Medical Terminology 9

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allergen

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An antigenic substance capable of producing immediate type hypersensitivity reaction (allergy).

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allergy

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A state of hypersensitivity induced by exposure to a particular antigen (allergen) resulting in harmful immunologic reactions on subsequent exposures, the term is usually used to refer to hypersensitivity to an environmental antigen (atopic allergy or contact dermatitis) or to drug allergy.

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anaphylaxis

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severe and rapid multi-system allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis occurs when a person is exposed to a trigger substance, called an allergen, to which they have become sensitized. Minute amounts of allergens may cause a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction.

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edema

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accumulation of fluid within the tissue spaces.

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hypersensitivity

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abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus.

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hypersplenism

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A condition or group of conditions where the haemolytic activity (red blood cell destruction) of the spleen is increased

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immune reaction/immune response

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defense function of the body that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies.

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immunity

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state of being resistant to or protected from a disease; the individual is said to be immune.

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acquired immunity

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immunity that is the result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent as a result of having had the disease or from having received an immunization against a disease.

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natural immunity

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immunity in which we are born; genetic immunity

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immunization

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process of creating immunity to a specific disease

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immunologist

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health specialist whose training and experience is concentrated in immunology.

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immunology

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study of the reaction of tissues in the immune system of the body to antigenic stimulation.

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immunotherapy

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special treatment of allergic responses that administers increasingly large doses of the offending allergens to gradually develop immunity.

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local reaction

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reaction to treatment that occurs at the site where it was administered.

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lymph

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interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic capillaries and eventually returned to the blood; once the interstitial fluid enters the lympathetic vessels.

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lymphadenitis

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Inflammation of lymph nodes.

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lymphadenopathy

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any disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph blood vessels.

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lymphocyte

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small agranulocyte leukocytes originating from fetal stem cells and developing in the bone marrow

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T cells

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cells that are important in the immune response, they mature in the thymus.

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macrophage

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any phagocytic cell involved in the defense against infection and in the disposal of the products of the breakdown of the cells.

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pathogens

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disease-producing microorganisms.

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phagocyte

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A cell that is capable of phagocytosis

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phagocytosis

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process of a cell engulfing and destroying bacteria

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resistance

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body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents.

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susceptible

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state of having a lack of resistance to pathogens and other harmful agents

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tonsils

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masses of lymphatic tissue located in a protective ring, just under the mucuous membrane, surrounding the mouth and back of the throat.

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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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An epidemic disease caused by an infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV-2), a retrovirus that causes immune system failure and debilitation and is often accompanied by infections such as tuberculosis. AIDS is spread through direct contact with bodily fluids.

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cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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large species-specific, herpes-type virus with a wide variety of disease effects.

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Kaposi's sarcoma

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locally destructive malignant neoplasm of the blood vessels associated with AIDS typically forming lesions on the skin, visceral organs, or mucuous membranes.

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lymphoma

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lymphoid tissue neoplasm that is typically malignant, beginning with painless enlarged lymph nodesand progrssing to anemia, weakness, fever, and weight loss.

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Hodgkin's Disease

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characterized clinically by the orderly spread of disease from one lymph node group to another and by the development of B symptoms with advanced disease. one of the first cancers to be rendered curable by combination chemotherapy.

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non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

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a cancer arising from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells. It is distinct from Hodgkin's disease, another subtype of lymphoma. The non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a diverse group of diseases with varying courses, treatments, and prognoses

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mononucleosis

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usually caused by the epstein-barr (EBV) typically benign self-limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes.

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pheumocystis carinii pneumonia

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caused by a common worldwide parasite for which people have immunity if they are not severely immunocompromised.

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sarcoidosis

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systematic inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of multiple small, rounded lesions in the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, liver, and other organs.

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systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

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inflammatory connective tissue disease chronic in nature in which immune complexes are formed from the reaction of SLE autoantibodies and their corresponding antigens.

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enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

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blood test used for screening for an antibody to the AIDS virus.

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western blot

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test detects the presence of the antibodies to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

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lymphangiogram

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X-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the hand or foot.

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AIDS

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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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CDC

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centers for disease control and prevention

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CMV

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cytomegalovirus

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EBV

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epstein-barr virus

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ELISA

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enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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HIV

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human immunodeficiency virus

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HSV

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herpes simplex virus

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ITP

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idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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SLE

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systemic lupus erythematosus