Medical Terminology Ch1-4

Front 1

carp/o

Back 1

Wrist bones

Front 2

Cib/o

Back 2

Meals

Front 3

Cis/o

Back 3

To cut

Front 4

Cost/o

Back 4

Rib

Front 5

Cutane/o

Back 5

Skin

Front 6

Dactyl/o

Back 6

Fingers and toes

Front 7

Duct/o

Back 7

To lead or carry

Front 8

Flex/o

Back 8

To bend

Front 9

Furc/o

Back 9

Forking or branching

Front 10

Gloss/o

Back 10

Tongue

Front 11

Glyc/o

Back 11

Sugar

Front 12

Immun/o

Back 12

Protection

Front 13

Morph/o

Back 13

Shape/form

Front 14

Mort/o

Back 14

Death

Front 15

Nat/i

Back 15

Birth

Front 16

Nect/o

Back 16

To bind, tie or connect

Front 17

Norm/o

Back 17

Rule, order

Front 18

Ox/o

Back 18

Oxygen

Front 19

Pub/o

Back 19

Pubis; anterior portion of pelvic or hip bone

Front 20

Seps/o

Back 20

Infection

Front 21

Somn/o

Back 21

Sleep

Front 22

Son/o

Back 22

Sound

Front 23

The/o

Back 23

To put, place

Front 24

Thel/o, theli/o

Back 24

Nipple

Front 25

Thyr/o

Back 25

Thyroid gland; shield

Front 26

Top/o

Back 26

Place, position, location

Front 27

Tox/o

Back 27

Poison

Front 28

Trache/o

Back 28

Windpipe, trachea

Front 29

Urethr/o

Back 29

Urethra

Front 30

-blast

Back 30

Embryonic, immature

Front 31

-crine

Back 31

To secrete

Front 32

-drome

Back 32

To run

Front 33

-fusion

Back 33

Coming together; to pour

Front 34

-gen

Back 34

Substance that produces

Front 35

-lapse

Back 35

To slide, fall, sag

Front 36

-lysis

Back 36

Breakdown, destruction, separation

Front 37

-meter

Back 37

To measure

Front 38

-mission

Back 38

To send

Front 39

-or

Back 39

One who

Front 40

-oxia

Back 40

Oxygen

Front 41

-partum

Back 41

Birth, labor

Front 42

-phoria

Back 42

To bear, carry; feeling

Front 43

-physis

Back 43

To grow

Front 44

-plasia

Back 44

Development, formation, growth

Front 45

-plasm

Back 45

Structure or formation

Front 46

-pnea

Back 46

Breathing

Front 47

-ptosis

Back 47

Falling, dropping, prolapse

Front 48

-rrhea

Back 48

Flow, discharge

Front 49

-stasis

Back 49

Stopping, controlling

Front 50

-trophy

Back 50

Development, nourishment

Front 51

a-, an-

Back 51

No, not, without

Front 52

ab-

Back 52

Away from

Front 53

ad-

Back 53

Toward

Front 54

ana-

Back 54

Up, apart

Front 55

ante-

Back 55

Before, forward

Front 56

anti-

Back 56

Against

Front 57

Auto-

Back 57

Self, own

Front 58

bi-

Back 58

Two

Front 59

Brady-

Back 59

Slow

Front 60

Cata-

Back 60

Down

Front 61

Con-

Back 61

With, together

Front 62

Contra-

Back 62

Against, opposite

Front 63

De-

Back 63

Down, lack of

Front 64

Dia-

Back 64

Through, complete

Front 65

Dys-

Back 65

Bad, painful, difficult, abnormal

Front 66

Ec- , ecto

Back 66

Out, outside

Front 67

Endo-

Back 67

In, within

Front 68

Epi-

Back 68

Upon, on, above

Front 69

Eu-

Back 69

Good, normal

Front 70

Ex-

Back 70

Out, outside, away from

Front 71

Hemi-

Back 71

Half

Front 72

Hyper-

Back 72

Excessive, above

Front 73

Hypo-

Back 73

Deficient, under

Front 74

In-

Back 74

Not !OR! into, within

Front 75

Infra-

Back 75

Beneath, under

Front 76

Inter-

Back 76

Between

Front 77

Intra-

Back 77

In, within, into

Front 78

Macro-

Back 78

Large

Front 79

Mal-

Back 79

Bad

Front 80

Meta-

Back 80

Beyond, change

Front 81

Micro-

Back 81

Small

Front 82

Neo-

Back 82

New

Front 83

Pan-

Back 83

All

Front 84

Para-

Back 84

Abnormal, beside, near

Front 85

Per-

Back 85

Through

Front 86

Peri-

Back 86

Surrounding

Front 87

Poly-

Back 87

Many, much

Front 88

Post-

Back 88

After, behind

Front 89

Pre-

Back 89

Before, in front of

Front 90

Pro-

Back 90

Before, forward

Front 91

Pros-

Back 91

Before, forward

Front 92

Re-

Back 92

Back, again

Front 93

Retro-

Back 93

Behind, backward

Front 94

Sub-

Back 94

Under

Front 95

Supra-

Back 95

Above, upper

Front 96

Syn- , sym-

Back 96

Together, with

Front 97

Tachy-

Back 97

Fast

Front 98

Trans-

Back 98

Across, through

Front 99

Ultra-

Back 99

Beyond, excess

Front 100

Uni-

Back 100

One

Front 101

Define: antigen

Back 101

A substance, usually foreign to the body, that stimulates production of antibodies

Front 102

Define: antibodies

Back 102

Protein substances made by white blood cells in response to the presence of foreign antigens

Front 103

Define: rh condition

Back 103

An antigen-antibody condition that develops when there is a difference in Rh blood factor between that of the pregnant mother (Rh-) and that of the fetus (Rh+)

Front 104

Define: cogenital anomaly and provide examples and potential causes.

Back 104

An irregularity in a structure or organ that a baby is born with. Some examples include webbed toes, heart defects, and clubbed feet. Some are hereditary while others are caused by factors during pregnancy such as high levels of alcohol causing mental defects.

Front 105

Define: recombinant DNA and give an example of a positive use.

Back 105

Taking a gene from an organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism. Used to manufacture insulin outside the body.

Front 106

Define: polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Back 106

A method of producing multiple copies of a single gene

Front 107

Define: syndrome

Back 107

A group of signs or symptoms that commonly occur together to indicate a particular disease or abnormal condition

Front 108

Define: transurethral resection of the prostate gland and explain when it is used

Back 108

A portion of the prostate gland is removed with an instrument passed through (trans-) the urethra. It is used when prostatic tissue increases (hyperplasia) and interferes with urination.

Front 109

Define: ultrasonography

Back 109

Diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image of an organ or tissue

