Medical Terminology Ch 2

Front 1

the smallest living unit; the fundamental unit of all living things

Back 1

cell

Front 2

surrounds and protects the cell; regulates what passes into and out of the cell

Back 2

cell membrane

Front 3

controls the operations of the cell; directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell

Back 3

nucleus

Front 4

rod-like structures within the nucleus; 23 pairs within all human body cells (except for the sex cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes)

Back 4

chromosomes

Front 5

regions of DNA within each chromosome

Back 5

genes

Front 6

chemical found within each chromosome; arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it regulates the activities of the cell by its sequence on each chromosome

Back 6

DNA

Front 7

a picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

Back 7

karyotype

Front 8

includes all the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane; carries on the work of the cell

Back 8

cytoplasm

Front 9

small, sausage-shaped bodies that produce energy by burning food in the presence of oxygen

Back 9

mitochondria

Front 10

process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials

Back 10

anabolism

Front 11

process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy

Back 11

catabolism

Front 12

structure (canals) within the cytoplasm; where large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces

Back 12

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 13

_____ are found on the endoplasmic reticulum

Back 13

ribosomes

Front 14

the total of the chemical processes in a cell (includes both catabolism and anabolism)

Back 14

metabolism

Front 15

collection of fat cells

Back 15

adipose tissue

Front 16

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints (e.g., surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose)

Back 16

cartilage

Front 17

skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs

Back 17

epithelial cells

Front 18

specialist in the study of tissues

Back 18

histologist

Front 19

voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea

Back 19

larynx

Front 20

throat; serves at the common passageway for both food and air

Back 20

pharynx

Front 21

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Back 21

pituitary gland

Front 22

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Back 22

thyroid gland

Front 23

"windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

Back 23

trachea

Front 24

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

Back 24

ureter

Front 25

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Back 25

urethra

Front 26

the womb

Back 26

uterus

Front 27

internal organs

Back 27

viscera

Front 28

long, slender cell containing fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing

Back 28

muscle cell

Front 29

may be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in carrying impulses

Back 29

nerve cell

Front 30

contains large empty spaces for fat storage

Back 30

fat cells

Front 31

a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job

Back 31

tissue

Front 32

all tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs

Back 32

epithelial tissue

Front 33

examples are adipose tissue, cartilage, bone and blood

Back 33

connective tissue

Front 34

tissue that conducts impulses all over the body

Back 34

nerve tissue

Front 35

structures composed of several types of tissue

Back 35

organs

Front 36

groups of organs working together to perform complex functions

Back 36

systems

Front 37

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallblader, pancreas

Back 37

digestive sytem

Front 38

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Back 38

urinary or excretory system

Front 39

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

Back 39

respiratory system

Front 40

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

Back 40

female reproductive system

Front 41

testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

Back 41

male reproductive system

Front 42

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves

Back 42

nervous system

Front 43

heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Back 43

circulatory system

Front 44

muscles, bones and joints

Back 44

musculoskeletal system

Front 45

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands; eyes, ears, nose and tongue

Back 45

skin and sense organs

Front 46

a space within the body that contains internal organs (viscera)

Back 46

body cavity

Front 47

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder and intestines

Back 47

abdominal cavity

Front 48

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

Back 48

cranial cavity

Front 49

pertaining to the skull

Back 49

cranial

Front 50

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Back 50

diaphragm

Front 51

pertaining to the back

Back 51

dorsal (posterior)

Front 52

centrally located space between the lungs (containing the heart)

Back 52

mediastinum

Front 53

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder and reproductive organs

Back 53

pelvic cavity

Front 54

double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs

Back 54

peritoneum

Front 55

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

Back 55

pleura

Front 56

space between the pleural membranes and surrounding each lung

Back 56

pleural cavity

Front 57

space within the spinal column and containing the spinal cord

Back 57

spinal cavity (spinal canal)

Front 58

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus and other organs

Back 58

thoracic cavity

Front 59

pertaining to the front

Back 59

anterior

Front 60

The cranial and spinal cavities are the _____ body cavities.

Back 60

dorsal

Front 61

The thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities are _____ body cavities.

