located under unbroken skin |
|
hirsutism |
unwanted hair/ excessive hair growth |
|
tinea |
fungal infection/ can be anywhere on body (ringworm) |
|
vitiligo |
discoloration in skin - white milky patches |
|
urticaria |
allergic reaction with eruption of pale red elevated patches |
|
impetigo |
bacterial infection with isolated pustules that crust over |
|
primary lesions |
have occurred because of a pathophysiology issue; initial reaction to altered tissue |
|
3 kinds of primary lesions |
flat, elevated, fluid-filled |
|
secondary lesions |
changes that have occurred in primary lesions (infections, scratching, etc. |
|
type of secondary lesion |
depressed |
|
metabolic syndrome |
pre diabetic state that elevates risk of developing type 2 diabetes |
|
4 components of metabolic syndrome |
obesity; high blood sugar; hypertension; hyperlipidemia |
|
dyslipidemia is characterized by what? |
high TRI and low HDL |
|
what bariatric procedure is restrictive? |
LAP-band |
|
what body composition measurement is preferred when assessing obesity? |
weight circumference |