Medical Terminology Ch.4

Front 1

Muscle fibers

Back 1

Long, slender cells that make up muscles

Front 2

Fascia

Back 2

Band of connective tissue that envelopes, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles

Front 3

Tendon

Back 3

Band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to bone

Front 4

Skeletal muscles

Back 4

Attached to the bones of the skeleton a and make body motion possible

Front 5

Smooth muscles

Back 5

Located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, vessels, and ducts leading from glands

Front 6

Myocardial muscles

Back 6

Form the muscular walls of the heart

Front 7

Muscle innervation

Back 7

The stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

Front 8

Neuromuscular

Back 8

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

Front 9

Abduction

Back 9

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

Front 10

Adduction

Back 10

Movement of limb toward the midline of the body

Front 11

Flexion

Back 11

Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

Front 12

Extension

Back 12

Increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

Front 13

Hyperextension

Back 13

Extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

Front 14

Elevation

Back 14

Raising or lifting a body part

Front 15

Depression

Back 15

Lowering a body part

Front 16

Rotation

Back 16

Circular movement around an axis

Front 17

Circumduction

Back 17

Circular movement at the far end of a limb

Front 18

Supination

Back 18

Rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward

Front 19

Pronation

Back 19

Rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

Front 20

Dorsiflextion

Back 20

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

Front 21

Plantar flexion

Back 21

Movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

Front 22

Origin

Back 22

Where the muscle begins..less moveable part

Front 23

Insertion

Back 23

Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

Front 24

Mastiod

Back 24

Muscle inserts at one point of insertion into the mastiod process

Front 25

Pectoralis major

Back 25

Thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall

Front 26

Lateralis

Back 26

Toward the side

Front 27

Medialis

Back 27

Toward the midline

Front 28

Vastus medialis

Back 28

Toward the midline of the leg

Front 29

Oblique

Back 29

Slanted or at an angle

Front 30

Rectus

Back 30

Straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

Front 31

Sphincter

Back 31

Ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

Front 32

Transverse

Back 32

Crosswise direction

Front 33

Biceps brachii

Back 33

Biceps..

Front 34

Triceps brachii

Back 34

Triceps

Front 35

Deltoid muscle

Back 35

Located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle

Front 36

Frontalis

Back 36

Muscles in the forehead

Front 37

Temporalis

Back 37

Move the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

Front 38

Masseter muscle

Back 38

Strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

Front 39

Pectoralis major

Back 39

Makes up bulk of the chest muscles

Front 40

External oblique

Back 40

Rotate the vertebrae vertebral column. They also flex the torso and compress the abdomen

Front 41

Internal oblique muscles

Back 41

Flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe, and rotate the spine

Front 42

Rectus abdominis

Back 42

Helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine

Front 43

Transverse abdominis

Back 43

Side of abdomen. This core muscle is engaged when a person laughs or coughs

Front 44

Deltoid

Back 44

Cap of the shoulder

Front 45

Trapezius

Back 45

Moves the head and shoulder blade

Front 46

Rectus femoris

Back 46

Extends the leg at the knee

Front 47

Quadriceps femoris

Back 47

Flex and extend the leg at the knee

Front 48

Hamstring group

Back 48

Involved in knee flexion and hip extension

Front 49

Gastrocnemius

Back 49

Calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward

Front 50

Exercise phsiologist

Back 50

Specialist who works under a physician to develop exercise programs

Front 51

Neurologist

Back 51

Physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and simular muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function

Front 52

Physiatrist

Back 52

Physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation

Front 53

Fibromyalgia syndrome

Back 53

Chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain

Front 54

Tenosynovitis

Back 54

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Front 55

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Back 55

Chronic fatigue, that is not improved by rest

Front 56

Adhesion

Back 56

Band of fibrous tissues that hold structures together abnormally

Front 57

Atrophy

Back 57

Means weakness and wearing away of body tissues and structures

Front 58

Myalgia

Back 58

Tenderness or pain in the muscle

Front 59

Myocele

Back 59

Is the protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

Front 60

Myolysis

Back 60

Degeneration of muscle tissue

Front 61

Myorrhexis

Back 61

Rupture or tearing of a muscle

Front 62

Polymyositis

Back 62

Disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Front 63

Sarcopenia

Back 63

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

Front 64

Muscle tone

Back 64

Balanced muscle tension

Front 65

Atonic

Back 65

Lacking normal muscle tone

Front 66

Dystonia

Back 66

Abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

Front 67

Hypotonia

Back 67

Condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Front 68

Ataxia

Back 68

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Front 69

Contracture

Back 69

Permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

Front 70

Intermittent claudication

Back 70

Painter in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

Front 71

Spasm

Back 71

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

Front 72

Cramp

Back 72

Painful localized muscle spasm often named for its cause, such as menstrual cramps

Front 73

Spasmodic torticollis

Back 73

Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head towards the affected side

Front 74

Bradykinesia

Back 74

extreme slowness of movement

Front 75

Dyskinesia

Back 75

Distortion of impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm

Front 76

Hyperkinesia

Back 76

Abnormally increased muscle function or activity

Front 77

Myoclonus

Back 77

Sudden, jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

Front 78

Singultus

Back 78

Hiccups

Front 79

Myasthenia gravis

Back 79

Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction

Front 80

Repetitive stress disorders

Back 80

Variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work

Front 81

Compartment sydrome

Back 81

Compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling

Front 82

Overuse injuries

Back 82

Minor tissue injuries that have not been giving time to heal

Front 83

Stress fractures

Back 83

Overuse injuries

Front 84

Myofascial pain sydrome

Back 84

Chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body

Front 85

Impingement sydrome

Back 85

Inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

Front 86

Rotator cuff tendinitis

Back 86

Inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff

Front 87

Epicondylitis

Back 87

Inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow

Front 88

Heel spur

Back 88

Calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can cause plantar fasciitis

Front 89

Sprain

Back 89

Occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

Front 90

Strain

Back 90

Associated with overuse injuries that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment

Front 91

Shin splint

Back 91

Painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia

Front 92

Iliotibial band sydrome

Back 92

Overuse injury, band rubbing against bone, often in the area of the knee

Front 93

Spinal cord injury

Back 93

The higher on the spinal cord the injury occurs, the greater the area of the body that may be affected

Front 94

Myoparesis

Back 94

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Front 95

Hemiparesis

Back 95

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

Front 96

Hemiplegia

Back 96

Is total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

Front 97

Paraplegia

Back 97

Is the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

Front 98

Deep tendon reflexes

Back 98

Tested with a reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon

Front 99

Electeomyography

Back 99

Testing that measures the electrical activity within the muscle fibers In response to nerve stimulation

Front 100

Antispasmodic

Back 100

Administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

Front 101

Skeletal muscle relaxant

Back 101

Relax certain muscles and to relieve stress, pain, and discomfort

Front 102

Neuromuscular blocker

Back 102

Drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles

Front 103

Ergonomics

Back 103

The study of the of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

Front 104

Myofascial release

Back 104

Specialized soft tissue technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome etc

Front 105

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Back 105

Uses a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin, which causes change in muscles

Front 106

RICE

Back 106

Rest..ice..compression..elevation

Front 107

Fasciotomy

Back 107

Surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

Front 108

Tenodesis

Back 108

Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Front 109

Tenilolysis

Back 109

Release of a tendon from adhesions