Medical Terminology - Chapter 14 Endocrine

Front 1

adren/o

Back 1

adrenal glands

Hint 1

adrenomegaly - enlargement of the adrenal glands.

Front 2

adrenal/o

Back 2

adrenal glands

Hint 2

adrenalectomy - excision of one or both of the adrenal glands.

Front 3

calc/o

Back 3

calcium

Hint 3

hypercalcemia - excessive calcium in the blood.

Front 4

crin/o

Back 4

secrete

Hint 4

endocrinology - study of endocrine glands and their function.

Front 5

gluc/o

Back 5

sugar; sweetness

Hint 5

glucogenesis - forming or producing glucose.

Front 6

glyc/o

Back 6

sugar; sweetness

Hint 6

hypoglycemia - abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood. Usually caused by the administration of too much insulin, excessive secretion of insulin, or dietary deficiency.

Front 7

glycos/o

Back 7

sugar; sweetness

Hint 7

glycosuria - abnormal amount of glucose in urine.

Front 8

home/o

Back 8

same; alike

Hint 8

homeostasis - state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body.

Front 9

kal/i

Back 9

potassium

Hint 9

kalemia - potassium in the blood.

Front 10

pancreat/o

Back 10

pancreas

Hint 10

pancreatotomy - incision of the pancreas.

Front 11

parathyroid/o

Back 11

parathyroid gland

Hint 11

parathyroidectomy - excision of one or ore of the parathyroid gland.

Front 12

thym/o

Back 12

thymus glands

Hint 12

thymoma - tumor of the thymus gland. It is a rare neoplasm of the thymus gland. Treatment includes surgical removal, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Front 13

thyr/o

Back 13

thyroid gland

Hint 13

thyromegaly - enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Front 14

thyroid/o

Back 14

thyroid gland

Hint 14

hyperthyroidism - condition of excessive thyroid gland function.

Front 15

toxic/o

Back 15

poison

Hint 15

toxicologist - specialist in the study of poisons.

Front 16

-crine

Back 16

secrete

Hint 16

endocrine - secrete internally or within.

Front 17

-dipsia

Back 17

thirst

Hint 17

polydipsia - excessive thirst. Polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria are all associated with diabetes.

Front 18

-gen

Back 18

forming, producing

Hint 18

androgen - any steroid hormone that increases masculinization.

Front 19

-toxic

Back 19

poison

Hint 19

thyrotoxic - pertaining to the toxic activity of the thyroid gland.

Front 20

-uria

Back 20

urine

Hint 20

glycosuria - glucose in the urine.

Front 21

eu-

Back 21

good, normal

Hint 21

euthyroid - resembling a normal thyroid gland.

Front 22

exo-

Back 22

outside; outward

Hint 22

exocrine - secrete outwardly.

Front 23

hyper-

Back 23

excessive

Hint 23

hyperglycemia - condition of excess sugar in the blood. Consistent with diabetes patients or those treated with drugs such as prednisone.

Front 24

hypo-

Back 24

under, below

Hint 24

hypoinsulinism - condition of deficiency of insulin.

Front 25

poly-

Back 25

many, much

Hint 25

polyuria - excessive urination. Causes include diabetes, use of diuretics, excessive fluid intake, and hypercalcemia.

Front 26

antagonistic

Back 26

acting in opposition, mutually opposing

Front 27

hormone produced by pancreatic cells that stimulate the liver to change glycogen to glucose

Back 27

glucagon

Front 28

simple sugar that is the end product of carb digestion

Back 28

glucose

Front 29

hormone produced by the beta cells that allows body cells to use glucose for energy or sotore it in the liver

Back 29

insulin

Front 30

epi and norepi are __________.

Back 30

sympathomimetics; bc the produce effects that mimic those brought about by the symp. nervous system

Front 31

another name for pituitary gland

Back 31

hypophysis; master gland

Front 32

the largests gland of the endocrine system

Back 32

thyroid

Front 33

what separates the 2 lobes of the thyroid?

Back 33

isthmus

Front 34

consists of at least 4 separate glands located on the post surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland

Back 34

parathyroid glands

Front 35

paired organs covering the superior surface of the kidneys

Back 35

adrenal glands

Front 36

adrenal steroid hormones (3) types:

Back 36

1. mineralcorticoids (ex: aldosterone)

2. glucocorticoids (cortisol)

3. sex hormones (androgens, estrogens)

Front 37

this lies inferior to the stomach in a bend of the duodenum

Back 37

pancreas

Front 38

Does the pancreas works as a exocrine or endocrine gland?

Back 38

trick question! it works as both

Front 39

form of hypothyroidism in child

Back 39

cretinism

Front 40

when hypothyroidism develops in adulthood it is known as

Back 40

myxedema

Front 41

HYPERthyroidism is most commonly caused by:

Back 41

Graves disease or toxic goiter

Front 42

exophthalmos is

Back 42

protruding eyes associated with graves/hyperthyroid

Front 43

decreased calcium causes twitching known as

Back 43

tetany

Front 44

excessive production of PTH

Back 44

HYPERparathyroidism

Front 45

insufficent production of PTH

Back 45

HYPOparathyroidism

Front 46

excessive PTH can cause

Back 46

deminerization of bone (osteitis fibrosa cystica) leading to porous bones (osteoporosis)