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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiratory System
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Responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. - cells get required oxygen and get rid of waste product.
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Repiration
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one inspiration and one expiration.
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normal respiration rate
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10 -20 per minute
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nasal cavity
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where the air enters
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septum
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divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
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olfactory neurons
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receptors for smell
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cilia
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thin hairs that filter particles from the air, entering the nasal cavity
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pharynx
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passageway for air and food
also known as throat |
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nasopharynx
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in back of the nose
passageway for air contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) |
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oropharynx
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in back of the mouth
passageway for air and food contains the palatine tonsils (tonsils) |
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larynopharynx
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above the larynx
passageway for air and food |
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larynx
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voicebox responsible for sound
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epiglottis
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"lid" over the larynx that prevents food and liquid from getting into the lungs
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trachea
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windpipe
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bronchi
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two branches of the trachea
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bronchioles
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small bronchus
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bronchial tree
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all of the divisions of bronchi
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alveoli
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air sacs at the end of the bronchioles
where the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place |
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lobes
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the divisions if the lungs
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3 lobes
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right lung
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2 lobes
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left lung
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apex
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top of the lung
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hilum
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middle of the lung
where the activity is (blood vessels, nerves, etc) |
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base
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bottom of the lung
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mediastinum
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space between the lungs where the heart, aorta, esophagus and bronchi are
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pleura
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a membrane that surrounds the lung and also lines the thoracic cavity
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pleura cavity
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the space between the two layers of the pleura membrane has lubricating fluid
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diaphragm
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very important for respiration/breathing
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phrenic nerve
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causes the diaphragm to move
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COPD
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - includes asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
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COLD
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chronic obstructive lung disease also called COPD
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asthma
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spasms in the bronchial passage
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paroxysmal
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sudden and violent (spasms)
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mucolytics
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medications that open up the bronchi, breaking down mucus so it is couged up more easily
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bronchodilators
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medications that open up the bronchi passage, by dialating the bronchi
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chronic bronchitis
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inflammation of bronochi
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expectorants
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medications to help remove mucus from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea
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emphysema
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alveoli lose elasticity, - air sacs expand but can not contract to the original size
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orthopnea
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patients breath easier when sitting or standing (straight breathing)
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influenza
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flu
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pleural effusions
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excess fluid in the peural cavity
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TB
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tuberculosis
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bronchopneumonia
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any inflammatory disease of the lungs
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lobar pneumonia
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affects only a lobe of the lung
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double pneumonia
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affects both the right and left lungs
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cystic fibrosis
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hereditary disorder which is systemic (whole system/body) especially the lungs, pancreas, and digestive tract
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viscous
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extremely thick (i.e. mucus)
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RDS
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Respiratory distress syndrome - absence or impairment in the reproduction of surfactant (wetting agent) which keeps the lungs from collapsing during exhalation
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IRDS
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infant respiratory distress syndrome - use to be called hyaline membrane disease
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ARDS
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Adult respiratory distress syndrome
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croup
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viral infection in young children with symptoms of hoarseness an barking cough
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pneumothorax
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accumulation of air in the pleural space which causes the lung to collapse
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atelectasis
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incomplete dilation/collapsed lung
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coryza
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common cold
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epistaxis
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nose bleed
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pertussis
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whooping cough
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pleurisy; pleuritis
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inflammation of pleura
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pneumoconiosis; anthracosis; asbestosis
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dust in the lungs (coal dust or asbestos)
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pulmonary edema
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excess fluid in the lungs
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pulmonary embolus
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floating clot in the lung
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SIDS
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Sudden infant death syndrome - also known as crib death
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tuberculin test; Mantoux
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diagnose TB
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antiussives
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medication to stop coughing
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decongestants
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medications to clear the nasal area
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CO2
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carbon dioxide
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CPR
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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CXR
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chest x-ray
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O2
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Oxygen
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SOB
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shortness of breath
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T&A
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tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
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TPR
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temperature, pulse, and respiration
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URI
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upper respiratory infection
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upper respiratory tract
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nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
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lower respiratory tract
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bronchial tree and lungs
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sinus
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air filled cavity in a bone
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agonal breathing
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describes breathing near death
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asphyxiation/suffocation
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interruption of breathing, could result in unconsciousness or death
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cyanosis
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abnormal condition of blue - skin is blue because of the lack of oxygen
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normal aspiration
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removing fluids or gases from a body cavity by suction (during surgery)
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abnormal aspiration
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inhaling a substabce (i.e. food) into the upper respiratory tract
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hyperventilation
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abnormally fast deep breathing - the cells will have decreased amount of co2
asthma, and anxiety can cause |
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pharyngitis
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inflammation of the throat
"sore throat" |
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dysphonia
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bad voice - "hoarseness"
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tracheotomy
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incision into the trachea - emergency procedure to get air into the airway
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trachostomy
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new opening into the trachea creating a new hole into the trachea so a tube can be inserted for air passage and removal of secretions
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stoma
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hole/opening on the body
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patent
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open (airways are patent)
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ventilator
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mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
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auscultation
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listening to sounds within the body, with a stethoscope
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percussion
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tapping and listening to see if there is a probem in the body
solid = dull sound air filled (lungs) = hollow sound |
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rales
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abnormal crackling sounds heard during inspiration. caused by fluid inside the bronchus
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rhonchi
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abnormal wheezing sounds heard during expirartion.
caused by narrowed bronchus, like asthma |
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sleep apnea
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person quits breathing during sleep
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legionnaires disease
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type of pneumonia
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RSV
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respiratory syncytial virus
affects babies and small children winter or spring |
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SARS
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severe acute respiratory syndrome
flu like symptoms prevelant in china |
