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152 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Accessory organs of the Integumentary System
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Sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, nails
Skin is included in system but not an accessory |
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Integument
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skin
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Pathogens
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disease causing organisms
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Sensory receptors
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detect tempature, pain touch, and pressure. Located in the skin
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Skin glands
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sweat and sebaceous
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Sweat gland
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assist the body in maintaining internal tempature cooling effect when sweat evaporates
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Sebaceous glands
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Oil gland produce sebum
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Sebum
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Produced by the sebaceous gland lubricates the skin
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Membrane types
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Epithelial membranes and Connective tissue membranes
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Epithelial membranes
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superficial layer of epithelial tissue and underlying layer of connective tissue
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Connective tissue membrane
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containes only connective tissue
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types of epithlial membranes
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Cutaneous membrane
Serous membranes Mucous membranes |
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Cutaneous membrane
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another term for skin
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Serous membranes
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lines body cavity. Secretes a thin watery fluid to lubercate and reduce friction when organs rub against each other
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Mucous membranes
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lines body passages that open directly to the exterior of the body. Example Mouth , reproductive tract. Secrete a sticky fluid called mucus to trap pathogens
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Synovial membranes
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most common connective tissue membrane. lining found in joint capsules, secrete fluid for joints
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Layers of skin
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Epidermis
Dermis Subcutaneous |
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Subcutaneous
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innermost layer of the skin containing fatty tissue
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Epidermis
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Thin outermost membrane layer of the skin
No blood supply or connective tissue |
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Dermis
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the middle layer of the skin, fibrous connective tissue layer
Meaning = "True skin" |
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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the flat scale like squamous cells overlapping in a strata layer makes up the epidermis
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Basal layer
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deepest layer of the epidermis. Cells here continually grow and multiply
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Keratin
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hard protein that fills old cells as they get pushed to the outerlayer, skrink and die. These cells make the skin waterproof
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Melanocytes
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special cells in the basal layer produce black pigment
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Melanin
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Produce black pigment responsible for the color of skin protects from ultraviolet rays
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Corium
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also known as dermis
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Collagen fibers
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dermis is composed of these living connective tissues
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located in the dermis
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Hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, sensory receptors, nerve fibers, and muscle fibers.
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Lipocytes
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layer of tissue found in the subcutaneous layer acts as insulation for heat and cold
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Hair follicle
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the hair shaft grows toward the surface inside this
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Hair root
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these deep cells force older keratinized cells to move upward forming the hair shaft
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Hair shaft
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formed by the hair root pusing older keratinized cells upward
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Nail body
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flat plate of keratin covering the ends of fingers and toes
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Nail bed
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connects the nail body to the tissue underneath
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Nail root
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found at the base of the nail the nail grows from here
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Cuticle
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soft tissue that covers and protects the nail root
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Free edge
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esposed edge of the nail
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Lunula
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light half moon at the base of the nail
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Cyanosis
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Deoxygenated blood that is very dark purple-red
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Sweat duct
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sweat travels throught the surface through this
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Sweat pore
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surface opening of a sweat duct
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Apocrine glands
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found in the pubis and underarm area secretes thicker sweat with an ordor if in contact with bacteria
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Macule
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Primary Skin lesion
flat change of color less than 1 cm Example freckles |
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Papule
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Primary Skin lesion
Elevated solid no color change smaller than .5 cm |
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Nodule
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Primary Skin lesion
Elevated solid deeper than a papule .5 to 2 cm |
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Vesicle
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Primary Skin lesion
Elevated, fluid filled, round or oval, thin translucent borders smaller than .5 cm Example Herpes, chicken pox |
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Wheal
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Primary Skin lesion
Elevated, reddish irregular border Example: bites, hives |
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Pustule
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Primary Skin lesion
Elevated, puss filled vesicle Size varies Example: acne, impetigo |
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Cyst
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Primary Skin lesion
Elevated encapsulated fliud mass from the subcutaneous or dermis layer 1 cm or larger |
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Ulcer
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Secondary Skin lesion
Deep irregular shape of skin loss in dermis or subcutaneous Example decubitus ulcer |
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Fissure
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Secondary Skin lesion
Linear crack with sharp edges into dermis Example corner of mouth |
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Cicatrix
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Secondary Skin lesion
flat irregular connective tissue after a lesion or wound healed |
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Keloid
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Secondary Skin lesion
Elevated irregular darkened area of excess scar caused by extra collagen formation |
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Abrasion
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scraping away of the skin surface by friction
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Abscess
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collection of pus in the skin
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albino
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genetic condition person does not make melanin. White hair and skin red pupils
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alopecia
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absence or loss of hair
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Comedo
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Collection of hardened sebum in the hair follicle. Also called blackhead
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Contusion
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injury caused by blow to body
sweeling, pain, bruising no skin broken |
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Decubitus Ulcer
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Open sore from pressure on bony prominences cutting off blood. Bead sore or Pressure sore
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depigmentation
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loss of normal skin color or pigment
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Dermatologist
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MD specializing in the integumentary system.
