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462 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a-
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Without
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ab-
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away from
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-ac
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pertaining to
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acr-
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extremities
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ad-
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towards
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adeno-
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Gland
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adren-
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adrenal gland
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agglutin
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clumping, sticking together
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-al
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pertaining to
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alb-
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white
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-algia
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pain
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an-
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anus
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ana-
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up, apart, backward
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andr-
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male
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angi-
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vessel (blood)
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ante-
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before, forward
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-apheresis
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removal
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apo-
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off, away
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-ar
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pertaining to
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-arche
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beginning
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aterio-
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artery
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arthr-
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joint
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articulo-
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joint
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-ary
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pertaining to
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-ase
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enzyme
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-asthenia
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lack of strength
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-ation
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process, condition
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audi-
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hearing
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aur-
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ear
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auto-
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self or own
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baro-
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weight
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baro-
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weight
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bi-
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2
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bio-
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life
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-blast
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embryonic, immature
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blephar-
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eyelid
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brachi-
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arm
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brady-
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slow
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bronch-
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bronchial tube
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bucc-
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cheeck
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capn-
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CO2
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carcin-
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cancer
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cardi-
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heart
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caus-
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burn, burning
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cec-
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cecum (1st part of colon)
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-cele
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hernia
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cephal-
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head
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cerebro-
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cerebrum (largest part of brain)
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cervic-
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neck
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-chalasia
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relaxation
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cheil-
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lip
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chemo-
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drug, chemical
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-chezia
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defecation, stools
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chol-
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bile, gall
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cholecyst-
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gallbladder
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chondro-
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cartilage
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-cide
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killing
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-clasis
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to break
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-clysis
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to break
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-coccus
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berry-shaped bacteria
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colp-
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vagina
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comi-
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to care for
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con-
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with
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contra-
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against, opposite
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corpor-
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body
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cortic-
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cortex, outer region
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cost-
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rib
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crani-
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skull
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-crit
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to separate
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cryo-
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cold
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crypt-
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hidden
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cutane-
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skin
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cyan-
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blue
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cyclo-
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ciliary body (eye muscle)
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cysto-
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urinary bladder
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-cyt(e)
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cell
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-cytosis
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condition of cells
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dacry-
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tears
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de-
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lack of
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derm-
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skin
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-desis
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bind or tie together
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dia-
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complete, through
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diaphor-
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sweat
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-dilation
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widening, stretching
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diplo-
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double
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dips-
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thirst
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dist-
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far, distant
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dorsi-
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back
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-dynia
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pain
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dys-
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difficult or bad
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ec-
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out, outside
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-ectasis
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stretching, dilation
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-ectomy
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removal, excision, resection
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-edema
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swelling
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-emisis
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vomiting
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-emia
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blood condition
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en- or endo-
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within
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epi-
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above
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erythem-
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red
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-esis
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condition
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-estro
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female
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etio-
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cause
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eu-
