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184 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
abdominal
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Pertaining to the abdomen.
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abdominal cavity
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The superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity.
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abdominal ultrasonography
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Using ultrasound equipment to produce sound waves that create an image of the abdominal organs.
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abdominopelvic cavity
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A ventral cavity consisting of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. It contains digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs.
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abduction
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Directional term meaning to move away from the median or middle line of the body.
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abnormal psychology
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The study and treatment of behaviors that are outside of normal and are detrimental to the person or society. These maladaptive behaviors range from occasional difficulty coping with stress, to bizarre actions and beliefs, to total withdrawal.
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ABO system
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The major system of blood typing.
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abortion (AB)
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Termination of a pregnancy before the fetus reaches a viable point in development.
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abrasion
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Scraping away a portion of the surface of the skin. Performed to remove acne scars, tattoos, and scar tissue.
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abruptio placentae
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Emergency condition in which the placenta tears away from the uterine wall before the 20th week of pregnancy. Requires immediate delivery of the baby.
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abscess
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Swelling of soft tissues of the jaw as a result of infection.
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acapnia
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Lack of carbon dioxide.
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accessory organs
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The accessory organs to the digestive system consists of the organs that are part of the system, but not part of the continuous tube from mouth to anus. The accessory organs are the liver, pancreas, gall bladder, and salivary glands.
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accommodation (Acc)
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Ability of the eye to adjust to variations in distance.
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achromatopsia
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Condition of color blindness; more common in males.
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acidosis
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Excessive acidity of body fluids due to the accumulation of acids, as in diabetic acidosis.
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acne
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Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles that results in papules and pustules.
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acne rosacea
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Hypertrophy of sebaceous glands causing thickened skin generally on the nose, forehead, and cheeks.
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acne vulgaris
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A common form of acne occurring in adolescence from an oversecretion of the oil glands. It is characterized by papules, pustules, blackheads, and whiteheads.
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acoustic
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Pertaining to hearing.
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acoustic neuroma
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Benign tumor of the eighth cranial nerve sheath, which can cause symptoms from pressure being exerted on tissues.
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acquired immunity
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The protective response of the body to a specific pathogen.
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
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Disease that involves a defect in the cell-mediated immunity system. A syndrome of opportunistic infections that occur in the final stages of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus attacks T4 lymphocytes and destroys them, which reduces the person's ability to fight infection.
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acromegaly
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Chronic disease of adults that results in an elongation and enlargement of the bones of the head and extremities. There can also be mood changes.
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action
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The type of movement a muscle produces.
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active acquired immunity
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Immunity developing after direct exposure to a pathogen.
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active exercises
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Exercises that a patient performs without assistance.
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active range of motion (AROM)
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Range of motion for joints that a patient is able to perform without the assistance of someone else.
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active-resistive exercises
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Exercises in which the patient will work against an artificial resistance applied to a muscle, such as a weight. Used to increase strength.
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activities of daily living (ADL)
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The activities usually performed in the course of a normal day, such as eating, dressing, and washing.
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acute care hospital
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Hospitals that typically provide services to diagnose (laboratory, diagnostic imaging) and treat (surgery, medications, therapy) diseases for a short period of time. In addition, they usually provide emergency and obstetrical care. Also called general hospital.
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adaptive equipment
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Equipment used by the elderly that has been structured to aid them in mobility, eating, and managing the other activities of daily living. This equipment includes special walkers and spoons for the stroke patient.
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addiction
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Acquired dependence on a drug.
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Addison's disease
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Disease named for Thomas Addison, a British physician, that results from a deficiency in adrenocortical hormones. There may be an increased pigmentation of the skin, generalized weakness, and weight loss.
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additive
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The sum of the action of two (or more) drugs given in this case, the total strength of the medications is equal to the sum of the strength of each individual drug.
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adduction
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Directional term meaning to move toward the median or middle line of the body.
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adductor longus
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A leg muscle named for the direction the fibers pull. This muscle contracts to adduct or pull the leg in toward the midline.
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adenocarcinoma
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Malignant adenoma in a glandular organ.
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adenoidectomy
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Excision of the adenoids.
