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184 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
abdominal
Pertaining to the abdomen.
abdominal cavity
The superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.
abdominal ultrasonography
Using ultrasound equipment to produce sound waves that create an image of the abdominal organs.
abdominopelvic cavity
A ventral cavity consisting of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It contains digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs.
abduction
Directional term meaning to move away from the median or middle line of the body.
abnormal psychology
The study and treatment of behaviors that are outside of normal and are detrimental to the person or society. These maladaptive behaviors range from occasional difficulty coping with stress, to bizarre actions and beliefs, to total withdrawal.
ABO system
The major system of blood typing.
abortion (AB)
Termination of a pregnancy before the fetus reaches a viable point in development.
abrasion
Scraping away a portion of the surface of the skin. Performed to remove acne scars, tattoos, and scar tissue.
abruptio placentae
Emergency condition in which the placenta tears away from the uterine wall before the 20th week of pregnancy. Requires immediate delivery of the baby.
abscess
Swelling of soft tissues of the jaw as a result of infection.
acapnia
Lack of carbon dioxide.
accessory organs
The accessory organs to the digestive system consists of the organs that are part of the system, but not part of the continuous tube from mouth to anus. The accessory organs are the liver, pancreas, gall bladder, and salivary glands.
accommodation (Acc)
Ability of the eye to adjust to variations in distance.
achromatopsia
Condition of color blindness; more common in males.
acidosis
Excessive acidity of body fluids due to the accumulation of acids, as in diabetic acidosis.
acne
Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles that results in papules and pustules.
acne rosacea
Hypertrophy of sebaceous glands causing thickened skin generally on the nose, forehead, and cheeks.
acne vulgaris
A common form of acne occurring in adolescence from an oversecretion of the oil glands. It is characterized by papules, pustules, blackheads, and whiteheads.
acoustic
Pertaining to hearing.
acoustic neuroma
Benign tumor of the eighth cranial nerve sheath, which can cause symptoms from pressure being exerted on tissues.
acquired immunity
The protective response of the body to a specific pathogen.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Disease that involves a defect in the cell-mediated immunity system. A syndrome of opportunistic infections that occur in the final stages of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus attacks T4 lymphocytes and destroys them, which reduces the person's ability to fight infection.
acromegaly
Chronic disease of adults that results in an elongation and enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities. There can also be mood changes.
action
The type of movement a muscle produces.
active acquired immunity
Immunity developing after direct exposure to a pathogen.
active exercises
Exercises that a patient performs without assistance.
active range of motion (AROM)
Range of motion for joints that a patient is able to perform without the assistance of someone else.
active-resistive exercises
Exercises in which the patient will work against an artificial resistance applied to a muscle, such as a weight. Used to increase strength.
activities of daily living (ADL)
The activities usually performed in the course of a normal day, such as eating, dressing, and washing.
acute care hospital
Hospitals that typically provide services to diagnose (laboratory, diagnostic imaging) and treat (surgery, medications, therapy) diseases for a short period of time. In addition, they usually provide emergency and obstetrical care. Also called general hospital.
adaptive equipment
Equipment used by the elderly that has been structured to aid them in mobility, eating, and managing the other activities of daily living. This equipment includes special walkers and spoons for the stroke patient.
addiction
Acquired dependence on a drug.
Addison's disease
Disease named for Thomas Addison, a British physician, that results from a deficiency in adrenocortical hormones. There may be an increased pigmentation of the skin, generalized weakness, and weight loss.
additive
The sum of the action of two (or more) drugs given in this case, the total strength of the medications is equal to the sum of the strength of each individual drug.
adduction
Directional term meaning to move toward the median or middle line of the body.
adductor longus
A leg muscle named for the direction the fibers pull. This muscle contracts to adduct or pull the leg in toward the midline.
adenocarcinoma
Malignant adenoma in a glandular organ.
adenoidectomy
Excision of the adenoids.
adenoiditis
Inflammation of the adenoid tissue.
adenoids
Another term for pharyngeal tonsils. The tonsils are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.
adenoma
Neoplasm or tumor of a gland.
adhesion
Scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle making it difficult to stretch the muscle.
adipectomy
Surgical removal of fat.
adipose tissue
A type of connective tissue. Also called fat. It stores energy and provides protective padding for underlying structures.
adrenal feminization
Development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breasts) in a male; often as a result of increased estrogen secretion by the adrenal cortex.
adrenal gland
A pair of glands in the endocrine system located just above each kidney. This gland is composed of two sections, the cortex and the medulla, that function independently of each other. The cortex secretes steroids, such as aldosterone, cortisol, androgens, estrogens, and progestins. The medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. The adrenal glands are regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone, which is secreted by the pituitary gland.
adrenal medulla
The inner portion of the adrenal gland. It secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
adrenal virilism
Development of male secondary sexual characteristics (such as deeper voice and facial hair) in a female; often as a result of increased androgen secretion by the adrenal cortex.
adrenalectomy
Excision of the adrenal gland.
adrenaline
A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. Also known as epinephrine. Some of its actions include increasing heart rate and force of contraction, bronchodilation, and relaxation of intestinal muscles.
adrenalitis
Inflammation of an adrenal gland.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
A hormone secreted by anterior pituitary. It regulates function of the adrenal gland cortex.
adrenomegaly
Enlarged adrenal gland.
adrenopathy
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
aerosol
Drugs inhaled directly into the nose and mouth.
afferent arteriole
Arteriole that carries blood into the glomerulus.
afferent neurons
Nerve that carries impulses to the brain and spinal cord from the skin and sense organs. Also called sensory neurons.
