Medical Terminology Ch. 14 & 15

Front 1

celi
or
lapar

Back 1

abdomen

Front 2

chol

Back 2

bile

Front 3

bucc

Back 3

cheek

Front 4

cheil

Back 4

lip

Front 5

cyst

Back 5

bladder or sac

Front 6

doch

Back 6

duct

Front 7

enter

Back 7

small intestine

Front 8

gingiv

Back 8

gum

Front 9

gloss

lingu

Back 9

tongue

Front 10

inguin

Back 10

groin

Front 11

lith

Back 11

stone

Front 12

or

stomat

Back 12

mouth

Front 13

phag

Back 13

eat or swallow

Front 14

proct

Back 14

anus & rectum

Front 15

sial

Back 15

saliva

Front 16

steat

Back 16

fat

Front 17

emesis

Back 17

vomiting

Front 18

uvula

Back 18

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

Front 19

pharynx

Back 19

throat

Front 20

pyloric sphincter

Back 20

opening of the stomach into the duodenum

Front 21

duodenum

Back 21

1st portion of small intestine

Front 22

jejunum

Back 22

2nd portion of small intestine

Front 23

ileum

Back 23

3rd portion of small intestine

Front 24

cecum

Back 24

1st part of large intestine

Front 25

vermiform appendix

Back 25

worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum w/ no digestive function-may serve to resist infection (vermi=worm)

Front 26

sigmoid colon

Back 26

portion (resembling an s) that terminates @ the rectum

Front 27

rectal ampulla

Back 27

dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal

Front 28

peritoneum

Back 28

membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) & visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)

Front 29

omentum

Back 29

a covering; an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach & connecting it w/ other abdominal organs

Front 30

hypochondriac regions

Back 30

upper lateral regions beneath the ribs

Front 31

aphagia

Back 31

inability to swallow

Front 32

ascites

Back 32

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos = bag)

Front 33

buccal

Back 33

in the cheek

Front 34

dyspepsia

Back 34

indigestion (peptein = to digest)

Front 35

dysphagia

Back 35

difficulty in swallowing

Front 36

eructation

Back 36

belch

Front 37

halitosis

Back 37

bad breath (halitus = breath)

Front 38

hematochezia

Back 38

red blood in the stool (chezo = defecate)

Front 39

hyperbilirubinemia

Back 39

excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood

Front 40

icterus

Back 40

jaundice

Front 41

melena

Back 41

dark-colored, tarry stool caused by old blood

Front 42

steatorrhea

Back 42

feces containing fat

Front 43

stomatitis

Back 43

inflammation of the mouth

Front 44

parotitis (parotiditis)

Back 44

inflammation of the parotid gland; AKA mumps

Front 45

cheilitis

Back 45

inflammation of the lip

Front 46

ankyloglossia

Back 46

tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum (ankyl = crooked or stiff)

Front 47

esophageal varices

Back 47

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration & hemorrhage

Front 48

pyloric stenosis

Back 48

narrowed condition of the pylorus

Front 49

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

Back 49

a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection w/ Helicobacter pylori bacteria (pept = to digest)

Front 50

diverticulum

Back 50

a by-way; an abnormal side pocket in the gastrointestinal tract usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

Front 51

diverticulosis

Back 51

presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the bowel

Front 52

dysentery

Back 52

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody stools, most often caused by bacteria or protozoa (e.g., amebic dysentery)

Front 53

hernia

Back 53

protrusion of a part from its normal location

Front 54

incarcerated hernia

Back 54

hernia that is swollen & fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

Front 55

intussusception

Back 55

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part (intus = within; suscipiens = to take up)

Front 56

volvulus

Back 56

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction (volvo = to roll)

Front 57

polyposis

Back 57

multiple polyps in the intestine & rectum w/ a high malignancy potential

Front 58

polyp

Back 58

tumor on a stalk

Front 59

proctitis

Back 59

inflammation of the rectum & anus

Front 60

anal fistula

Back 60

abnormal tube-like passageway from the anus that may connect w/ the rectum (fistula = pipe)

Front 61

hemorrhoid

Back 61

swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed)

Front 62

hepatitis A

Back 62

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally though fecal contamination of food or water

