Medical Terminology Chapter 8

Front 1

AFFERENT NERVES

Back 1

TRANSMITTER OF NERVE IMPULSES TOWARD THE CNS; ALSO KNOWN AS SENSORY NERVES

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AGRAPHIA

Back 2

THE INABILITY TO CONVERT ONE'S THOUGHTS INTO WRITING

Front 3

ANALGESIA

Back 3

WITHOUT SENSITIVITY TO PAIN

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ANESTHESIA

Back 4

WITHOUT FEELING OR SENSATION

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ANEURYSM

Back 5

LOCALIZED DILATION IN THE WALL OF ARTERY THAT EXPANDS WITH EACH PULSATION OF THE ARTERY; CAUSED BY HYPERTENSION OR ATHROSCLEROSIS

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APHASIA

Back 6

INABILITY TO COMMUNICATE THROUGH SPEECH, WRITING OR SIGNS BECAUSE OF AN INJURY OR DISEASE IN AREAS OF THE BRAIN

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ATAXIA

Back 7

WITHOUT MUSCULAR COODINATION

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AURA

Back 8

SENSATION AN INDIV. EXPERIENCES PRIOR TO THE ONSET OF A MIGRAINE HEADACH OR AN EPILEPTIC SEIZUIRE. IT MAY BE A SENSATION OF LIGHT OR WARMTH AND MAY PRECEDE THE ATTACK BY HOURS OR ONLY A FEW SECONDS.

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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 9

THE PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT REGULATES THE INVOLUNTARY VITAL FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY, SUCH AS THE ACTIVITIES INVOLVING THE HEART MUSCLE SMOOTH MUSCLES, AND THE GLANDS. THE AUTONOMIC NERVIOUS SYSTEM HAS TWO DIVISIONS: THE SNS AND PNS (DEFINED SEPARATELY).

Front 10

AXON

Back 10

THE PART OF THE NERVE CELL THAT TRANSPORTS NERVE IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE NERVE CELL BODY.

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BRADYKINESIA

Back 11

ABNORMALLY SLOW MOVEMENT

Front 12

BRAIN STEAM

Back 12

THE STEMLIKE PORTION OF THE BRAIN THAT CONNECTS THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE WITH THE SPINAL CORD. THE BRAIN STEM CONTAINS THE MIDBRAIN, THE PONS, AND THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

Front 13

BURR HOLE

Back 13

A HOLE DRILLED INTO THE SKULL USING A FORM OF DRILL

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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 14

ONE OF THE TWO MAIN DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, CONSISTING OF THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD.

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CEPHALALGIA

Back 15

PAIN IN THE HEAD; HEADACHE

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CEREBELLUM

Back 16

THE PART OF THE BRAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR COODINATING VOULUNTARY MUSCLES MOVEMENT; LOCATED BEHIND THE BRAIN STEM.

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CEREBRAL CONCUSSION

Back 17

A BRIEF INTERRUPTION OF BRAIN FUNCTION USUALLY WITH A LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS LASTING FOR A FEW SECONDS. THIS TRANSIENT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS IS USUALLY CAUSED BY BLUNT TRAUMA ( A BLOW ) TO THE HEAD.

Front 18

CEREBRAL CONTUSION

Back 18

SMALL SCATTERED VENOUS HERRMOHAGES IN THE BRAIN; BETTER DRSCRIBED AS A "BRUISE" OF THE BRAIN TISSUE OCCURING WHEN THE BRAIN STRIKES THE INNER SKULL.

Front 19

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Back 19

FLUID FLOWING THROUGH THE BRAIN AND AROUND THE SPINAL CORD THAT PROTECTS THEM FROM PHYSICAL BLOW OR IMPACT.

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CEREBRUM

Back 20

LARGEST AND UPPERMOST PART OF THE BRAIN. IT CONTROLS CONSCIOUSNESS, MEMORY, SENSATION, EMOTIONS AND VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS.

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COMA

Back 21

DEEP SLEEP IN WHICH THE INDIVIDUAL CANNOT BE AROUSED AND DOES NOT RESPOND TO EXTERNAL STIMULI.

Front 22

CRANIOTOMY

Back 22

A SURGICAL INCISION INTO THE CRANIUM OR SKULL

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DEFICIT

Back 23

ANY DEFICIENCY OR VARIATION OF THE NORMAL AS IN A WEAKNESS DEFICIT RESULTING FROM CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT.

Front 24

DENDRITE

Back 24

A PROJECTION THAT EXTENDS FROM THE NERVE CELL BODY. IT RECEIVES IMPULSES AND CONDUCTS THEM ON TO THE CELL BODY.

Front 25

DYSPHASIA

Back 25

DIFFICULT SPEECH

Front 26

EFFERENT NERVES

Back 26

TRANSMITTERS OF NERVE IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE CNS; ALSO KNOWN AS MOTOR NERVES.

Front 27

GANGLION

Back 27

A KNOTLIKE MASS OF NERVE TISSUE FOUND OUTSIDE THE BRAIN OR SPINAL CORD (PLURA:GANGLIA).

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HEMIPLEGIA

Back 28

PARALYSIS OF ONE HALF OF THE BODY(LEFT OR RIGHT SIDE).

Front 29

HERPES ZOSTER

Back 29

AN ACUTE INFECTION CAUSED BY THE SAME VIRUS THAT CAUSES CHICKENPOX, CHARACTERIZED BY PAINFUL VESICULAR LESIONS ALONG THE PATH OF A SPINAL NERVE; ALSO CALLED SHINGLES.