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normal, good
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exo-
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away from
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fasci-
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membrane supporting muscles
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femor-
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femur (thigh bone)
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-ferent
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to carry
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-fication
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process of making
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-fida
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split
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-form
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resembling
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fung-
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fungus
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galact-
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milk
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gastro-
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stomach
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-gen
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producing, forming
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-genesis
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producing, forming
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-genic
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produced by
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ger-
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old age
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gest-
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pregnancy
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-globin
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protein
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gluc-
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glucose, sugar
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-grade
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to go
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-gram
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record (noun)
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-graph
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instrument for recording
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-graphy
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process of recording
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gynec-
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female
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hem-
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blood
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hemi-
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1/2
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hepat-
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liver
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-hexia
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habit
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hist-
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tissue
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home(o)-
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sameness
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hydro-
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water
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hyper-
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above, excessive
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hypno-
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sleep
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hypo-
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below, deficient
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hystero-
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uterus
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-ia
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condition
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-iac
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pertaining to
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-icle
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small
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idio-
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unknown
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infra-
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below, beneath
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inter-
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between
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iso-
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same, equal
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-ism
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process, condition
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-itis
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inflammation
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-ium
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structure, tisse
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jaundo-
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yellow
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kal/i-
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potassium
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kerat-
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horny, hard; cornea
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-kinesia
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movement
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labi-
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lip
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lact-
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milk
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lapar-
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abdominal wall, abdomen
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lapse-
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to slide, fall, sag
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latero-
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side
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lepto-
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thin
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letho-
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death
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leuko-
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white
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lingu-
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tongue
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lipo-
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fat
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litho-
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stone calculus
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-lithiasis
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condition of stones
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lymphadeno-
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lymph gland (node)
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-lysis
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breakdown, destruction
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macro-
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large
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mal-
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bad
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-malacia
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softening
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mammo-
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breast
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mast-
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breast
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meato-
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opening
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medio-
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middle
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mega-
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large
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melano-
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black
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meso-
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middle
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meta-
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change
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micro-
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small
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mono-
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one
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morph-
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shape, form
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myelo-
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bone marrow
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myo-
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muscle
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myco-
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fungus
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myx-
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mucous
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narc-
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numbness, sleep
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naso-
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nose
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nat-
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birth
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natro-
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sodium
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necro-
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death
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nephro-
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kidney
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neuro-
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nerve
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noct-
|
night
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nulli-
|
none
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oculo-
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eye
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odonto-
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tooth
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odyn-
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pain
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-oid
|
resembling
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-ole
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small
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-oligo
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scanty
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-oma
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tumor, mass
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onc-
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tumor
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-one
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hormone
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onycho-
|
nail (finger or toe)
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-opia
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vision
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-opsy
|
view of
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oro-
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mouth
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orch-
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testis
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-orexia
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appetite
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ortho-
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straight
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-ose
|
full of, pertaining to
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-osis
