Medical Terminology Chapter 7

Front 1

biopsy

Back 1

removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination

Front 2

opsy

Back 2

view of

Front 3

endoscopic examination

Back 3

procedure using an endoscope to diagnose or treat a condition, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 4

upper gastrointestinal tract

Back 4

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach

Front 5

lower gastrointestinal tract

Back 5

large and small intestines, rectum, and anus

Front 6

dent

Back 6

teeth

Front 7

odont

Back 7

teeth

Front 8

gingiv

Back 8

gum

Front 9

gloss

Back 9

tongue

Front 10

lingu

Back 10

tongue

Front 11

or

Back 11

mouth

Front 12

stomat

Back 12

mouth

Front 13

ptyal

Back 13

saliva

Front 14

sial

Back 14

saliva, salivary gland

Front 15

esophag

Back 15

esophagus

Front 16

gatro

Back 16

stomach

Front 17

pharyng

Back 17

pharynx

Front 18

pylor

Back 18

pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of the stomach that opens into the duodenum)

Front 19

duoden

Back 19

duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

Front 20

enter

Back 20

intestine- usually small intestine

Front 21

jejun

Back 21

jejunum- second part of small intestine

Front 22

ile

Back 22

ileum- third part of small intestine

Front 23

an

Back 23

anus

Front 24

append

Back 24

appendix

Front 25

appendic

Back 25

appendix

Front 26

col

Back 26

colon

Front 27

colon

Back 27

colon

Front 28

proct

Back 28

anus, rectum

Front 29

rect

Back 29

rectum

Front 30

sigmoid

Back 30

sigmoid colon

Front 31

cholangi

Back 31

bile vessel

Front 32

chol/e

Back 32

bile, gall

Front 33

cholecyst

Back 33

gallbaldder

Front 34

choledoch

Back 34

bile duct

Front 35

hepat

Back 35

liver

Front 36

pancreat

Back 36

pancreas

Front 37

algia

Back 37

pain

Front 38

dynia

Back 38

pain

Front 39

emesis

Back 39

vomiting

Front 40

iasis

Back 40

abnormal condition- produced by something specified

Front 41

megaly

Back 41

enlargement

Front 42

orexia

Back 42

appetite

Front 43

osis

Back 43

abnormal condition; increase- primarily with blood cells

Front 44

pepsia

Back 44

digestion

Front 45

phagia

Back 45

swallowing, eating

Front 46

prandial

Back 46

meal

Front 47

rrhea

Back 47

discharge, flow

Front 48

endo

Back 48

in, within

Front 49

hemat

Back 49

blood

Front 50

hypo

Back 50

under, below, deficient

Front 51

appendicitis

Back 51

inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed appendix and antibiotic therapy

Front 52

ascites

Back 52

pathological build up of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity due to liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure

Front 53

borborygmus

Back 53

gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestines

Front 54

cirrhossi

Back 54

chronic liver diesease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

Front 55

cirrh

Back 55

yellow

Front 56

diverticular disease

Back 56

formation of bulging pouches throughout the colon, but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon

Front 57

dysentery

Back 57

inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps

Front 58

fistula

Back 58

abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities such as the rectum and the vagina or a body cavity to the skin caused by an injury infection or inflammation

Front 59

gastroesophageal reflux disease - GERD

Back 59

backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter

Front 60

hematochezia

Back 60

passage of bright red, bloody stools commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of CA

Front 61

hemorrhoid

Back 61

mass of enlarged, twisted varicose vein in the mucous membrane inside or just outside the rectum; aka called piles

Front 62

hernia

Back 62

protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

Front 63

strangulated

Back 63

hernia in which the protruding viscus is so tightly trapped that it leads to necrosis with gangrene results, requiring immediate surgery

Front 64

inflammatory bowl disease (IBD)

Back 64

disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines

Front 65

crohn disease

Back 65

chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract and is distinguished form closely related bowel disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented; aka called regional colitis

Front 66

ulcerative colitis

Back 66

chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood, and pain

Front 67

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 67

common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon, aka spastic colon

Front 68

jaundice

Back 68

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood; aka hyperbilirubinemia

Front 69

jaund

Back 69

yellow

Front 70

ice

Back 70

noun, ending

Front 71

obesity

Back 71

condition in which body weight exceeds the range of normal or healthy, which is characterized as a body mass index greater than 25

Front 72

morbid obesity

Back 72

more severe obesity in which a person has a body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 lb or more over ideal body weight

Front 73

ulcer

Back 73

open sore that may result from a perforation or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

Front 74

volvulus

Back 74

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstuction

Front 75

barium enema (BE)

Back 75

radiogrpahic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate into the rectum. BE is used for diagnosis of obstructions, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis

Front 76

barium swallow

Back 76

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate aka GI series

Front 77

cholangiography

Back 77

Radiographic examination of the bile ducts with contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts

Front 78

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Back 78

Visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using an endoscope aka upper GI endoscopy

Front 79

stool guaiac

Back 79

test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on visual inspection; aka hemoccult test

Front 80

bariatric surgery

Back 80

any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obestiy

Front 81

vertical branded gastroplasty

Back 81

bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

Front 82

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Back 82

Bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch andthe the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the non functioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fates

Front 83

colostomy

Back 83

excision of a diseased part of the colon and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

Front 84

lithotripsy

Back 84

eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it.

Front 85

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Back 85

use of shock wave as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts.

Front 86

nasogastric intubation

Back 86

insertion of a soft plastic nasogastric tube through the nostrils, past the pharynx, and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach; deliver medication, food or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

Front 87

polypectomy

Back 87

excision of small, tumorlike, benign growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

Front 88

antacids

Back 88

neutralized acids in the stomach

Front 89

antidiarrheals

Back 89

control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract

Front 90

antiemetics

Back 90

control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

Front 91

laxatives

Back 91

relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through the lower GI tract

Front 92

gallstones

Back 92

choleliths