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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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analgesia
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without sensitivity to pain.
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anesthesia
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without feeling or sensation
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aneurysm
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a localized dilatation in the wall of an artery that expands with each pulsation of the artery.
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aphasia
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Inability to communicate through speech, writing or signs because of an injury to or disease in certain areas of the brain.
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ataxia
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Without muscular coordination.
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aura
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The sensation an individual experiences prior to the onset of a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure.It may be a sensation to light or warmth and may precede the attack by hours or only a few seconds.
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autonomic nervous system
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The part of the nervous system that regulatest the involuntary vital functions of the body, such as the activities involving the heart muscle
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axon
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The part of the nerve cell that transports nerve impulses away from the nerve cell body.
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bradykinesia
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abnormally slow movement.
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brain stem
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The stemlike portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemisphere withe the spinal cord. The brain stem contains the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata
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burr hole
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A hole drilled into the skull using a form of drill.
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central nervous system
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One of the two main divisions of the nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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cephalalgia
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Pain in the head; headache.
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cerebellum
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The part of the brain responsible for cooridinating voluntary muscular movement.
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cerebral concussion
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Abrief interruption of brain function, usually with a loss of consciousness lasting for few seconds.
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cerebral contusion
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Small scattered venous hemmorahages in the brain; better described as a "bruise" of the brain tissue occurring when the brain strikes the inner skull.
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cerebrospinal fluid
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The fluid flowing through the brain and around the spinal cord that protects them from physical blow or impact.
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cerebrum
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The largest and uppermost part of the brain
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coma
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A deep sleep in which the individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to external stimuli.
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craniotomy
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A surgical incision into the cranium or skull.
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deficit
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Any dificiency or variation of the normal.
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dendrite
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A projection that extends from the nerve cell body.
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dysphasia
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Difficult speech.
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efferent nerves
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Transmitters of nerve impulses away from the CNS; also known as motor nerves.
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ganglion
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A knotlike mass of nerve tissue found outside the brain or spinal cord.
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hemiplegia
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Paralysis of one half of the body (left or right side).
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herpes zoster
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An acute infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, characterized by painful vesicular lesions along the path of a spinal nerve; also called shingles.
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hyperesthesia
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Excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as pain or touch.
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hypothalamus
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A part of the brain located below the thatlamus that controls many functiions, such as body temperature, sleep, and appetite.
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interneurons
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Connecting neurons that conduct impulses from afferent nerves to or toward motor nerves.
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cerebral contusion
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Small scattered venous hemmorahages in the brain; better described as a "bruise" of the brain tissue occurring when the brain strikes the inner skull.
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cerebrospinal fluid
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The fluid flowing through the brain and around the spinal cord that protects them from physical blow or impact.
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cerebrum
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The largest and uppermost part of the brain
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coma
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A deep sleep in which the individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to external stimuli.
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craniotomy
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A surgical incision into the cranium or skull.
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meninges
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The three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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narcolepsy
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Uncontrolled sudden attacks of sleep.
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nerve
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A cordlike bundle of neerve fibers that transmit impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body.
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nerve block
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Severe, sharp, spasmlike pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves.
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neurologist
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A physician who spicializes in treating the diseases and disorders of the nervous system.
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neurology
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The study of the nervous system and its disorders.
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neurosurgeon
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A physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system.
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neurosurgery
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Any surgery involving the vervous system.
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occlusion
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Blockage.
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palliative
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Soothing.
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meninges
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The three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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narcolepsy
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Uncontrolled sudden attacks of sleep.
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nerve
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A cordlike bundle of neerve fibers that transmit impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body.
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nerve block
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Severe, sharp, spasmlike pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves.
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neurologist
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A physician who spicializes in treating the diseases and disorders of the nervous system.
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meninges
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The three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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narcolepsy
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Uncontrolled sudden attacks of sleep.
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nerve
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A cordlike bundle of neerve fibers that transmit impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body.
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nerve block
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Severe, sharp, spasmlike pain that extends along the course of one or more nerves.
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neurologist
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A physician who spicializes in treating the diseases and disorders of the nervous system.
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neurology
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The study of the nervous system and its disorders.
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neuron
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A nerve cell.
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neurosurgeon
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A physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system.
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neurosurgery
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Any surger involving the nervous system.
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occlusion
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Blockage.
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palliative
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soothing.
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paraplegia
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Paralysis of the lower extremities and trunk, usually due to spinal cord injuries.
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parasympathetic nerves
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Nerves of the ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions such as slowing the heart rate.
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paresthesia
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A sensation of numbness or tingling.
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peripheral nervous system
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The part of the nervous system outside the CNS, consisting of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
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pia mater
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The innermost of the three membranes (meninges) surround the brain and spinal cord.
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plexus
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A network of interwoven nerves.
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quadriplegia
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Paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord at the level of the cervical vertebrae.
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sciatica
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Inflammation of the sciatic nerve; characterized by pain along the course of the nerve, radiating through the thigh and down the back of the leg.
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somatic nervous system
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The part of the PNS that provides voluntary control over skeletal muscle contractions.
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sympathetic nerves
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Nerves of the ANS that rgulate essential involuntary body functions such as increasing the heart rate, contricting blood vessels and raising the blood pressure.
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synapse
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The space between the end of one nerve and the beginning of another, through which nerve impulses are transmitted.
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syncope
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Fainting.
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thalamus
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The part of the brain located between the cerebral hemispheres and midbrain.
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thrombosis
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An abnormal condition in which a clot develops in a blood vessel.
