Medical Terminology Ch. 10

Front 1

(electro)(encephalo)(gram)

(electricity)(brain)(recording)

(electro)(encephalo)(graph)

(electricity)(brain)(to write/record)

(electro)(encephalo)(graphy)

(electricity)(brain)(process of recording)

Back 1

record of the electrical activity of the brain

device used to record the electrical activity of the brain

the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain

Front 2

(electro)(neuro)(diagnost)(ic)

(electricity)(nerve)(decision)(pt)

Back 2

pt the use of electricity in the diagnosis of a neurological disorder

Front 3

epilepsy

Back 3

Greek- seizure

chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges

Front 4

motor

Back 4

Latin- to move

structures of the nervous system that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete

Front 5

nerve

(nerv)(ous) (system)

(nerve)(pt) (Greek- an organized whole)

Back 5

Latin- nerve

a cord of nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue

the whole, integrated nerve apparatus

Front 6

(neuro)(logy)

(nerve)(study of)

(neuro)(logist)

(nerve)(one who studies)

(neuro)(surg)(eon)

(nerve)(operate)(one who does)

(neuro)(surg)(ery)

(nerve)(operate)(process of)

Back 6

medical specialty of disorders of the nervous system

medical specialist in disorders of the nervous system

one who operates on the nervous system

operating on the nervous system

Front 7

(sens)(ory)

(feel)(having the function of)

Back 7

pt sensation; structures of the nervous system that carry impulses to the brain

Front 8

afferent

Back 8

Latin- to bring to

moving toward a center; nerve fibers conducting impulses to the spinal cord and brain

Front 9

(auto)(nom)(ic)

(self)(law)(pt)

Back 9

self-governing visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system

Front 10

axon

Back 10

Greek- axis

single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body

Front 11

dendrite

Back 11

Greek- looking like a tree

branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli

Front 12

dopamine

Back 12

precursor to norepinephrine

neurotransmitter in some specific small areas of the brain

Front 13

efferent

Back 13

Latin- to bring away from

conducting nerve impulses away from the brain or spinal cord

Front 14

glia

(neuro)(glia)

(nerve)(glue)

Back 14

Greek- glue

connective tissue that holds a structure together

connective tissue holding nervous tissue together

Front 15

(myel)(in)

(spinal cord)(substance)

Back 15

material of the sheath around the axon of a nerve

Front 16

neuron

Back 16

Greek- nerve

technical term for a nerve cell

Front 17

(neuro)(trans)(mitt)(er)

(nerve)(across)(send)(agent)

Back 17

chemical agent that relays messages from one nerve cell to another

Front 18

(para)(sym)(pathet)(ic)

(beside)(together)(suffering)(pt)

Back 18

division of the autonomic nervous system

Front 19

(somat)(ic)

(body)(pt)

Back 19

a division of the peripheral nervous system serving the skeletal muscles

Front 20

(sym)(pathet)(ic)

(together)(suffering)(pt)

Back 20

division of the autonomic nervous system operating at an unconscious level

Front 21

(syn)(apse)

(together)(clasp)

Back 21

junction b/w 2 nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell, where electrical impulses are transmitted b/w the cells

Front 22

viscus

visceral

viscera

Back 22

Latin- an internal organ

any single internal organ

Front 23

(cerebell)(um)

(little brain)(structure)

Back 23

the most posterior area of the brain located b/w the midbrain and the cerebral hemispheres

Front 24

(cerebro)(spin)(al)

(brain)(spinal cord)(pt)

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 24

pt the brain and spinal cord

fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain; surrounds brain and spinal cord

Front 25

cerebrum

Back 25

Latin- brain

cerebral hemispheres

Front 26

(corpus) (callos)(um)

(body) (thickening)(structure)

Back 26

bridge of nerve fibers connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Front 27

(front)(al) lobe

(front of)(pt)

Back 27

front area of the cerebral hemisphere

Front 28

gyrus

Back 28

Greek- circle

rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres

Front 29

(hypo)(thalamus)

(below)

Back 29

an endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the 3rd ventricle of the brain

Front 30

(occipit)(al) lobe

(back of head)(pt)

Back 30

posterior area of the cerebral hemisphere

Front 31

(pariet)(al) lobe

(wall)(pt)

Back 31

area of the brain under the parietal bone

Front 32

sulcus

Back 32

Latin- furrow, ditch

groove on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres that separate gyri

Front 33

(tempor)(al) lobe

(time)(pt)

Back 33

posterior 2/3rds of the cerebral hemispheres

Front 34

thalamus

Back 34

Greek- inner room

mass of grey matter under the ventricle in each cerebral hemisphere

Front 35

(arachn)(oid) (mater)

(cobweb/spider)(resembling) (mother)

Back 35

web-like middle layer of the 3 meninges

Front 36

(dura) (mater)

(hard) (mother)

Back 36

hard, fibrous outer layer of the meninges

Front 37

(epi)(dur)(al)