Front 63

hepatitis B

Back 63

infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

Front 64

hepatitis C

Back 64

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually)

Front 65

cirrhosis

Back 65

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency (cirrho = yellow)

Front 66

cholangitis

Back 66

inflammation of the bile ducts

Front 67

cholecystitis

Back 67

inflammation of the gallbladder

Front 68

cholelithiasis

Back 68

presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

Front 69

choledocholithiasis

Back 69

presence of stones in the common bile duct

Front 70

cholangiogram

Back 70

x-ray of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery

Front 71

cholecystogram

Back 71

x-ray of the gallbladder taken after oral ingestion of iodine

Front 72

cheiloplasty

Back 72

repair of the lip

Front 73

glosorraphy

Back 73

suture of the tongue

Front 74

abdominocentesis

paracentesis

Back 74

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid (e.g., fluid accumulated in ascites)

Front 75

laparatomy

Back 75

incision into the abdomen

Front 76

anastomosis

Back 76

union of 2 hollow vessels; used in bowel surgery

Front 77

gastric lavage

Back 77

oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for examination & treatment (e.g., to remove blood clots from the stomach & monitor bleeding, lavage = to wash)

Front 78

cathartic

Back 78

drug that causes movement of the bowels; AKA laxative

Front 79

albumin

Back 79

protein

Front 80

glomerul

Back 80

glomerulus (little ball)

Front 81

meat

Back 81

meatus (opening)

Front 82

nephr

Back 82

kidney

Front 83

pyel

Back 83

renal pelvis (basin)

Front 84

py

Back 84

pus

Front 85

hilum

Back 85

indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter & leave

Front 86

calyces (calices)

Back 86

system of ducts carrying urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis (kalyx = cup of a flower)

Front 87

glomerulus

Back 87

little ball-shaped cluster of capillaries located @ the top of each nephron

Front 88

Bowman's capsule

Back 88

top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus

Front 89

renal tubule

Back 89

stem portion of the nephron

Front 90

urethra

Back 90

single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body

Front 91

creatinine

Back 91

waste product of muscle metabolism filtered out of the blood by the kidneys & excreted in urine

Front 92

enuresis

Back 92

to void urine; involuntary discharge of urine, most often refers to a lack of bladder control

Front 93

ketone bodies

ketone compounds

Back 93

acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, & acetoacetic acid are products of metabolism that appear in the urine as a result of an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates; seen in uncontrolled diabetes & starvation

Front 94

oliguria

Back 94

scanty production of urine

Front 95

pyuria

Back 95

presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection

Front 96

hydronephrosis

Back 96

dilation & pooling of urine in the renal pelvis & calyces of one or both kidneys caused by an obstruction in the outflow of urine

Front 97

pyelonephritis

Back 97

inflammtion of the renal pelvis

Front 98

nephrosis

Back 98

degenerative disease of the renal tubules

Front 99

nephrolithiasis

Back 99

presence of renal stone or stones caused by mineral buildup in the kidneys

Front 100

cystitis

Back 100

inflammation of the bladder

Front 101

uremia

azotemia

Back 101

excess of urea & other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure

Front 102

specific gravity (SpGr)

Back 102

measure of the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine

Front 103

occult

Back 103

hidden

Front 104

urobilinogen

Back 104

chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine- increased amounts seen in gallbladder & liver disease

Front 105

nitrite

Back 105

chemical test used to detect bacteria in the urine

Front 106

resect

Back 106

cut & remove

Front 107

noncontinent ileal conduit

Back 107

removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached @ one end; the other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen - urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag)

Front 108

continent urostomy

Back 108

internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine though an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization

Front 109

orthotopic bladder (neobladder)

Back 109

bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing "natural" voiding

Front 110

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Back 110

procedure using ultrasound to penetrate the body from outside & bombard & disintegrate a stone within - most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder

Front 111

straight catheter

Back 111

inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing-removed immediately after the procedure

Front 112

Foley catheter

Back 112

indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder; includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag- can remain in place for an extended time

Front 113

suprapubic catheter

Back 113

indwelling catheter inserted directly into the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone; includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag- used in pts requiring long-term catheterization

Front 114

diuretic

Back 114

drug that increases the secretion of urine