afterbirth
Another name for the placenta.
agglutinate
Clumping together to form small clusters. Platelets agglutinate to start the clotting process.
derm/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
melan/o
black
adip/o
fat
cyan/o
blue
cutane/o
skin
sub-
below,under
epi-
upon, over, above
per-
through
ankyl/o
stiff joint
arthr/o
joint
articul/o
joint
burs/o
sac
carp/o
wrist
cervic/o
neck
chondr/o
cartilage
clavicul/o
clavicle,collerbone
coccyg/o
coccyx, tailbone
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull, head
femor/o
femur, thigh bone
fibul/o
fibula, smaler outer bone of lower leg
humer/o
humerus, upper arm bone
ili/o
ilium, part of hipbone
ischi/o
ischium, part of hipbone
kyph/o
hump
lamin/o
lamina, part of vertebra
mandibul/o
mandible,jawbone
maxill/o
maxilla, upper jawbone
metacarp/o
metacarpals, hand bones
metatars/o
metatarsals, foot bones
myel/o
bone marrow
orth/o
straight
oste/o
bone
patell/o
patella, knee cap
ped/o
foot
pelv/o
pelvis
phalang/o
phalanges,bones of fingers and toes
pub/o
pubis,part of hipbone
radi/o
radius,lower arm bone
sacr/o
sacrum
scapul/o
scapula, shoulder lade
scoil/o
crooked,bent
spondyl/o
vertebrae, backbone
stern/o
sternum, breastbone
synovi/o
synovial membrane
tars/o
ankle
thorac/o
chest
tibi/o
tibia, inner bone of lower leg
uln/o
ulna, lower arm bone
vertebr/o
vertebra, backbone
-blast
immature, embryonic
EXAMPLE=
osteoblast
-clasia
to surgically break
EXAMPLE=
osteoclasia
-desis
stabilize, fuse
EXAMPLE=
arthodesis
-listhesis
slipping
EXAMPLE=
spondylolisthesis
-malacia
softening
EXAMPLE=
osteomalacia
-porosis
porous
EXAMPLE=
osteoporosis
-scopy
procedure to visually examine
EXAMPLE=
arthroscopy
-tome
instument to cut
EXAMPLE=
osteotome
my/o
muscle
muscul/o
muscle
abdomin/o
abdomen
acous/o
hearing
acr/o
extremities
aden/o
gland
adenoid/o
adenoids
adip/o
fat
adren/o
adrenal glands
adrenal/o
adrenal glands
aer/o
air
aggulutin/o
clumping
albin/o
white
albumin/o
albumin
alveol/o
white
alveol/o
alveolus; air sac
ambly/o
dull or him
amni/o
amniom
an/o
anus
andr/o
male
angi/o
vessel
anter/o
front
anthrac
coal
anxi/o
anxiety
aort/o
aorta
append/o
appendix
appendic/o
appendix
aque/o
water
arteri/o
artery
arthr/o
joint
neur/o
nerve
cephal/o
head
cerebell/o
cerebellum
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
cerebr/o
cerebrum
mening/o
meninges
-itis
inflammation
-esthesia
feeling, sensation
-algesia
pain, sensitivity
-kinesia
movement
-iatrist
physician
-plegia
paralysis
-paresis
weakness
hemi-
half
a-
without, away from
sub-
below, under
quad-
four
cerebrum
The largest section of the brain. It is located in the upper portion and is the area that possess our thoughts, judgement, memory, and association skills, and the ability to discriminate between items.
centeral nervous system
(CNS)
The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. It recives impulses from all over the body, processes this information, and then responds with an action. It consists of both gray matter and white matter.
cerebellum
The second largest portion of the brain, located beneath the posterior portion of the cerebrum. This part of the brain aids in coordinating voluntary body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium. It is attached to the brain stem by pons. The cerebellum refines the muscular movement that is initiated in the cerebrum.
agranulocyte
Nongranular leukocyte. This is one of the two types of leukocytes found in plasma that are classified as either monocytes or lymphocytes.
AIDS-related complex (ARC)
Early stage of AIDS. There is a positive test for the virus but only mild symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia.
alanine transaminase (ALT)
An enzyme normally present in the blood. Blood levels are increased in persons with liver disease.
albino
A person not able to produce melanin. An albino person has white hair and skin and the pupils of the eye are red.
albumin
A protein that is normally found circulating in the bloodstream. It is abnormal for albumin to be in the urine.
albuminuria
Albumin (protein) in the urine.
aldosterone
A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It regulates the levels of sodium and potassium in the body and as a side effect the volume of water lost in urine.
alimentary canal
Also known as the gastrointestinal system or digestive system. This system covers the area between the mouth and the anus and includes 30 feet of intestinal tubing. It has a wide range of functions. This system serves to store and digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. The major organs of this system are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus.
allergen
Antigen capable of causing a hypersensitivity or allergy in the body.
allergy
Hypersensitivity to a substance in the environment or a medication.
allograft
Skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver.
alopecia
Absence or loss of hair, especially of the head.
alveoli
The tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. The alveoli are surrounded by a capillary network. Gas exchange takes place as oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar and capillary walls.
Alzheimer's disease
Chronic, organic mental disorder consisting f dementia that is more prevalent in adults between 40 and 60. Involves progressive disorientation, apathy, speech and gait disturbances, and loss of memory.
amblyopia
Loss of vision not as a result of eye pathology; usually occurs in patients who see two images. In order to see only one image, the brain will no longer recognize the image being sent to it by one of the eyes; may occur if strabismus is not corrected; commonly referred to as lazy eye.