(above)(dura)(pt)

epidural space

Back 37

above the dura

space b/w the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal

Front 38

meninges

(mening)(itis)

(meninges)(inflammation)

Back 38

Greek- membrane

3 layered covering of the brain and spinal cord

inflammation of the meninges

Front 39

(pia) (mater)

(delicate) (mother)

Back 39

delicate inner layer of the meninges

Front 40

(sub)(arachn)(oid) space

(under)(cobweb/spider)(resembling)

Back 40

space b/w the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane

Front 41

Alzheimer disease

Back 41

Dr. Alois Alzheimer- German physician (1864-1915)

common form of dementia

Front 42

cognition

Back 42

Latin- knowledge

process of acquiring knowledge through thinking, learning, and memory

Front 43

(confus)(ion)

(bewildered)(condition)

Back 43

mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately

Front 44

(deliri)(um)

(disorientation/confusion)(structure)

Back 44

acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation

Front 45

(de)(ment)(ia)

(removal)(mind)(condition)

Back 45

chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of the mind's cognitive and intellectual functions

Front 46

(em)(pathy)

(into)(emotion, disease)

(sym)(pathy)

(together)(emotion, disease)

Back 46

ability to place yourself into the feelings, emotions, and reactions of another person

appreciation and concern for another person's mental and emotional state

Front 47

(sedat)(ive)

(to calm)(pt/quality of)

(sedat)(ion)

(to calm)(condtion/action)

Back 47

agent that calms nervous excitement

state of being calmed

Front 48

(sen)(ile)

(old age)(pt)

Back 48

characteristics of old age

Front 49

stroke

Back 49

Old English- to strike

acute clinical event caused by impaired cerebral circulation

Front 50

(grand) (mal)

(big) (bad)

Back 50

old name for generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Front 51

(narco)(lepsy)

(stupor)(seizure)

Back 51

involuntary falling asleep

Front 52

(petit) (mal)

(little) (bad)

Back 52

old name for absence seizures

Front 53

(post)(ict)(al)

(after)(seizure)(pt)

Back 53

transient neurologic deficit after a seizure

Front 54

tic

Back 54

French- tic

sudden, involuntary, repeated contraction of muscles

Front 55

(ton)(ic)

(pressure)(pt)

(ton)(ic) (clon)(ic) (seiz)(ure)

(pressure)(pt) (tumult)(pt) (to grab)(a process)

Back 55

state of muscular contraction

the body alternates b/w excessive muscular rigidity and jerking muscular contractions

Front 56

Tourette syndrome

Back 56

Gilles de la Tourette- French neurologist (1857-1904)

disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics

Front 57

aneurysm

Back 57

Greek- dilation

small, circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber

Front 58

(arterio)(graphy)

(artery)(recording)

Back 58

x-ray visualization of an artery after injection of contrast material

Front 59

(bov)(ine) (spongi)(form) (en)(cephalo)(pathy)

(cattle)(pt) (sponge)(appearance of) (in)(head)(disease)

Back 59

disease of cattle (mad cow disease) that can be transmitted to humans, causing CJD

Front 60

(carotid) (end)(arter)(ectomy)

(Greek- large neck artery) (inside)(artery)(surgical excision)

Back 60

surgical removal of diseased lining from the carotid artery to leave a smooth lining and restore blood flow

Front 61

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Back 61

Hans Creutzfeldt (1885-1964) and Alfons Jakob (1884-1931)- German psychiatrists

progressive, incurable, neurologic disease caused by infectious prions

Front 62

(encephal)(itis)

(brain)(inflammation)

Back 62

inflammation of brain cells and tissues

Front 63

(mi)(graine)

(derived from hemi, half)(head pain)

Back 63

paroxysmal severe headache confined to one side of the head

Front 64

Parkinson disease

Back 64

James Parkinson- (1775-824) British physician

disease of muscular rigidity, tremors, and a masklike facial expression

Front 65

prion

Back 65

Latin- protein

small, infectious protein particle

Front 66

syncope

Back 66

Greek- cutting short

temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone due to diminished cerebral blood flow

Front 67

tremor

Back 67

Latin- to shake

small, shaking, involuntary, repetitive movements of hands, extremities, neck, or jaw

Front 68

(an)(alges)(ia)

(w/out)(sensation of pain)(condition)

(an)(alges)(ic)

(w/out)(sensation of pain)(pt)

Back 68

state in which pain is reduced

substance that produces analgesia

Front 69

Bell palsy

Back 69

Charles Bell- Scottish surgeon (1774-1842)

paresis, or paralysis, of one side of the face

Front 70

(concuss)(ion)

(shake or jar violently)(action/condition)

Back 70

mild brain injury

Front 71

contrecoup

Back 71

French- counterblow

injury to the brain at a point directly opposite the point of contact

Front 72

(contus)(ion)

(bruise)(action)

Back 72

hemorrhage into a tissue (bruising), including the brain

Front 73

coup

Back 73

French- a blow

injury to the brain directly under the skull at the point of contact

Front 74

(fibro)(my)(algia)