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ventricle,brain
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A small hollow within the brain that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
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Alzheimer's disease
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Deterioration of a perso's intellectual funtioning.
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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A severe weakening and wasting of the involved muscle groups.
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anencephaly
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an absence of the brain and spinal cord ath birth, a congenital disorder.
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Bell's palsy
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A temporary or permanent unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face following trauma to the face.
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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a pinching or compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel due to inflammation and swelling of the tendons.
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cerebral palsy
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A collective term used to describe congenital (at birth) brain damage that is permanent but not progressive'
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cerebrovascular accident
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involves death of a specific portion of brain tissue.
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Transient ischemic attacks
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brief periods of ischemia in the brain lasting from minutes to hours which can cause a variety of systems.
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cerebral thrombosis
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clot
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encephalitis
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the inflammation of the brain or spinal cord tissue largely caused by a virus that enters the CNS when the person experiences a viral disease such as measles or mumps or through the bite of a mosquito or tick.
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epilepsy
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a syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive irregular electrical activity of the brain resulting in involuntary muscle movements called seizures.
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grand mal seizures
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an epileptic seizure characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness and by generalized involuntary muscular contraction.
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petit mal seizure
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are small seizures in which ther is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds; also known as absence seizures.
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migraine headache
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a recurring, pulsating, vascular headache usually developing on one side of the head.
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cluster headache
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occures typically two to three hours after falling asleep; described as estreme pain around one eye that wakens the person from sleep.
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tension headache
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occurs from long, endured contraction of the skeletal muscles around the face, scalp, upper back, and neck.
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hematoma, epidural
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a collection of blood located abouve the dura mater and just below the skull.
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hematoma, subdural
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a collection of blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid layer of the meninges.
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Huntington's chorea
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an inherited neurological disease characterized by rapid, jerky, involuntary movements and increasing dementia due to the effects of the basal ganglia on the neurons.
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encephalitis
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the inflammation of the brain or spinal cord tissue largely caused by a virus that enters the CNS when the person experiences a viral disease such as measles or mumps or through the bite of a mosquito or tick.
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epilepsy
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a syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive irregular electrical activity of the brain resulting in involuntary muscle movements called seizures.
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grand mal seizures
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an epileptic seizure characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness and by generalized involuntary muscular contraction.
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petit mal seizure
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are small seizures in which ther is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds; also known as absence seizures.
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migraine headache
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a recurring, pulsating, vascular headache usually developing on one side of the head.
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cluster headache
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occures typically two to three hours after falling asleep; described as estreme pain around one eye that wakens the person from sleep.
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tension headache
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occurs from long, endured contraction of the skeletal muscles around the face, scalp, upper back, and neck.
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hematoma, epidural
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a collection of blood located abouve the dura mater and just below the skull.
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hematoma, subdural
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a collection of blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid layer of the meninges.
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Huntington's chorea
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an inherited neurological disease characterized by rapid, jerky, involuntary movements and increasing dementia due to the effects of the basal ganglia on the neurons.
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cluster headache
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occures typically two to three hours after falling asleep; described as estreme pain around one eye that wakens the person from sleep.
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tension headache
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occurs from long, endured contraction of the skeletal muscles around the face, scalp, upper back, and neck.
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hematoma, epidural
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a collection of blood located abouve the dura mater and just below the skull.
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hematoma, subdural
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a collection of blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid layer of the meninges.
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Huntington's chorea
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an inherited neurological disease characterized by rapid, jerky, involuntary movements and increasing dementia due to the effects of the basal ganglia on the neurons.
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hydrocephalus
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an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain that causes the ventricles of the brain to dilate.
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meningitis
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a serious bacterial infection of the meninges the covering of the brain and spinal cord that can have residual debilitation effects or even a fatal outcome if not diagnosed and treated prompltly with appropriate antibiotic therapy.
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multiple sclerosis
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a degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS attacking the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain.
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Parkinson's disease
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a degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem's motor system characterized by onset systems.
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shingles
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an acute viral infection seen mainly in adults who have had chicken pox.
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paraplegia
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(paralysis of lower extremities) is caused by severe injury to the spinal cord in the thoracic or lumbar region.
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quadriplegia
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follows severe trauma to the spinal cord between the fifth and seventh cervical vertebrae.
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cerebral angiography
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is visualization of the cerebral vascular system via x-ray after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium into an arterial blood vessel.
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cerebrospinal fluid analysis
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CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture is analyzed for the presence of bacteria, blood, or malignant cells, as well as for the amount of protein and glucose present.
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electroencephalography
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Measurement of electrical activity produced by the brain and recorded through electrodes placed on the scalp is termed .
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lumbar puncture
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the insertio of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space, generally between the third and fourth lumbar bertebrae below the level of the spinal cord under strict aseptic technique.
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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a noninvasive scanning procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures without the use of radiation.
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romberg test
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is used to evaluate cerebellar function and balance.
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ALS
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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CNS
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central nervous system
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CSF
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cerebrospinal fluid
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CVA
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cerebrovascular accident; stroke
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EEG
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electroencephalogram
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imaging
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MS
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multiple sclerosis
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NREM
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non-rapid eye movement (stage of sleep)
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REM
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rapid eye movement
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TIA
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transient ischemic attack
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dura mater
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the outermost of the three membranes (meninges) surounding the brain and spinal cord.
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subdural space
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the space located just beneath the dura mater that contains serous fluid.
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cell body
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the structure that contains the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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arachnoid membrane
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the weblike middle layer of the three membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
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