Medical Terminology Chapter 11

Front 1

angi/o

Back 1

vessel

Front 2

arteri/o

Back 2

artery

Front 3

arteriol/o

Back 3

arteriole

Front 4

ather/o

Back 4

deposit of pasty material

Front 5

atri/o

Back 5

atrium

Front 6

brady

Back 6

slow

Front 7

cardi/o

Back 7

heart

Front 8

coron/o

Back 8

crown or circle

Front 9

phleb/o

Back 9

vein

Front 10

scler/o

Back 10

hardening

Front 11

sept/o

Back 11

partition

Front 12

sphygm/o

Back 12

relating to the pulse

Front 13

sten/o

Back 13

narrowing, constriction

Front 14

steth/o

Back 14

chest

Front 15

thromb/o

Back 15

blood clot

Front 16

varic/o

Back 16

twisted, swollen vein

Front 17

vas/o

Back 17

vessel

Front 18

vascul/o

Back 18

vessel

Front 19

ven/o

Back 19

vein

Front 20

ventricul/o

Back 20

ventricle

Front 21

aorta

Back 21

main artery in the body

Front 22

apex
(apices)

Back 22

pointed portion of the heart at the lowe edge directed toward the midline (the base is at the top of the heart)

Front 23

arteriole

Back 23

small vessels in the body responsible for blood pressure; they lead into the capillaries

Front 24

artery

Back 24

blood vessels that carries blood away from the heart

Front 25

atrioventricluar node

Back 25

area of the heart responsible for the conduction of electrical impulses

Front 26

atrium

Back 26

upper chamber of the heart

Front 27

biscuspid valve

Back 27

mitral valve (atrioventricular valve) that has two cusps located between the left atrium and ventricle

Front 28

bundle of HIS

Back 28

group of nerve fibers that conduct the electrical impulses through the heart muscle (antrioventricular bundle)

Front 29

capillary

Back 29

smallest unti of the vascular system; location of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Front 30

chordae tendineae

Back 30

stringlike structures that connect the AV valves to the wall of the heart

Front 31

diastole

Back 31

relaxation of the heart muscle

Front 32

diastolic pressure

Back 32

perpesents the minimum arterial pressure; the bottom number of the recording of the blood

Front 33

epicardium

Back 33

membrane that forms the inner layer of the pericardium; covers the myocardium

Front 34

lumen

Back 34

cavity of a blood vessel

Front 35

mitral valve

Back 35

biscuspid valve located between the left atrium and ventricle (named for mitered hat that bishops wear)

Front 36

pericardium

Back 36

membrane that surrounds the heart

Front 37

pulse

Back 37

dilation of an artery from the contraction of the heart causing blood to be sent into the vessel

Front 38

Purkinje fibers

Back 38

specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles that are part of the heart's conduction system; they relay impulses from the AV node to the ventricles, causing them to contract

Front 39

seminlunar valves

Back 39

valves located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart

Front 40

systole

Back 40

contraction of the heart muscle

Front 41

systolic pressure

Back 41

maximum arterial pressure during each cardiac cycle (recorded as tht top number in blood pressure)

Front 42

tricuspid valve

Back 42

valve located between the right atrium and ventricle

Front 43

vein

Back 43

vessel that carries blood toward the heart

Front 44

vena cave

Back 44

largest vein in the body

Front 45

ventricles

Back 45

actual pumping chambers of the heart

Front 46

venules

Back 46

small vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins

Front 47

atrial septal defect
(ASD)

Back 47

abnormal opening in the atrial septum resulting in excessive pulmonary blood flow

Front 48

coarctation of the aorta

Back 48

severe narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta; may have aortic valve defect; the left ventricle overworks

Front 49

patent ductus arteriosus
(PDA)

Back 49

persistence of the opening of the ductus arteriosus

Front 50

tetralogy of Fallot

Back 50

abnormality consisting of four defects:
(1) pulmonary artery stenosis
(2) ventricular septal defect
(3) right ventricular hypertrophy, and
(4) dextroposition of the aorta

Front 51

ventricular septal defect
(VSD)

Back 51

abnormal opening in the septum between ventricles

Front 52

aortic regurgitation

Back 52

blood regurgitates back through the aortic valve into the left ventricle during diastole

Front 53

aortic stenosis

Back 53

aortic valve cusps restrict flow of blood during systole owing to calcification

Front 54

mitral regurgitation

Back 54

blood regurgitates back through the mitral valve into the left atrium

Front 55

mitral stenosis

Back 55

mitral valve does not open properly as a result of calcification

Front 56

pulmonic regurgitation

Back 56

blood flows backward through an incompetent pulmonic valve from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle

Front 57

pulmonic stenosis

Back 57

calcification of pulmonic valve restricts forward flow of blood

Front 58

tricuspid regurgitation

Back 58

blood regurgitates back through the tricuspid valve into the right atrium

Front 59

tricuspid stenosis

Back 59

tricuspid valve does not open properly because of calcification, impeding the flow of blood into the right ventricle during diastole