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adenoiditis
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Inflammation of the adenoid tissue.
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adenoids
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Another term for pharyngeal tonsils. The tonsils are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in the nasopharynx to combat microorganisms entering the body through the nose.
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adenoma
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Neoplasm or tumor of a gland.
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adhesion
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Scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle making it difficult to stretch the muscle.
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adipectomy
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Surgical removal of fat.
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adipose tissue
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A type of connective tissue. Also called fat. It stores energy and provides protective padding for underlying structures.
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adrenal feminization
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Development of female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breasts) in a male; often as a result of increased estrogen secretion by the adrenal cortex.
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adrenal gland
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A pair of glands in the endocrine system located just above each kidney. This gland is composed of two sections, the cortex and the medulla, that function independently of each other. The cortex secretes steroids, such as aldosterone, cortisol, androgens, estrogens, and progestins. The medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. The adrenal glands are regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone, which is secreted by the pituitary gland.
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adrenal medulla
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The inner portion of the adrenal gland. It secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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adrenal virilism
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Development of male secondary sexual characteristics (such as deeper voice and facial hair) in a female; often as a result of increased androgen secretion by the adrenal cortex.
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adrenalectomy
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Excision of the adrenal gland.
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adrenaline
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A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. Also known as epinephrine. Some of its actions include increasing heart rate and force of contraction, bronchodilation, and relaxation of intestinal muscles.
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adrenalitis
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Inflammation of an adrenal gland.
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adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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A hormone secreted by anterior pituitary. It regulates function of the adrenal gland cortex.
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adrenomegaly
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Enlarged adrenal gland.
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adrenopathy
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adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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aerosol
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Drugs inhaled directly into the nose and mouth.
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afferent arteriole
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Arteriole that carries blood into the glomerulus.
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afferent neurons
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Nerve that carries impulses to the brain and spinal cord from the skin and sense organs. Also called sensory neurons.
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afterbirth
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Another name for the placenta.
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agglutinate
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Clumping together to form small clusters. Platelets agglutinate to start the clotting process.
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derm/o
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skin
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dermat/o
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skin
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melan/o
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black
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adip/o
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fat
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cyan/o
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blue
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cutane/o
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skin
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sub-
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below,under
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epi-
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upon, over, above
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per-
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through
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ankyl/o
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stiff joint
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arthr/o
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joint
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articul/o
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joint
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burs/o
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sac
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carp/o
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wrist
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cervic/o
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neck
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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clavicul/o
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clavicle,collerbone
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coccyg/o
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coccyx, tailbone
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cost/o
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rib
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crani/o
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skull, head
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femor/o
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femur, thigh bone
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fibul/o
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fibula, smaler outer bone of lower leg
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humer/o
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humerus, upper arm bone
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ili/o
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ilium, part of hipbone
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ischi/o
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ischium, part of hipbone
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kyph/o
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hump
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lamin/o
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lamina, part of vertebra
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mandibul/o
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mandible,jawbone
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maxill/o
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maxilla, upper jawbone
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metacarp/o
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metacarpals, hand bones
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metatars/o
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metatarsals, foot bones
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myel/o
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bone marrow
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orth/o
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straight
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oste/o
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bone
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patell/o
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patella, knee cap
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ped/o
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foot
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pelv/o
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pelvis
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phalang/o
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phalanges,bones of fingers and toes
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pub/o
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pubis,part of hipbone
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radi/o
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radius,lower arm bone
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sacr/o
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sacrum
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scapul/o
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scapula, shoulder lade
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scoil/o
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crooked,bent
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spondyl/o
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vertebrae, backbone
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stern/o
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sternum, breastbone
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synovi/o
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synovial membrane
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tars/o
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ankle
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thorac/o
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chest
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tibi/o
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tibia, inner bone of lower leg
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uln/o
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ulna, lower arm bone
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vertebr/o
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vertebra, backbone
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-blast
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immature, embryonic
EXAMPLE= osteoblast |
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-clasia
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to surgically break
EXAMPLE= osteoclasia |
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-desis
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stabilize, fuse
