Medical Terminology Chapter 12

Front 1

Nervous or neural

Back 1

Pertaining to a nerve or nerves

Front 2

Nerve fibers

Back 2

Refers to axons and dendrites

Front 3

Meninges

Back 3

Three membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord

Front 4

Myelin

Back 4

A fatty substance that acts as insulation on many axons so they conduct electrical impulses faster

Front 5

Neurotransmitter

Back 5

Chemical Messengers found between the nerves that do not connect directly

Front 6

4 groups of nervous system

Back 6

Sensory function, integrative function, motor functions, homeostasis function

Front 7

Sensory function

Back 7

Detects changes inside and outside of the body

Front 8

Integrative function

Back 8

Changes response depending on outside stimulation(mental)

Front 9

Motor function

Back 9

Physical response to stimuli

Front 10

Homeostatic function

Back 10

Management of hormonal release (dynamic equalibrium)

Front 11

CNS

Back 11

Limited to the brain and spinal chord

Front 12

PNS

Back 12

Relays signals to and from the CNS to the rest of the body, including receptor cells

Front 13

3 divisions of PNS

Back 13

Direction of nerve signals, voluntary status if motor neurons, impulses that stimulate or relax the body (sympathetic vs parasympathetic)

Front 14

2 directions of nerve signals

Back 14

Sensory or afferent (toward the CNS), and motor or efferent (away from the CNS)

Front 15

2 types of motor neurons

Back 15

Voluntary or somatic nerves (conscious activity of muscles), and involuntary or autonomic or visceral nerves (without conscious effort)

Front 16

2 reactions of the autonomic system

Back 16

Sympathetic system (stimulate organ activity), and parasympathetic system (relaxation of an organ)

Front 17

2 types of cells in the nervous system

Back 17

Neurons (conduct impulses to and from the CNS), and neurolgia (cells that provide support and protection to neurons)

Front 18

3 parts of a nerve cell body

Back 18

Cell body (contains nucleus), axon (carries impulses away from the cell body), dendrites (carry signals toward the cell body)

Front 19

Blood brain barrier (BBB)

Back 19

Physical barrier between the brain and the blood (protection)

Front 20

Myelin sheath

Back 20

Lipids that cover axons (helps conduction of impulses within the nervous system)

Front 21

White matter

Back 21

Myelinated axons

Front 22

Grey matter

Back 22

Axons with no myelinated sheath

Front 23

Synapse

Back 23

Space between nerves

Front 24

Neuromuscular

Back 24

Pertains to both nerves and muscles

Front 25

Three layers of the meninges

Back 25

Durable mater (tough outer layer), arachnoid layer (middle layer), and piano mater (innermost layer)

Front 26

Subdural

Back 26

Below the dura mater (area above the arachnoid layer)

Front 27

Cerebrum

Back 27

Largest portion of the brain

Front 28

Diencephalon

Back 28

Consists of both thalamus and hypothalamus

Front 29

Brain stem

Back 29

Inferior to thalamus, contains medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Front 30

Cerebellum

Back 30

Posterior of brain stem, inferior of the cerebrum

Front 31

Foramen magnum

Back 31

Opening of the skull that allows to connection of the spinal column and brain

Front 32

Cerebral hemispheres

Back 32

The left and right halves of the brain

Front 33

The 5 lobes of the cerebrum

Back 33

Frontal lobe(anterior), occipital lobe (posterior), parietal lobe(top of cerebrum), temporal lobe (left and right of cerebrum), and insula lobe (the center of the brain)

Front 34

Spinal chord

Back 34

Long chord that extends from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region of the spine

Front 35

Cauda equina

Back 35

Nerves that fan out from the end of the spinal cord

Front 36

Spinal canal

Back 36

Space within the vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes

Front 37

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 37

(CSF) surrounded by meninges and surrounds the spinal cord and brain

Front 38

Ventricles

Back 38

Four cavities in the brain that form cerebral spinal fluid

Front 39

Cranial nerve

Back 39

12 nerves that split off from the brain

Front 40

Spinal nerve

Back 40

Nerves that split off from the spinal cord

Front 41

Receptor

Back 41

Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimulation

Front 42

(EEG)

Back 42

Electroencephalogram (record of the brain's electrical patterns)

Front 43

Glasgow Coma Scale

Back 43

A system for assessing the degree of conscious impairment comma involves I involves eye-opening, verbal response, and motor response

Front 44

Computed tomography

Back 44

CT or MRI scan

Front 45

Aphasia

Back 45

Loss of ability to speak caused by brain damage

Front 46

Ataxia

Back 46

Lack of muscle coordination due to disease or neural damage

Front 47

Dysphasia

Back 47

Difficulty speaking due to brain disease or damage

Front 48

Algesia

Back 48

Pain caused by activation of receptors or nerve damage

Front 49

Cephalgia

Back 49

A headache

Front 50

Migraine headaches

Back 50

Chronic neurological disorder

Front 51

Cerebral concussion

Back 51

Temporary loss of certain brain functions

Front 52

Cerebral contusion

Back 52

Bruising of the brain tissue, likely to heal

Front 53

Sycopy

Back 53

Fainting or passing out

Front 54

Epidural hematoma

Back 54

Bleeding located above the dura mater

Front 55

Two types of Strokes

Back 55

Ischemic strokes, and hemorrhagic Strokes

Front 56

Ischemic Strokes

Back 56

Partial blockage of a cerebral artery leading to dysfunction of the brain tissue

Front 57

Ischemia

Back 57

Restriction of blood supply to tissues

Front 58

Hemorrhagic Strokes

Back 58

Caused by rupture of the cerebral artery comma may be preceded by an aneurysm

Front 59

Hydrocephalus

Back 59

Too much CSF within the skull

Front 60

Febrile seizure

Back 60

Caesar associated with high body temperature

Front 61

Agoraphobia

Back 61

Abnormal fear of public places

Front 62

Alges/o

Back 62

Sense of pain

Front 63

Angi/o

Back 63

Vessel

Front 64

Astr/o

Back 64

Star

Front 65

Cephal/o

Back 65

Head

Front 66

Clon/o

Back 66

Rapid Contracting and relaxing

Front 67

Dur/o

Back 67

Dura mater

Front 68

Encephal/o

Back 68

Brain

Front 69

Esthesi/o

Back 69

Sensation, feeling

Front 70

Gli/o

Back 70

Glue

Front 71

Isch/o

Back 71

To hold back

Front 72

Ment/o

Back 72

Mind

Front 73

Myel/o

Back 73

Spinal chord

Front 74

My/o

Back 74

Muscle

Front 75

Poli/o

Back 75

Grey matter

Front 76

Pont/o

Back 76

Pons

Front 77

Radicul/o

Back 77

Nerve root

Front 78

Scler/o

Back 78

Hard

Front 79

Thec/o

Back 79

Sheath

Front 80

Tom/o

Back 80

Cut

Front 81

Ton/o

Back 81

Tone

Front 82

-asthenia

Back 82

Weakness

Front 83

-cele

Back 83

Protrusion

Front 84

-ion

Back 84

Action

Front 85

-paresis

Back 85

Weakness

Front 86

-phasia

Back 86

Speech

Front 87

-plegia

Back 87

Paralysis

Front 88

-rrhaphy

Back 88

Suture

Front 89

-taxia

Back 89

Muscle coordination

Front 90

-trophic

Back 90

Pertaining to development