Medical Terminology Ch. 12

Front 1

(anti)(di)(uret)(ic)

(against)(complete)(urination)(pt)

Back 1

an agent that decreases urine production

Front 2

(endo)(crine)

(w/in)(secrete)

(endo)(crino)(logy)

(w/in)(secrete)(study of)

(endo)(crino)(logist)

(w/in)(secrete)(specialist)

Back 2

a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

medical specialty concerned w/ the production and effects of hormones

a medical specialist in endocrinology

Front 3

hormone

Back 3

Greek- to set in motion

chemical formed in 1 tissue or organ and carried by the bloodstream to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

Front 4

(hypo)(thalamus)

(below)(thalamus)

Back 4

an endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the 3rd ventricle of the brain

Front 5

(mela)(ton)(in)

(black)(tension)(substance)

Back 5

hormone formed by the pineal gland

Front 6

(oxy)(toc)(in)

(oxygen)(labor and childbirth)(substance)

Back 6

pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract

Front 7

pineal

Back 7

Latin- like a pine cone

pt the pineal gland

Front 8

(pituit)(ary)

(pituitary)(pt)

Back 8

pt the pituitary gland

Front 9

(prosta)(gland)(in)

(prostate)(gland)(substance)

Back 9

hormone present in many tissues, but 1st isolated from the prostate gland

Front 10

(sero)(ton)(in)

(serum)(tension)(substance)

Back 10

neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system

Front 11

(acro)(megaly)

(peak)(enlargement)

Back 11

enlargement of head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone in an adult

Front 12

(adreno)(cortico)(tropic)

(adrenal gland)(from the cortex)(a turning/change)

Back 12

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

Front 13

(cortico)(steroid)

(from the cortex)(steroid)

Back 13

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

Front 14

(cortico)(tropin)

(from the cortex)(stimulation)

Back 14

pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

Front 15

(cortis)(one)

(from the cortex)(hormone)

Back 15

a corticosteroid produced in small amounts by the adrenal cortex

Front 16

(diabetes) (in)(sipid)(us)

(Greek- siphon) (not)(flavor)(pt)

Back 16

excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate ADH production

Front 17

gonad

(gonado)(tropin)

(testis/ovary)(stimulation)

Back 17

Latin- seed

an organ that produces sex cells

any hormone that stimulates gonadal function

Front 18

(hydro)(cortis)(one)

(water)(from the cortex)(hormone)

Back 18

potent glucocorticoid w. anti-inflammatory properties

Front 19

(pro)(lact)(in)

(before)(milk)(substance)

Back 19

pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

Front 20

(somato)(tropin)

(the body)(stimulation)

Back 20

hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the growth of body tissues

Front 21

(thyro)(tropin)

(thyroid)(stimulation)

Back 21

hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

Front 22

(calci)(ton)(in)

(calcium)(tension)(substance)

Back 22

hormone produced by the thyroid gland that moves calcium from blood to bones

Front 23

(emaci)(ation)

(make thin)(process)

Back 23

abnormal thinness

Front 24

(para)(thyr)(oid)

(beside)(thyroid)(resembling)

Back 24

endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

Front 25

thymus

Back 25

Greek- sweetbread

endocrine gland located in the mediastinum

Front 26

thyroid

Back 26

Greek- an oblong shield

endocrine gland in the neck; or a cartilage of the larynx

Front 27

(thyr)(ox)(ine)

(thyroid gland)(oxygen)(pt)

Back 27

thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine

Front 28

cretin

(cretin)(ism)

(cretin)(condition)

Back 28

French- cretin

severe congenital hypothyroidism

condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism

Front 29

(ex)(ophthalmos)

(out)(eye)

Back 29

protrusion of the eyeball

Front 30

goiter

Back 30

Latin- throat

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Front 31

Graves disease

Back 31

hyperthyroidism w/ toxic goiter

Front 32

Hashimoto disease

Back 32

autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland

Front 33

(hyper)(para)(thyr)(oid)(ism)

(excessive)(adjacent)(thyroid)(resembling)(condition)

(hypo)(...)

(deficient)

Back 33

excessive levels of parathyroid hormone

deficient levels of parathyroid hormone

Front 34

(hyper)(pyrex)(ia)

(excessive)(fever)(condition)

Back 34

extremely high body temperature or fever

Front 35

(hyper)(thyr)(oid)(ism)

(excessive)(thyroid)(resembling)(condition)

(hypo)...