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HYPERESTHESIA

Back 30

EXCESSIVE SENSITIVITY TO SENSORY STIMULI SUCH AS PAIN OR TOUCH.

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HYPOTHALAMUS

Back 31

A PART OF THE BRAIN LOCATED BELOW THE THALAMUS THAT CONTROLS MANY FUNCTIONS SUCH AS BODY TEMPERATURE, SLEEP AND APPETITE.

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INTERNEURONS

Back 32

CONNECTING NEURONS THAT CONDUCT IMPULSES FROM AFFERENT NERVES TO OR TOWARD MOTOR NERVES

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LETHARGY

Back 33

A STATE OF BEING SLUGGISH

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MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Back 34

1 OF 3 PARTS OF THE BRAIN STEM, THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA IS THE MOST ESSENTIAL PART OF THE BRAIN IN THAT IT CONTAINS THE CARDIAC, VASOMOTOR, AND RESPIRATORY CENTERS OF THE BRAIN.

Front 35

MENINGES

Back 35

THE THREE LAYES OF PROTECTIVE MEMBRANES THAT SURROUND THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD

Front 36

NARCOLEPSY

Back 36

UNCONTROLLED, SUDDEN ATTACKS OF SLEEP

Front 37

NERVE

Back 37

A CORDLIKE BUNDLE OF NERVE FIBERS THAT TRANSMIT IMPULSES TO AND FROM THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD TO OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY. A NERVE IS MACROSCOPIC.

Front 38

NERVE BLOCK

Back 38

INJECTION OF A LOCAL ANESTHETIC ALONG THE COURSE OF A NERVE OR NERVES TO ELIMINATE SENSATION TO THE AREA SUPPLIED BY THE NERVES; ALSO CALLED CONDUCTION ANESTHESIA.

Front 39

NEURALGIA

Back 39

SEVERE, SHARP SPASMLIKE PAIN THAT EXTENDS ALONG THE COURSE OF ONE OR MORE NERVES.

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NEUROLOGIST

Back 40

A PHYSICIAN WHO SPECIALIZES IN TREATING THE DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.

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NEUROLOGY

Back 41

THE STUDY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND IT'S DISORDERS.

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NEURON

Back 42

A NERVE CELL

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NEUROSURGEON

Back 43

A PHYSICIAN WHO SPECIALIZES IN SURGERY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Front 44

NEUROSURGERY

Back 44

ANY SURGERY INVOLVING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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PALLIATIVE

Back 45

SOOTHING

Front 46

PARAPLEGIA

Back 46

PARALYSIS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES AND TRUNK, USUALLY DUE TO SPINAL CORD INJURY.

Front 47

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES

Back 47

NERVES OF THE ANS THAT ESSENTIAL INVOLUNTARY BODY FUNCTIONS SUCH AS SLOWING THE HEART RATE, INCREASING PERISTALSIS OF THE INTESTINE, INCREASING FLANDULAR SECRETIONS AND RELAXING SPHICTERS

Front 48

PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC

Back 48

COPYING OR PRODUCING THE SAME EFFECTS AS THOSE OF THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES "TO MIMIC" THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES.

Front 49

PARESTHESIA

Back 49

A SENSATION OF NUMBNESS OR TINGLING

Front 50

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 50

THE PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OUTSIDE THE CNS, CONSISTING OF 12 PAIRS OF CRANIAL NERVES AND 31 PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES.

Front 51

PIA MATER

Back 51

THE INNERMOST OF THE THREE MEMBRANES (MENINGES) SURROUNDING THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD.

Front 52

PLEXUS

Back 52

A NETWORK OF INTERWOVEN NERVES

Front 53

QUADRIPLEGIA

Back 53

PARALYSIS OF ALL FOUR EXTREMITIES AND THE TRUNK OF THE BODY; CAUSED BY INJURY TO THE SPINAL CORD AT THE LEVEL OF THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE.

Front 54

SCIATICA

Back 54

INFLAMMATION OF THE SCIATIC NERVE, CHARACTERIZED BY PAIN ALONG THE COURSE OF THE NERVE, REDIALING THROUGHT THE THIGH AND DOWN THE BACK OF THE LEG.

Front 55

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 55

THE PART OF THE PNS THAT PROVIDES VOLUNTARY CONTROL OVER SKELETAL MUSCLES CONTRACTIONS.

Front 56

SYMPATHETIC NERVES

Back 56

NERVES OF THE ANS THAT REGULATE ESSENTIAL INVOLUNTARY BODY FUNCTIONS SUCH AS INCREASING THE HEART RATE, CONSTRICTING BLOOD VESSELS, AND RAISING THE BLOOD PRESSURE.

Front 57

SYNAPSE

Back 57

THE SPACE BETWEEN THE END OF ONE NERVE AND THE BEGINNING OF ANOTHER, THROUGH WHICH NERVE IMPULSES ARE TRANSMITTED.

Front 58

SYNCOPE

Back 58

FAINTING

Front 59

THALAMUS

Back 59

THE PART OF THE BRAIN LOCATED BETWEEN THE CEREBRAL HISPHERES AND THE MIDBRAIN, THE THALAMUS RECEIVES ALL SENSORY STIMULI, EXCEPT THOSE OF SMELL AND RELAYS THEM TO THE CEREBRAL COTEX.

Front 60

THROMBOSIS

Back 60

ABNORMAL CONDITION IN WHICH A CLOT DEVELOPS IN A BLOOD VESSEL

Front 61

VENTRICLE, BRAIN

Back 61

A SMALL HOLLOW WITHIN THE BRAIN THAT IS FILLED WITH CEREBROSPINAL FLUID