(fiber)(muscle)(pain)

Back 74

pain in the muscle fibers

Front 75

(meningo)(cocc)(al)

(meninges)(round bacterium)(pt)

Back 75

pt the meningococcal bacterium

Front 76

(sub)(dur)(al) space

(below)(dura)(pt)

Back 76

space b/w the arachnoid and dura mater layers of the meninges

Front 77

trauma

Back 77

Greek- wound

a physical or mental injury

Front 78

(de)(myelin)(ation)

(w/out)(myelin)(process)

Back 78

process of losing the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber

Front 79

(exacerbat)(ation)

(increase)(process)

Back 79

period when there is an increase in the severity of a disease

Front 80

(inter)(mitt)(ent)

(b/w)(send)(end result)

Back 80

alternately ceasing and beginning again

Front 81

modify

Back 81

Latin- to limit

change the form or qualities of something; here, the pathology of MS

Front 82

(par)(esthes)(ia)

(abnormal)(sensation)(condition)

Back 82

abnormal sensation

Front 83

(re)(miss)(ion)

(back)(send)(condition)

Back 83

period when these is a lessening or absence of the symptoms of a disease

Front 84

sclerosis

Back 84

Greek- hardness

thickening and hardening of a tissue; in the nervous system, hardening of nervous tissue by fibrous and glial connective tissue

Front 85

(an)(enceph)(aly)

(w/out)(brain)(condition)

(micro)(ceph)(aly)

(small)(head)(condition)

Back 85

born w/out cerebral hemispheres

an abnormally small head

Front 86

(a)(tax)(ia)

(w/out)(coordination)(condition)

Back 86

inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading to jerky movements

Front 87

(athet)(osis)

(w/out position)(condition)

(athet)(oid)

(w/out position)(resembling)

Back 87

slow, writhing involuntary movements

resembling or suffering from athetosis

Front 88

(hemi)(pleg)(ia)

(half)(paralysis)(condition)

(hemi)(paresis)

(half)(weakness)

Back 88

paralysis of 1 side of the body

weakness of 1 side of the body

Front 89

(meningo)(cele)

(meninges)(hernia)

(meningo)(myelo)(cele)

(meninges)(spinal cord)(hernia)

Back 89

protrusion of the meninges from the spinal cord or brain through a defect in the vertebral column or cranium

protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral arch of 1 or more vertebrae

Front 90

(mono)(pleg)(ia)

(one)(paralysis)(condition)

Back 90

paralysis of one limb

Front 91

palsy

Back 91

Latin- paralysis

paralysis or paresis from brain damage

Front 92

(para)(pleg)(ia)

(abnormal)(paralysis)(condition)

Back 92

paralysis of both lower extremities

Front 93

(quadri)(phel)(ia)

(4)(paralysis)(condition)

Back 93

paralysis of all 4 limbs

Front 94

(spina) (bi)(fida)

(spine) (2)(split)

(spina)... (cyst)(ica)

(cyst)(pt)

(spina)... (occulta)

(hidden)

Back 94

failure of 1 or more vertebral arches to close during fetal development

meninges and spinal cord protruding through the absent vertebral arch and having the appearance of a cyst

the deformity of the vertebral arch is not apparent from the surface

Front 95

(tetrato)(gen)

(monster/malformed fetus)(create/produce)

Back 95

agent that produces fetal deformities

Front 96

anxiety

Back 96

Greek- distress, anxiety

distress and dread caused by fear

Front 97

(bi)(pol)(ar) disorder

(2)(pole)(pt)

Back 97

a mood disorder w/ alternating periods of depression and mania

Front 98

(delus)(ion)

(deceive)(action/condition)

Back 98

fixed, unyielding false belief held despite strong evidence to the contrary

Front 99

(hallucin)(ation)

(imagination)(process)

Back 99

perception of an object or event when there is no such thing present

Front 100

mania

Back 100

Greek- frenzy

mood disorder w/ hyperactivity, irritability, and rapid speech

Front 101

mute

Back 101

Latin- silent

unable or unwilling to speak

Front 102

(para)(noia)

(abnormal)(to think)

(paran)(oid)

(abnormal)(resembling)

Back 102

presence of persecutory delusions

having delusions of persecution

Front 103

phobia

Back 103

Greek- fear

pathologic fear or dread

Front 104

(psych)(iatry)

(mind)(treatment)

(psych)(iatrist)

(mind)(one who treats)

Back 104

diagnosis and treatment of mental disorder

licensed medical specialist in psychiatry

Front 105

(psycho)(logy)

(mind)(study of)

(psycho)(logist)

(mind)(one who studies/specialist)

Back 105

science concerned w/ the behavior of the human mind

licensed specialist in psychology

Front 106

(psych)(osis)

(mind)(condition)

Back 106

disorder causing mental disruption and loss of contact w/ reality

Front 107

(socio)(path)

(society)(disease)

Back 107

person w/ antisocial personality disorder