(deficient)

Back 35

excessive production of thyroid hormone

deficient production of thyroid hormone

Front 36

(iod)(ine)

(violet)(pt)

Back 36

chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

Front 37

(myx)(edema)

(mucus)(swelling)

Back 37

nonpitting, waxy edema of the skin in hypothyroidism

Front 38

tetany

Back 38

Greek- convulsive tension

severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms

Front 39

(thyr)(oid)(ectomy)

(thyroid)(resembling)(surgical excision)

(thyr)(oid)(itis)

(thyroid)(resembling)(inflammation)

Back 39

surgical removal of the thyroid gland

inflammation of the thyroid gland

Front 40

(thyro)(toxico)(sis)

(thyroid)(poison)(condition)

Back 40

disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production

Front 41

Addison disease

Back 41

an autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids

Front 42

(ad)(ren)(al)

(to)(kidney)(pt)

(epi)(nephr)(ine)

(above)(kidney)(pt)

Back 42

endocrine gland on the upper pole of each kidney

main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla

Front 43

(adreno)(cortic)(al)

(adrenal)(cortex)(pt)

Back 43

pt the cortex of the adrenal gland

Front 44

(aldo)(ster)(one)

(organic compound)(steroid)(hormone)

Back 44

mineralocorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex

Front 45

(catechol)(amine)

(tyrosine containing)(nitrogen-containing substance)

Back 45

major elements produced by the adrenal cortex in the stress response

Front 46

Cushing syndrome

Back 46

hyper secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland

Front 47

facies

Back 47

Latin- appearance

facial features and expressions

Front 48

(gluco)(cortic)(oid)

(glucose)(cortisone)(resembling)

Back 48

hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism

Front 49

(hydro)(cortis)(one)

(water)(cortisone)(hormone)

Back 49

potent glucocorticoid w/ anti-inflammatory properties

Front 50

(idio)(path)(ic)

(unknown)(disease)(pt)

Back 50

pt a disease of unknown etiology

Front 51

(mineralo)(cortic)(oid)

(inorganic material)(cortex)(resembling)

Back 51

hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

Front 52

(nor)(epi)(nephr)(ine)

(normal)(above)(kidney)(pt)

Back 52

catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland that is a parasympathetic neurotransmitter

Front 53

(ster)(oid)

(solid)(resembling)

Back 53

large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components

Front 54

(exo)(crine)

(outward)(secrete)

Back 54

a gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts

Front 55

(gluc)(agon)

(sugar)(to fight)

Back 55

pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels

Front 56

(gluco)(neo)(genesis)

(sugar)(new)(creation)

Back 56

formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

Front 57

(gluc)(ose)

(sugar)(full of)

Back 57

the final product of carbohydrate digestion and the main sugar in the blood

Front 58

(glyco)(geno)(lysis)

(glycogen)(create)(separate/dissolve)

Back 58

conversion of glycogen to glucose

Front 59

(insul)(in)

(an island)(a substance)

Back 59

hormone produced by the islet cells of the pancreas

Front 60

islets of Langerhans

Back 60

areas of pancreatic cells that produce insulin and glucagon

Front 61

(somato)(statin)

(body)(inhibit)

Back 61

hormone that inhibits release of growth hormone and insulin

Front 62

(amput)(ation)

(to prune)(a process)

Back 62

process of removing a limb, part of a limb, a breast, or other projecting part

Front 63

(auto)(anti)(body)

(self)(against)(body)

Back 63

antibody produced in response to an antigen from the host's own tissue

Front 64

coma

(comat)(ose)

(coma)(full of)

Back 64

Greek- deep sleep

state of deep unconsciousness

in a state of coma

Front 65

(diabetes) (mellitus)

(Greek- a siphon) (Latin- sweetened w/ honey)

Back 65

metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and/or ineffectiveness

Front 66

(hyper)(glyc)(emia)

(excessive)(glucose)(a blood condition)

Back 66

high level of glucose in the blood

Front 67

(hypo)...

(deficient)

Back 67

low level of glucose in the blood

Front 68

(par)(esthes)(ia)

(abnormal)(sensation)(condition)

Back 68

an abnormal sensation

Front 69

(poly)(dips)(ia)

(many)(thirst)(condition)

Back 69

excessive thirst

Front 70

(poly)(phag)(ia)

(eat)

Back 70

excessive eating

Front 71

(poly)(ur)(ia)

(urine)

Back 71

excessive production of urine

Front 72

(retino)(pathy)

(retina of the eye)(disease)

Back 72

degenerative disease of the retina

Front 73

acetone

Back 73

Latin- vinegar

ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control

Front 74

(keto)(acid)(osis)

(ketone)(acid)(condition)

Back 74

excessive ketones in the blood, making is acid

Front 75

ketone

(ket)(osis)

(ketone)(condition)

Back 75

Greek- acetone

chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation

excessive production of ketones

Front 76

(metabol)(ic) (acid)(osis)

(change)(pt) (acid)(condition)

Back 76

decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism

Front 77

saline

Back 77

Latin- salt

salt solution, usually sodium chloride