Medical Terminology Chapter 5

Front 1

angioplasty

Back 1

surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

Front 2

arteries

Back 2

large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Front 3

capillaries

Back 3

microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules

Front 4

congenital

Back 4

pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes

Front 5

metabolism

Back 5

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

Front 6

myocardium

Back 6

middle layer of the walls of heart that is composed of cardiac muscle

Front 7

veins

Back 7

vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

Front 8

The cardiovascular system is composed of what?

Back 8

heart, and blood vessels

Front 9

aneurysm

Back 9

widening, widened blood vessel

Front 10

arterio

Back 10

artery

Front 11

ather

Back 11

fatty plaque

Front 12

atri

Back 12

atrium

Front 13

cardio

Back 13

heart

Front 14

coron

Back 14

heart

Front 15

phleb

Back 15

vein

Front 16

ven

Back 16

vein

Front 17

thromb

Back 17

blood clot

Front 18

varic

Back 18

dilated vein

Front 19

vas

Back 19

vessel; vas defernes; duct

Front 20

vascul

Back 20

vessel

Front 21

ventricul

Back 21

ventricle (of heart or brain)

Front 22

cardia

Back 22

heart condition

Front 23

gram

Back 23

record, writing

Front 24

graph

Back 24

instrument for recording

Front 25

graphy

Back 25

process of recording

Front 26

stenosis

Back 26

narrowing, stricture

Front 27

brady

Back 27

slow

Front 28

endo

Back 28

in, within

Front 29

epi

Back 29

above, upon

Front 30

peri

Back 30

around

Front 31

aneurysm

Back 31

localized dilation of a blood vessel wall (usually an artery) due to congenital defect or weakness in the vessel wall

Front 32

angina pectoris

Back 32

mild to serve pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; aka angina

Front 33

arrhythmia

Back 33

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; aka dysrhythmia

Front 34

fibrillation

Back 34

irregular, random contraction of heart fibers that commonly occurs in the atria or ventricles of the heart and is usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation

Front 35

arteriosclerosis

Back 35

thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls

Front 36

atherosclerosis

Back 36

most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and eventually, total blockage

Front 37

ather

Back 37

fatty plaque

Front 38

bruit

Back 38

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

Front 39

embolus

Back 39

mass of undissolved matter that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel

Front 40

embol

Back 40

embulus; plug

Front 41

heart block

Back 41

disease of the electriacal system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle

Front 42

first degree heart block

Back 42

Atrioventricular block in which the atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles

Front 43

second degree heart block

Back 43

AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles

Front 44

third degree heart block

Back 44

AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; aka complete heart block

Front 45

heart failure

Back 45

condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the metabolic requirement of body tissues; formerly called congestive heart failure

Front 46

hypertension

Back 46

consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart

Front 47

ischemia

Back 47

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow

Front 48

isch

Back 48

to hold back

Front 49

mitral valve prolapse

Back 49

structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve does not close completely, resulting in a back flow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction

Front 50

murmur

Back 50

abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the valves or chambers of the heart

Front 51

myocardial infarction

Back 51

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; aka heart attack

Front 52

patent ductus arteriosus

Back 52

failure of the ductus arteriosus (which conncects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Front 53

raynaud disease

Back 53

severe, sudden vasoconstriciton and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; aka raynaud phenomemon

Front 54

rheumatic heart disease

Back 54

streptococcal infraction that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscles, most commonly in children and young adults

Front 55

stroke

Back 55

damage to part of the brain due to interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery aka cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Front 56

thrombus

Back 56

stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascualar obstruction; aka blood clot

Front 57

deep vein thrombosis

Back 57

formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the iliac and femoral veins.

Front 58

transient ischem (TIA)

Back 58

blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke in the future; aka ministroke

Front 59

cardiac catherterization

Back 59

insertion of a small tube through an incision into a large vein, usually of an arm or leg, that is then threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart

Front 60

cardiac enzyme studies

Back 60

battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage

Front 61

echocardiography (ECHO)

Back 61

ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart's chambers and valves are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditons

Front 62

electrocardiography (ECG)

Back 62

creation and study of graphic recording produced by electric activity generated by the heart muscle; also cardiography

Front 63

holter monitor

Back 63

monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph reading on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activites

Front 64

stress test

Back 64

electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exerise stress conditions (typically) using a treadmill while measuring oxygen consumption

Front 65

nuclear

Back 65

ECG that utilizes a radioiostope to evaluate coronary blood flow

Front 66

troponin I

Back 66

blood test that measures protein released into the blood by damaged heart muscle and is a highly sensitive specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction

Front 67

angioplasty

Back 67

surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

Front 68

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Back 68

Angioplasty in which peripheral vein are removed and each end of the vein in sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

Front 69

cardioversion

Back 69

restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical countershock to the chest using a deviced called a defibrillator

Front 70

Defibrillator

Back 70

device used to administer a defribillating electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm

Front 71

automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)

Back 71

surgically implanted electrical device that automatically detects and corrects a potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low energy shocks to the heart, aka implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Front 72

automatic external defibrillator (AED)

Back 72

portable computerized device the analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

Front 73

endarterectomy

Back 73

surgical removal of the lining of an artery

Front 74

carotid endarterectomy

Back 74

removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke

Front 75

endovenous laser therapy (EVLT)

Back 75

treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causeing it to collaspe, shricnk and eventually disappear, ak called endovenous lar=ser ablation.

Front 76

sclerotherapy

Back 76

chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein

Front 77

valuloplasty

Back 77

insertion of a balloon catherter in a blood vessel in the groin though the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow, aka percutaneous valvuloplasty

Front 78

antiocogulants

Back 78

prevent the clotting or coagulation of blood

Front 79

beta blockers

Back 79

slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, thereby lowering blood pressure

Front 80

nitrates

Back 80

relieve chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure

Front 81

statins

Back 81

reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol

Front 82

thrombyolytics

Back 82

dissolve bood clots in a process known as thrombolysis

Front 83

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Back 83

condition that involves narrowing of the coronary arteries, resulting in failure of the arteries to deliver an adequate supply of oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.