EXAMPLE= arthodesis |
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-listhesis
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slipping
EXAMPLE= spondylolisthesis |
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-malacia
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softening
EXAMPLE= osteomalacia |
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-porosis
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porous
EXAMPLE= osteoporosis |
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-scopy
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procedure to visually examine
EXAMPLE= arthroscopy |
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-tome
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instument to cut
EXAMPLE= osteotome |
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my/o
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muscle
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muscul/o
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muscle
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abdomin/o
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abdomen
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acous/o
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hearing
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acr/o
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extremities
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aden/o
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gland
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adenoid/o
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adenoids
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adip/o
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fat
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adren/o
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adrenal glands
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adrenal/o
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adrenal glands
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aer/o
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air
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aggulutin/o
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clumping
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albin/o
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white
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albumin/o
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albumin
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alveol/o
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white
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alveol/o
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alveolus; air sac
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ambly/o
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dull or him
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amni/o
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amniom
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an/o
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anus
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andr/o
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male
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angi/o
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vessel
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anter/o
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front
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anthrac
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coal
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anxi/o
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anxiety
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aort/o
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aorta
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append/o
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appendix
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appendic/o
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appendix
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aque/o
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water
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arteri/o
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artery
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arthr/o
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joint
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neur/o
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nerve
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cephal/o
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head
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cerebell/o
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cerebellum
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myel/o
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spinal cord, bone marrow
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cerebr/o
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cerebrum
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mening/o
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meninges
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-itis
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inflammation
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-esthesia
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feeling, sensation
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-algesia
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pain, sensitivity
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-kinesia
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movement
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-iatrist
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physician
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-plegia
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paralysis
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-paresis
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weakness
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hemi-
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half
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a-
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without, away from
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sub-
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below, under
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quad-
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four
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cerebrum
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The largest section of the brain. It is located in the upper portion and is the area that possess our thoughts, judgement, memory, and association skills, and the ability to discriminate between items.
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centeral nervous system
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The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. It recives impulses from all over the body, processes this information, and then responds with an action. It consists of both gray matter and white matter.
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cerebellum
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The second largest portion of the brain, located beneath the posterior portion of the cerebrum. This part of the brain aids in coordinating voluntary body movements and maintaining balance and equilibrium. It is attached to the brain stem by pons. The cerebellum refines the muscular movement that is initiated in the cerebrum.
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agranulocyte
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Nongranular leukocyte. This is one of the two types of leukocytes found in plasma that are classified as either monocytes or lymphocytes.
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AIDS-related complex (ARC)
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Early stage of AIDS. There is a positive test for the virus but only mild symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia.
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alanine transaminase (ALT)
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An enzyme normally present in the blood. Blood levels are increased in persons with liver disease.
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albino
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A person not able to produce melanin. An albino person has white hair and skin and the pupils of the eye are red.
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albumin
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A protein that is normally found circulating in the bloodstream. It is abnormal for albumin to be in the urine.
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albuminuria
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Albumin (protein) in the urine.
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aldosterone
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A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It regulates the levels of sodium and potassium in the body and as a side effect the volume of water lost in urine.
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alimentary canal
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Also known as the gastrointestinal system or digestive system. This system covers the area between the mouth and the anus and includes 30 feet of intestinal tubing. It has a wide range of functions. This system serves to store and digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. The major organs of this system are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus.
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allergen
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Antigen capable of causing a hypersensitivity or allergy in the body.
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allergy
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Hypersensitivity to a substance in the environment or a medication.
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allograft
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Skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver.
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alopecia
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Absence or loss of hair, especially of the head.
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alveoli
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The tiny air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. The alveoli are surrounded by a capillary network. Gas exchange takes place as oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar and capillary walls.
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Alzheimer's disease
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Chronic, organic mental disorder consisting f dementia that is more prevalent in adults between 40 and 60. Involves progressive disorientation, apathy, speech and gait disturbances, and loss of memory.
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amblyopia
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Loss of vision not as a result of eye pathology; usually occurs in patients who see two images. In order to see only one image, the brain will no longer recognize the image being sent to it by one of the eyes; may occur if strabismus is not corrected; commonly referred to as lazy eye.
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