Front 110

Define: echocardiogram

Back 110

Ultrasound image of the heart

Front 111

Define sonogram

Back 111

Fetal ultrasound image

Front 112

Aden/o

Back 112

Gland

Front 113

Arthr/o

Back 113

Joint

Front 114

Bi/o

Back 114

Life

Front 115

Carcin/o

Back 115

Cancerous

Front 116

Cardi/o

Back 116

Heart

Front 117

Cephal/o

Back 117

Head

Front 118

Cerebr/o

Back 118

Cerebrum

Front 119

Cis/o

Back 119

To cut

Front 120

Crin/o

Back 120

To secrete

Front 121

Cyst/o

Back 121

Urinary bladder

Front 122

Cyt/o

Back 122

Cell

Front 123

Derm/o OR dermat/o

Back 123

Skin

Front 124

Electr/o

Back 124

Electricity

Front 125

Encephal/o

Back 125

Brain

Front 126

Enter/o

Back 126

Intestines

Front 127

Erythr/o

Back 127

Red

Front 128

Gastr/o

Back 128

Stomach

Front 129

Glyc/o

Back 129

Sugar

Front 130

Gnos/o

Back 130

Knowledge

Front 131

Gynec/o

Back 131

Woman

Front 132

Hemat/o OR hem/o

Back 132

Blood

Front 133

Hepat/o

Back 133

Liver

Front 134

Iatr/o

Back 134

Treatment or physician

Front 135

Leuk/o

Back 135

White

Front 136

Log/o

Back 136

Study of

Front 137

Nephr/o

Back 137

Kidney

Front 138

Neur/o

Back 138

Nerve

Front 139

Onc/o

Back 139

Tumor

Front 140

Opthalm/o

Back 140

Eye

Front 141

Oste/o

Back 141

Bone

Front 142

Path/o

Back 142

Disease

Front 143

Ped/o

Back 143

Child

Front 144

Psych/o

Back 144

Mind

Front 145

Radi/o

Back 145

X-rays

Front 146

Ren/o

Back 146

Kidney

Front 147

Rhin/o

Back 147

Nose

Front 148

Sarc/o

Back 148

Flesh

Front 149

Sect/o

Back 149

To cut

Front 150

Thromb/o

Back 150

Clot

Front 151

Ur/o

Back 151

Urinary tract, urine

Front 152

-ac

Back 152

Pertaining to

Front 153

-al

Back 153

Pertaining to

Front 154

-algia

Back 154

Pain

Front 155

-cyte

Back 155

Cell

Front 156

-ectomy

Back 156

Excision, removal

Front 157

-emia

Back 157

Blood condition

Front 158

-genic

Back 158

Produced by/in

Front 159

-globin

Back 159

Protein

Front 160

-gram

Back 160

Record

Front 161

-ic, ical

Back 161

Pertaining to

Front 162

-ion

Back 162

Process

Front 163

-ist

Back 163

Specialist

Front 164

-itis

Back 164

Inflammation

Front 165

-logy

Back 165

Process of study

Front 166

-oma

Back 166

Tumor, mass, swelling

Front 167

-opsy

Back 167

Process of viewing

Front 168

-osis

Back 168

A condition, abnormal

Front 169

-pathy

Back 169

Disease or condition

Front 170

-scope

Back 170

Instrument to visually examine

Front 171

-scopy

Back 171

Process of visually examining

Front 172

-sis

Back 172

A state or condition

Front 173

-tomy

Back 173

Cutting or incision

Front 174

-y

Back 174

Process or condition

Front 175

What is the cell membrane?

Back 175

A layer that surrounds and protects the cell. Controls things entering or exiting the cell.

Front 176

What is the nucleus?

Back 176

The core of the cell, directs cell division and determines the function of the cell.

Front 177

What are chromosomes?

Back 177

Rod like structures inside the nucleus. All cells except sex cells contain 23 pairs (46 total). They contain several thousand genes which have DNA.

Front 178

What is cytoplasm?

Back 178

All material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the membrane. Contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell

Front 179

What are mitochondria?

Back 179

Source of power for the cell. Release energy stored in food through catabolism.

Front 180

What are endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 180