Front 60

bruit

Back 60

type of turbulent flow of blood that can be heard in the neck

Front 61

gallop

Back 61

very rapid heart beat that sound like a horse's gallop

Front 62

murmur

Back 62

abnormal heart sound that represents turbulent blood flow within the the heart

Front 63

rub

Back 63

friction heard as a grating sound from inflamed pericardial surface rubbing during heart's contraction

Front 64

rumble

Back 64

low-pitched murmur

Front 65

thrill

Back 65

type of heart sound that can be felt as a vibration by placing the hand over the heart

Front 66

angina pectoris

Back 66

severe pain in the chest (and often other areas such as arm, jaw, and back) caused by decreased blood flow (insufficient oxygen) to the heart

Front 67

arrhythmia

Back 67

irregular heart rhythm

Front 68

bradycardia

Back 68

slow heartbeat

Front 69

cardiomegaly

Back 69

enlargement of the heart

Front 70

clubbing

Back 70

club-shaped digits resulting from decreased blood flow and oxygenation

Front 71

congestive heart failure

Back 71

condition in which the heart and vessels have difficulty pumping blood and perfusing the body

Front 72

cor pulmonale

Back 72

enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart resulting from diseases in the lungs and pulmonary arteries

Front 73

ectopic beats
ectopia

Back 73

heartbeat outside of the regular rate and rhythm; originates outside of the normal SA node regulation

Front 74

endocarditis

Back 74

inflammation of the endocardium

Front 75

fibrillation

Back 75

extremelly rapid heartbeats in which the heart muscle fibers are beating at different times and unable to be synchronous

Front 76

heart block

Back 76

partial or complete block of the electrical impulses from the SA node

Front 77

heart block

Back 77

partial or complete block of the elecrical impulses from the SA node

Front 78

infarct

Back 78

death of a part of the heart because of decreased blood supply

Front 79

ischemia

Back 79

decreased blood flow

Front 80

mammary souffle

Back 80

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation of the pregnant female's heart because of increased vascularity in breasts

Front 81

myocardial infarction

Back 81

decreased blood flow to the heart leading to tissue death of the heart muscle itself

Front 82

myocarditis

Back 82

inflammation of the heart muscle

Front 83

palpitation

Back 83

feeling of the heartbeat within the chest

Front 84

paroxysmal tachycardia

Back 84

suddent onset of rapid heartbeats

Front 85

pericarditis

Back 85

inflammation of the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart

Front 86

tachycardia

Back 86

rapid heartbeat

Front 87

aneurysm

Back 87

balloonlike swelling or outpouching of an artery

Front 88

arteriosclerosis

Back 88

condition in which the walls of the small arteries are hardened

Front 89

arteriostenosis

Back 89

narrowing of the arteries

Front 90

arteritis

Back 90

inflammation of an artery

Front 91

atherosclerosis

Back 91

blockage caused by lipid deposits in the arteries

Front 92

embolism

Back 92

obstruction of a vessel

Front 93

hyperlipemia

Back 93

increased fatty substances (lipids) in the blood

Front 94

hypertension

Back 94

increased blood pressure

Front 95

hypotension

Back 95

decreased blood pressure

Front 96

phlebitis

Back 96

inflammation of a vein

Front 97

Raynaud's disease
(phenomenon, syndrome)

Back 97

cyanosis of the fingers due to arterial contraction; usually caused by cold

Front 98

superior vena cava syndrome

Back 98

obstruction of the superior vena cava causing swelling of the vessels of the neck, coughing, and difficulty breathing

Front 99

thrombophlebitis

Back 99

inflammation in a vein caused by a thrombus formation (blood clot)

Front 100

thrombosis

Back 100

clot formation in the blood vessels

Front 101

thrombus

Back 101

blood clot

Front 102

varicose vein

Back 102

dilated and twisted vein usually found in the legs

Front 103

vasoconstriction

Back 103

narrowing of a vessel

Front 104

vasodilation

Back 104

dilation of a vessel

Front 105

vasospasm

Back 105

involuntary contraction in a vein

Front 106

angiectomy

Back 106

removal of a blood vessel

Front 107

angiogram

Back 107

procedure to determine the flow of blood through the heart and main vessels; a catheter is insered into a main vessel and threaded into the coronary artery; dye is injected through the catheter and the heart is visualized on a monitor

Front 108

angioplasty

Back 108

procedure to repair a vessel, usually a main vessel of the heart

Front 109

balloon angioplasty

Back 109

procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into the coronary artery and then inflated to push plaque against the vessel walls and free an obstruction

Front 110

coronary artery bypass graft
(CABG)

Back 110

procedure to remove sections of occluded vessels of the heart; a large vessel from another part of the body, usually the mammary artery or saphenous vein, is removed and attached to either end of the vessel (anastomosed)

Front 111

echocardiogram

Back 111

ultrasound that records the function of the valves and flow of blood through the heart

Front 112

high-density lipoprotein
(HDL)

Back 112

fatty substance (type of lipid) found in the blood that decreases the risk of heart attack

Front 113

low-density lipoprotein
(LDL)

Back 113

fatty substance (type of lipid) found in the blood that increases the risk of heart disease

