Medical Terminology, Chapter 8

Front 1

anaphylaxis

Back 1

an extreme allergic reaction that can lead to respiratory distress, circulatory collapse, and death

Front 2

antagonist

Back 2

a substance that interferes with or opposes the action of the drug

Front 3

brand name

Back 3

the trade or proprietary name of a drug, a registered trademark of the manufacturer; written with an initial capital letter

Front 4

contraindication

Back 4

a factor that makes the use of a drug undesirable or dangerous

Front 5

drug

Back 5

a substance that alters body function

Front 6

efficacy

Back 6

the power to produce a specific result; effectiveness

Front 7

generic name

Back 7

the nonproprietary name of a drug; that is, a name that is not privately owned or trademarked; usually a simplified version of the chemical name; not capitalized

Front 8

phytomedicine

Back 8

another name for herbal medicine (root phyt/o meaning "plant")

Front 9

potentiation

Back 9

increased potency created by two drugs acting together

Front 10

prescription (Rx)

Back 10

written and signed order for a drug with directions for its administration

Front 11

side effect

Back 11

a result of drug therapy or other therapy that is unrelated to or an extension of its intended effect; usually applies to an undesirable effect of treatment

Front 12

substance dependence

Back 12

a condition that may result from chronic use of a drug, in which a person has a chronic or compulsive need for a drug regardless of its adverse effects; dependence may be psychological or physical

Front 13

synergy

Back 13

combined action of two or more drugs working together to produce an effect greater than any of the drugs could produce when acting alone; also called synergism

Front 14

tolerance

Back 14

a condition in which chronic use of a drug results in loss of effectiveness an the dose must be increased to produce the original response

Front 15

withdrawal

Back 15

a condition that results from abrupt cessation or reduction of a drug that has been used regularly

Front 16

-lytic

Back 16

dissolving, reducing, loosening

Front 17

-mimetic

Back 17

mimicking, simulating

Front 18

-tropic

Back 18

acting on

Front 19

anti-

Back 19

against

Front 20

contra-

Back 20

against, opposite, opposed

Front 21

counter-

Back 21

against, opposed

Front 22

alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o

Back 22

pain

Front 23

chem/o

Back 23

chemical

Front 24

hypn/o

Back 24

sleep

Front 25

narc/o

Back 25

stupor

Front 26

pharm, pharmac/o

Back 26

drug, medicine

Front 27

pyr/o, pyret/o

Back 27

fever

Front 28

tox/o, toxic/o

Back 28

poison, toxin

Front 29

vas/o

Back 29

vessel

Front 30

absorption

Back 30

drug taken into the circulation through the digestive tract or by transfer across another membrane

Front 31

inhalation

Back 31

administration through the respiratory system, as by breathing in an aerosol or nebulizer spray

Front 32

instillation

Back 32

liquid is dropped or poured slowly into a body cavity or on the surface of the body, such as into the ear or onto the conjunctiva of the eye

Front 33

oral

Back 33

given by mouth; per os (po)

Front 34

rectal

Back 34

administered by rectal suppository or enema

Front 35

sublingual (SL)

Back 35

administered under the tongue

Front 36

topical

Back 36

applied to the surface of the skin

Front 37

transdermal

Back 37

absorbed through the skin, as from a patch placed on the surface of the skin

Front 38

injection

Back 38

administered by a needle and syringe; described as parenteral routes of administration

Front 39

epidural

Back 39

injected into the space between the meninges (membranes around the spinal cord) and the spine

Front 40

hypodermoclysis

Back 40

administration of a solution by subcutaneous infusion; useful for fluid delivery as an alternative for intravenous infusion

Front 41

intradermal (ID)

Back 41

injected into the skin

Front 42

intramuscular (IM)

Back 42

injected into a muscle

Front 43

intravenous (IV)

Back 43

injected into a vein

Front 44

spinal (intrathecal)

Back 44

injected through the meninges into the spinal fluid

Front 45

subcutaneous (SC)

Back 45

injected beneath the skin; hypodermic

Front 46

aerosol

Back 46

solution dispersed as a mist to be inhaled

Front 47

aqueous solution

Back 47

substance dissolved in water

Front 48

elixir (elix)

Back 48

a clear, pleasantly flavored and sweetened hydroalcoholic liquid intended for oral use

Front 49

emulsion

Back 49

a mixture in which one liquid is dispersed but not dissolved in another liquid

Front 50

lotion

Back 50

solution prepared for topical use

Front 51

suspension (susp)

Back 51

fine particles dispersed in a liquid, must be shaken before use

Front 52

tincture (tinct)

Back 52

substance dissolved in an alcoholic solution

Front 53

cream

Back 53

a semisolid emulsion used topically

Front 54

ointment (ung)

Back 54

drug in a base that keeps it in contact with the skin

Front 55

capsule (cap)

Back 55

material in a gelatin container that dissolves easily in the stomach

Front 56

lozenge

Back 56

a pleasant-tasting medicated tablet or disk to be dissolved in the mouth, such as a cough drop

Front 57

suppository (supp)

Back 57

substance mixed and molded with a base that melts easily when inserted into a body opening

Front 58

tablet

Back 58

a solid dosage form containing a drug in a pure state or mixed with a nonactive ingredient and prepared by compression or molding, also called a pill

Front 59

ampule

Back 59

a small sealed glass or plastic container used for sterile intravenous solutions

Front 60

bolus

Back 60

a concentrated amount of a diagnostic or therapeutic substance given rapidly intravenously

Front 61

catheter

Back 61

a thin tube that can be passed into a body cavity, organ, or vessel

Front 62

syringe

Back 62

an instrument for injecting fluid

Front 63

vial

Back 63

a small glass or plastic container