Network of canals within the cell that manufacture proteins. Ribosomes are attached which build long chains of proteins.

Front 181

What is anabolism?

Back 181

Building proteins from amino acids

Front 182

What is metabolism?

Back 182

Total chemical processes occuring within the cell (anabolism + catabolism)

Front 183

Define karyotype

Back 183

Number and appearance of chromosomes in the cell nuclei

Front 184

Back 184

Front 185

Back 185

Front 186

Describe a muscle cell

Back 186

Contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing. Long and slender.

Front 187

Describe a nerve cell

Back 187

Long with fibrous extensions, aid in carrying nerve impulses

Front 188

Describe an epithelial cell

Back 188

Lining or skin cell, square and flat to protect

Front 189

Describe a fat cell

Back 189

Large empty space for fat storage

Front 190

Define tissue

Back 190

Group of cells working together to do something

Front 191

Define histologist

Back 191

A scientist that studies tissues

Front 192

Describe epithelial tissue

Back 192

All over the body and forms the lining of our organs. Outer surface of skin. Lines glands and is responsible for secretions.

Front 193

Describe 2 kinds of muscle tissue

Back 193

Voluntary muscle, conscious motion. Involuntary muscle, unconscious motion.

Front 194

Give 4 examples of connective tissue

Back 194

Fat, cartilage, bone, blood

Front 195

What does nerve tissue do?

Back 195

Conducts nerve impulses

Front 196

What are organs made of?

Back 196

Many tissues combined to form an organ

Front 197

Define viscera

Back 197

Internal organs

Front 198

What is a system?

Back 198

A group of organs working together

Front 199

What is the digestive system?

Back 199

Everything from mouth to anus and everything inbetween.

Front 200

What are the 4 parts of the excretory system?

Back 200

Kidneys, uretors, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 201

What are the 6 parts of the respiratory system?

Back 201

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchiole tubes, lungs

Front 202

What are the 5 parts of the female reproductive system?

Back 202

Ovaries, fellopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

Front 203

What are the 5 parts of the male reproductive system

Back 203

Testes and tubes, urethra, penis, prostate

Front 204

What are the 5 glands in the endocrine system

Back 204

Thyroid (neck), pituitary (brain), sex glands, adrenal glands, parathyroid

Front 205

What are the 3 parts of the nervous system?

Back 205

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Front 206

What are the 6 parts of the circulatory system?

Back 206

Heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus.

Front 207

What are the 3 parts of the musculoskeletal system

Back 207

Muscle, bones, joints

Front 208

What are the 9 parts of the skin and sense systems?

Back 208

Hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous oil glands, eyes, ears, nose, tongue

Front 209

What is in the cranial cavity?

Back 209

The brain

Front 210

What is in the thoracic cavity? (/7)

Back 210

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus, aorta

Front 211

What is the plural cavity?

Back 211

Space around each lung

Front 212

What is the pleura?

Back 212

Double folded membrane around each lung

Front 213

What is the mediostinum?

Back 213

Area outside and between the pleural cavity

Front 214

What is in the abdominal cavity? (/7)

Back 214

Stomach, small and large intestine, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder

Front 215

What is the peritoneum?