Front 114

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasy
(PTCA)

Back 114

procedure in which a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into the coronary artery and then inflated to push plaque against the vessel walls and free an obstruction

Front 115

serum cholesterol

Back 115

blood test to determine the level of the lipid cholesterol in the blood

Front 116

thallium stress test

Back 116

the radioactive substance thallium is injected into the patient to enable visualization of the heart's action during activity (walking on a treadmill) and then resting after the exercise

Front 117

transesophageal echocardiography

Back 117

test to visualize the back of the heart by passing a tube through the throat and down the esophagus

Front 118

triglycerides

Back 118

fatty substances within the blood

Front 119

angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors:

use

Back 119

prevent vasoconstriction

Front 120

angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors:

Generic Name

Back 120

captopril
enalapril maleate
quinapril hydrochloride
ramipril

Front 121

angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors:

Brand name

Back 121

Capoten
Vasotec
Accupril
Altace

Front 122

Antianginals:

use

Back 122

relieve the pain of acute angina by causing relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilatation of peripheral arteries and veins

Front 123

Antianginals:

Generic Name

Back 123

isosorbide dinatrate
nitroglycerin

Front 124

Antianginals:

Brand Name

Back 124

Isordil
Nitrolingual (spray)
Nitrostat (sublingual)
Minitran (patch)

Front 125

antiarrhythmic:

use

Back 125

corrects/improves abnormal rhythms

Front 126

antiarrhythmic:

Generic Name

Back 126

acebutolol hydrochloride
digoxin

Front 127

antiarrhythmic:

Brand Name

Back 127

Sectral

Lanoxin

Front 128

anticoagulants:

use

Back 128

keep blood flowing without thromboses; inhibit blood clotting

Front 129

anticoagulants:

Generic Name

Back 129

aspirin
enoxaparin (low-molecular-weight heparin)
heparin
warfarin sodium

Front 130

anticoagulants:

Brand Name

Back 130

Bufferin, Ecotrin
Lovenox

Hep-Lock
Coumadin

Front 131

beta adrenergic blockers:

use

Back 131

block certain receptors in the heart to decrease the heart rate and the force of contraction

Front 132

beta adrenergic blockers:

Generic Name

Back 132

atenolol
proranolol hydrochloride

Front 133

beta adrenergic blockers:

Brand Name

Back 133

Tenormin
Inderal, Innopran XL

Front 134

calcium channel blockers:

use

Back 134

inhibit calcium flow into muscle cells, leading to muscle relaxation

Front 135

calcium channel blockers:

Generic Name

Back 135

nifedipine
verapamil hydrochloride
diltiazem hydrochloride

Front 136

calcium channel blockers:

Brand Name

Back 136

Adalat CC, Procardia AL
Calan, Verelan

Cardizem, Dilacor XR

Front 137

diuretics:

use

Back 137

decrease fluid retention by promoting increased urinary output (diuresis)

Front 138

diuretics:

Generic Name

Back 138

furosemide
hydrochlorothiazide

Front 139

diuretics:

Brand Name

Back 139

Lasix
Aquazide H, Oretic

Front 140

hypolipidemics:

use

Back 140

decrease cholesterol level in the blood

Front 141

hypolipidemics:

Generic Name

Back 141

fluvastatin sodium
lovastatin
simvastatin

Front 142

protective agent:

use

Back 142

prevent cardiotoxicity from doxorubicin

Front 143

protective agent:

Generic Name

Back 143

dexrazoxane

Front 144

protective agent:

Brand Name

Back 144

Zinecard

Front 145

ACG

Back 145

angiocardiography

Front 146

AS

Back 146

aortic stenosis

Front 147

ASD

Back 147

atrial septal defect

Front 148

ASHD

Back 148

arteriosclerotic heart disease

Front 149

BBB

Back 149

bundle-branch block

Front 150

CAD

Back 150

coronary artery disease

Front 151

CC

Back 151

cardiac catheterization

Front 152

CCU

Back 152

coronary care unit

Front 153

CF

Back 153

circumflex (artery)

Front 154

CHF

Back 154

congestive heart failure

Front 155

CPR

Back 155

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Front 156

CV

Back 156

cardiovascular

Front 157

DVT

Back 157

deep vein thrombosis

Front 158

ECG or EKG

Back 158

electrocardiogram

Front 159

ICA

Back 159

internal carotid artery

Front 160

IMA

Back 160

internal mammary artery

Front 161

IV

Back 161

intravenous

Front 162

LAD

Back 162

left anterior descending coronary artery

Front 163

LCA

Back 163

left coronary artery

Front 164

LCF

Back 164

left circumflex

Front 165

LIMA

Back 165

left internal mammary artery

Front 166

LMCA

Back 166

left main coronary artery

Front 167

LPA

Back 167

left pulmonary artery

Front 168

LCF

Back 168

left circumflex

Front 169

LIMA

Back 169

left internal mammary artery

Front 170

LMCA

Back 170

left main coronary artery

Front 171

LPA

Back 171

left pulmonary artery