Back 61

ventral

Front 62

upper right and left regions beneath the ribs

Back 62

hypochondriac region

Front 63

region above the stomach

Back 63

epigastric region

Front 64

middle right and left region near the waist

Back 64

lumbar region

Front 65

region of the navel or umbilicus

Back 65

umbilical region

Front 66

lower right and left regions near the groin; also called _____ regions

Back 66

inguinal regions
iliac

Front 67

lower middle region below the umbilical region

Back 67

hypogastric region

Front 68

contains the liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines

Back 68

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Front 69

contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of small and large intestines

Back 69

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Front 70

contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

Back 70

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Front 71

contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

Back 71

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Front 72

bone(s) of the spinal column

Back 72

vertebra(e)

Front 73

neck region (C1 to C7)

Back 73

cervical

Front 74

chest region (T1 to T12)

Back 74

thoracic

Front 75

loin (waist) region (L1 to L5)

Back 75

lumbar

Front 76

region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)(five fused bones)

Back 76

sacral

Front 77

region of the coccyx (tailbone)

Back 77

coccygeal

Front 78

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Back 78

spinal column

Front 79

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Back 79

spinal cord

Front 80

a pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Back 80

disk (disc)

Front 81

front surface of the body

Back 81

anterior (ventral)

Front 82

away from the surface

Back 82

deep

Front 83

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

Back 83

distal

Front 84

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Back 84

frontal (coronal) plane

Front 85

below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

Back 85

inferior (caudal)

Front 86

pertaining to the side

Back 86

lateral

Front 87

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

Back 87

medial

Front 88

back surface of the body

Back 88

posterior (dorsal)

Front 89

lying on the belly (face down, palms down)

Back 89

prone

Front 90

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Back 90

proximal

Front 91

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

Back 91

sagittal (lateral) plane

Front 92

plane that divides the body into right and left halves

Back 92

midsagittal plane

Front 93

on the surface

Back 93

superficial

Front 94

above another structure; pertaining to the head

Back 94

superior (cephalic)

Front 95

lying on the back (face up, palms up)

Back 95

supine

Front 96

horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Back 96

transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane

Front 97

abdomin/o

Back 97

abdomen

Front 98

adip/o

Back 98

fat

Front 99

anter/o

Back 99

front

Front 100

bol/o

Back 100

to cast (throw)

Front 101

cervic/o

Back 101

neck (of the body or of the uterus)

Front 102

chondr/o

Back 102

cartilage

Front 103

chrom/o

Back 103

color

Front 104

coccyg/o

Back 104

coccyx (tailbone)

Front 105

crani/o

Back 105

skull

Front 106

cyt/o

Back 106

cell

Front 107

dist/o

Back 107

far, distant

Front 108

dors/o

Back 108

back portion of the body

Front 109

hist/o

Back 109

tissue

Front 110

ili/o

Back 110

ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

Front 111

inguin/o

Back 111

groin

Front 112

kary/o

Back 112

nucleus

Front 113

later/o

Back 113

side

Front 114

lumb/o

Back 114

lower back

Front 115

medi/o

Back 115

middle

Front 116

nucle/o

Back 116

nucleus

Front 117

pelv/i

Back 117

pelvis

Front 118

poster/o

Back 118

back, behind

Front 119

proximo/o

Back 119

nearest

Front 120

sacr/o

Back 120

sacrum

Front 121

sarc/o

Back 121

flesh

Front 122

spin/o

Back 122

spine, backbone

Front 123

thel/o

Back 123

nipple

Front 124

thorac/o

Back 124

chest

Front 125

trache/o

Back 125

trachea, windpipe

Front 126

umbilic/o

Back 126

navel, umbilicus

Front 127

ventr/o

Back 127

belly side of the body

Front 128

vertebr/o

Back 128

vertebra(e), backbone(s)

Front 129

viscer/o

Back 129

internal organs

Front 130

ana-

Back 130

up

Front 131

cata-

Back 131

down

Front 132

epi-

Back 132

above

Front 133

hypo-

Back 133

below

Front 134

inter-

Back 134

between

Front 135

meta-

Back 135

change

Front 136

-eal

Back 136

pertaining to

Front 137

-iac

Back 137

pertaining to

Front 138

-ior

Back 138

pertaining to

Front 139

-ism

Back 139

process, condition

Front 140

-ose

Back 140

pertaining to, full of

Front 141

-plasm

Back 141

formation

Front 142

-somes

Back 142

bodies

Front 143

-type

Back 143

picture, classification