Back 215

Surrounds the abdominal cavity and attaches organs to muscles

Front 216

What is the diaphragm?

Back 216

Muscular wall that divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Front 217

What is in the pelvic cavity? (/8)

Back 217

Small and large intestine, bladder, rectum, urethra, uretors, uterus, vagina

Front 218

What is in the spinal cavity?

Back 218

Nerves of the spinal cord

Front 219

What is number 1?

Back 219

Thyroid

Front 220

#1?

Back 220

Thyroid

Front 221

Back 221

Front 222

Back 222

Front 223

Back 223

Front 224

List the 9 abdominopelvic regions

Back 224

Right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left inguinal, hypogastric

Front 225

List the 5 divisions of the back from top to bottom

Back 225

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Front 226

How many vertibrae​ are in the cervical region?

Back 226

7

Front 227

How many vertibrae are in the thoracic region?

Back 227

12

Front 228

How many vertibrae are in the lumbar region?

Back 228

5

Front 229

How many vertibrae are in the sacral region?

Back 229

5 fused together to form the sacral bone

Front 230

How many vertibrae are in the coccygeal region?

Back 230

4 fused together to form the coccyx (tailbone)

Front 231

Define anterior

Back 231

Front, aka ventral

Front 232

Define posterior

Back 232

Back, dorsal

Front 233

Define proximal

Back 233

Near the point of attachment to the trunk

Front 234

Define distal

Back 234

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk

Front 235

Define superior

Back 235

Above

Front 236

Define inferior

Back 236

Below

Front 237

Define medial

Back 237

Middle

Front 238

Define lateral

Back 238

Pertaining to the side

Front 239

Define supine

Back 239

On back

Front 240

Define prone

Back 240

On belly

Front 241

Describe the frontal/coronal planes

Back 241

Divides the anterior and posterior

Front 242

Describe the sagital/lateral planes

Back 242

Divides the right and left sides

Front 243

Describe the transverse/axial plane

Back 243

Horizontal parallel to the ground, divides upper and lower

Front 244

Abdomin/o

Back 244

Abdomen

Front 245

Adip/o

Back 245

Fat

Front 246

Anter/o

Back 246

Front

Front 247

Bol/o

Back 247

To cast or throw

Front 248

Cervic/o

Back 248

Neck of the body or uterus

Front 249

Chondr/o

Back 249

Cartilage

Front 250

Chrom/o

Back 250

Colour

Front 251

Coccyg/o

Back 251

Coccyx or tailbone

Front 252

Crani/o

Back 252

Skull

Front 253

Cyt/o

Back 253

Cell

Front 254

Dist/o

Back 254

Far or distant

Front 255

Dors/o

Back 255

Back portion of the body

Front 256

Hist/o or histi/o

Back 256

Tissue

Front 257

ili/o

Back 257

Ilium of the pelvic bone

Front 258

Inguin/o

Back 258

Groin

Front 259

Kary/o

Back 259

Nucleus

Front 260

Later/o

Back 260

Side

Front 261

Lumb/o

Back 261

Lower back

Front 262

Medi/o

Back 262

Middle

Front 263

Nucle/o

Back 263

Nucleus

Front 264

Pelv/i

Back 264

Pelvis

Front 265

Poster/o

Back 265

Back, behind

Front 266

Proxim/o

Back 266

Nearest

Front 267

Sacr/o

Back 267

Sacrum

Front 268

Sarc/o

Back 268

Flesh

Front 269

Spin/o

Back 269

Spine

Front 270

Thel/o or theli/o

Back 270

Nipple

Front 271

Thorac/o

Back 271

Chest

Front 272

Trache/o

Back 272

Trachea, windpipe

Front 273

Umbillic/o

Back 273

Navel

Front 274

Ventr/o

Back 274

Belly side of the body

Front 275

Vertebr/o

Back 275

Viscer/o

Front 276

Ana-

Back 276

Up

Front 277

Cata-

Back 277

Down

Front 278

Cata-

Back 278

Down

Front 279

Epi-

Back 279

Above

Front 280

Hypo-

Back 280

Below

Front 281

Inter-

Back 281

Between

Front 282

Meta-

Back 282

Change

Front 283

-eal

Back 283

Pertaining to

Front 284

-iac

Back 284

Pertaining to

Front 285

-ior

Back 285

Pertaining to

Front 286

-ism

Back 286

Process, condition

Front 287

-ose

Back 287

Pertaining to, full of

Front 288

-plasm

Back 288

Formation

Front 289

-somes

Back 289

Bodies

Front 290

-type

Back 290

Picture, classification