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Diaphoresis
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profuse sweating
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Ecchymosis
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Skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin. Bruise
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Erythema
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Redness or flushing of the skin
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Frostbite
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Effect of freezing on the body
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hemangioma
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benign tumor of dialated blood vessels
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hirsutism
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Excess hair growth over the body
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hyperemia
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redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow
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hyperpigmentation
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Abnormal amount of pigment in the skin
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Male pattern baldness
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Begins a receding hairline then bald on top hair on sides
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nevus
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pigmented congenital skin blemish, birthmark, mole
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pediculosis
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infestation with lice
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Petechiae
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pinpoint red or purple spots from minute hemorrhages under the sskin
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photosensitivity
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skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light
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pruritus
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severe itching
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purpura
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hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels
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purulent
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containing or producing pus
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scabies
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contagious skin disease caused by egg laying mite burrows in skin itching and redness
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suppurative
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containing or producing pus
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urticaria
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Hives
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verruca
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Warts benign growth caused by virus
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Vitiligo
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disappearance of pigment from skin in patches
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leukoderma
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disappearance of pigment from skin in patches
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acne
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inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles causing papules and pustules
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acne rosacea
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acne in adults nose and cheeks
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acne vulgaris
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acne in teenagers
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basal cell carcinoma
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cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer. Frequent skin cancer
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burn
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damage to skin caused from expose to open fire, electricity, sun, chemicals.
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1st degree burn
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Damage to the epidermis layer. no blisters or scars
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2nd degree burn
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Damage through epidermis into dermis causes vesicles to form. Scarring Also called partial thickness burn
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3rd degree burn
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damage to full thickness of skin and into underlying tissue. Infection is concern. Grafts may be required. Called full thickness burn
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carbuncle
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furuncle involving several hair follicles
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cellulitis
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a diffuse, acute infection and inflammation of the skin
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dry gangrene
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late stages of gangrene area becoming black and leathery
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eczema
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superficial dermatitis of unknown cause. papules, vesicles and crusting
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furuncle
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bacterial infection of the hair follicle. redness pain swelling. Called boil
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gangrene
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tissue necrosis due to deficient blood supply
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ichthyosis
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condition skin dry, scaly and keratinized
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impetigo
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a bacterial infection of the skin with pustules that rupture and crust
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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Skin cancer seen in AIDS. Brownish purple papules spread over skin and metastasize to internal organs
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leukoplakia
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change in mucous membrane thick white plate like patches on tongue and cheek. Considered precancerous
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Malignant melanoma
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dangerous form of skin cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of melanocytes
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onychia
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infected nail bed
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paronychia
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infection in the nail
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pemphigus vulgaris
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blisters form in the skin and mucous membrane
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psorisis
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chronic inflammatory condition crusty papules
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rubella
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contagious viral skin infection. German measles
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Shingles
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Eruption of vesicles along the nerve path rash and pain. Same virus as chicken pox
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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epidermal cancer may go deeper but usualy does not metastasize
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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chronic disease of the connective tissue. Injures skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system and mucous membrane. Butterfly rash on nose.
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tinea
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fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions
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tinea capitis
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fungal infection of the scalp
Ringworm |
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tinea pedis
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fungal infection of the foot
Athlete's foot |
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varicella
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Contagious viral skin infection.
Chicken pox |
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Wet gangrene
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area of gangrene becoming infected by pus producing bacteria
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biopsy
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piece of tissue is removed to examine under microscope. Aid in diagnosis
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culture and sensitivity
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A lab test that grows a colony of bacteria from the infected area to determine the specific infecting bacteria and its sentitivity to antibotics
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exfoliative cytology
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scrapping cells from tissue and examining under microscope
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Frozen section
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thin piece of tissue is cut from frozen section for rapid examination
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fungal scrapings
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scrapings taken with scraper of tissue from lesions put on growth mediuim to examine and determine fungal growth
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needle biopsy
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sterile needle to remove tissue form examination
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skin tests
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test to see patients reaction to allergens by injecting small amount under the skin
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sweat test
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performed on sweat to determine level of chloride. An increase is seen with the disease cystic fibrosis
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adipectomy
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surgical removal of fat
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allograft
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skin graft from one to another
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autograft
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skin graft from self
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cauterization
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Destruction of tissue with caustic chemical, electric current, freezing, or hot iron
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chemabrasion
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abrasion with chemicals
Chemical peel |
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cryosurgery
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use of extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue
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curettage
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removal of superfiscial skin lessions with curette or scraper
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debridement
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removal of foreign material dead damaged tissue from wound
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dermabrasion
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abrasion or rubbing with wire brushes or sandpaper. removes acne scars, tattoos
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dermatome
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instrument for cutting the skin
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dermatoplasty
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skin grafting transplantation of skin
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electrocautery
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destroy skin with electrical current
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heterograft
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skin graft from an animal to human. usually a pig
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xenograft
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skin graft from an animal to human. usually a pig
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incision and drainage
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make an incision to creat an opening for the drainage of material like pus
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laser therapy
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removal of skin lesions and birthmarks using a laser beam
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liposuction
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removal of fat beneath the skin by means of suction
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plication
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taking tucks surgically in a structure to shorten it
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rhytidectomy
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surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles
Face lift |
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skin graft
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transfer skin from a normal area to cover another site
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anesthetics
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applied to the skin to deaden pain
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antibiotic
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kill bacteria causing skin infections
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antifungals
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kill fungi infecting the skin
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anti-inflammatory drugs
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reduce skin inflammation or itching
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antiparasitics
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kill mites or lice
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antipruritics
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reduce severe itching
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antiseptics
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used to kill bacteria in skin cuts wound or surgical site
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corticosteroid cream
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specific type of powerful anti-inflammatory cream
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