|
condition of, usually abnormal
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osteo-
|
bone
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oto-
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ear
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ov-
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egg
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-oxia
|
oxygen
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pachy-
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heavy, thick
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pan-
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all
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par-
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other than, abnormal
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para-
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near, beside, abnormal, apart from
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-para
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to bear
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-paresis
|
slight paralysis
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-partum
|
birth
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patho-
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disease
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-pathy
|
disease, emotion
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ped-
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foot, child
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pend-
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to hang
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-penia
|
deficiency
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-pepsia
|
digestion
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per-
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through
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peri-
|
surrounding
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-pexy
|
fixation, to put in place
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phag-
|
to eat or swallow
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-phasia
|
speech
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-pheresis
|
removal
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-plasia
|
development, formation
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-plasty
|
surgical repair
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-plegia
|
paralysis
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-pnea
|
breathing
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pneumo-
|
lung, air
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pod-
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foot
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-poiesis
|
formation
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poikil-
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varied, irregular
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-poly
|
many
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post-
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after, behind
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pruirt-
|
itching
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proxim-
|
near
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pseudo-
|
false
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-ptosis
|
droop, prolapse
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-ptysis
|
spitting
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pulmono-
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lung
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pyo-
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pus
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pyel-
|
renal pelvis
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pyro-
|
fever, fire
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quardri-
|
4
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radio-
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x-rays
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re-
|
again, backwards
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recto-
|
rectum
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reno-
|
kidney
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retro-
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behind, backward
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rhino-
|
nose
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-rrhage
|
bursting forth of blood
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-rrhaphy
|
suture
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-rrhea
|
flow, discharge
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-rrhexis
|
rupture
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salpingo-
|
tube (esp. uterine or Eustachian)
|
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sarco-
|
flesh (connective tissue)
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-schisis
|
to split
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-sclerosis
|
hardening
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-scope
|
instrument for visual exam
|
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-scopy
|
visual exam
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secto-
|
to cut
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semi-
|
1/2
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seps-
|
infection
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-sis
|
state of, condition
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sphygm-
|
pulse
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spiro-
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to breathe
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spondylo-
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vertebra
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-stalsis
|
tightening, stricture
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sterno-
|
chest
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-sthenia
|
strength
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stetho-
|
chest
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-stitial
|
to set, position
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-stomy
|
new opening (to form a mouth)
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sub-
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under, below
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supra-
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above, upper
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syn-
|
together, with
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syncope
|
fainting
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tachy-
|
fast
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telo-
|
complete
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tetra-
|
4
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theo-
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put, place
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theco-
|
sheath
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-therapy
|
treatment
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therm
|
heat
|
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thoraco
|
chest
|
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thrombo-
|
clot
|
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-thymia
|
mind (condition of)
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-tic
|
pertaining to
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tomo-
|
to cut
|
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-tome
|
instrument to cut
|
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-tomy
|
process of cutting
|
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tox0
|
poison
|
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trach-
|
trachea, windpipe
|
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trans-
|
across, through
|
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-tresia
|
opening
|
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tri-
|
3
|
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trich-
|
hair
|
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-tripsy
|
to crush
|
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-trophy
|
development
|
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-ule
|
little, small
|
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vaso-
|
vessel
|
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ventro-
|
belly side
|
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-verse
|
to turn
|
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viscero-
|
internal organs
|
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xantho-
|
yellow
|
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xero-
|
dry
|
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zo-
|
animal life
|
|
|
Skin as 3 layers
|
Epidermis (outer most layer)
Dermis Subvutaneous tissue (deepest, contains fat layer) |
|
|
Melanin
|
gives skin its color (melanocytes)
|
|
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Collagen
|
tough, figrous tissue that gives skin its elasticity
|
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Keratin
|
hard protein found in epidermis, hair fibers, and nails
|
|
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Onycholysis
|
loosening of nail from its plate (due to trauma or infection)
|
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Macule
|
discolored, flat lesion
|
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Vesicle
|
blister
|
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Wheal
|
smooth, elevated, edematous lesion (redder or paler than surrounding skin), hives
|
|
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Pruritus
|
itching (make sure you can spell this one!)
|
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Nevus
|
mole
|
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Urticaria
|
hives (allergic reaction)
|
|
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Xeroderma
|
dry skin
|
|
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Psoriasis
|
chronic dermatitis, characterized by itchy, scaly, red patches covered by silvery gray scales
|
|
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Tinea
|
Fungal infection of the skin
|
|
|
Osteocytes
|
bone cells
|
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Ossification
|
bone formation
|
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Diaphysis
|
middle region of long bone
|
|
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Epiphysis
|
ends of long bone
|
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Fossa
|
shallow cavity in a bone
|
|
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Foramen
|
shallow cavity in a bone
|
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Cranial bones
|
frontal (front), temporal (above ears), parietal (top of head), occipital (back)
|
|
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Mandible
|
jaw
|
|
|
Zygomatic
|
high cheek bones
|
|
|
Vertebrae
|
7 cervical (neck), 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar (lower back), sacrum, coccyx (tailbone
|
|
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Clavicle
|
collar bone
|
|
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Scapula
|
shoulder blade
|
|
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Sternum
|
brestbone
|
|
|
Humerus
|
upper arm bone
|
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Olecranon
|
elbow bone
|
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Ulna
|
medial lower arm bone
|
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Radius
|
lateral lower arm bone (thumb side)
|
|
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Carpala
|
wrist bones
|
|
|
Tarsals
|
ankle bones
|
|
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Femur
|
thigh bone
|
|
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Patella
|
knee bone
|
|
|
Tibia
|
lower leg bone
bone on anterior side larger of 2 lower leg bones |
|
|
Fibula
|
lower leg bone (smaller one/ distal end forms malleolus- bony, outer ankle bone)
|
|
|
Osteitis
|
inflammation of bone
|
|
|
Arthritis
|
inflammation of joint
|
|
|
Flexion
|
bending of a joint (decrease the angle)
|
|
|
Extension
|
straightening a joint (increase angle of joint)
|
|
|
Pronation
|
turn palm down or towars posterior
|
|
|
Supination
|
turn palm up or towards anterior
|
|
|
Rotation
|
move in a circular motion/in head rotaiont is side to side
|
|
|
"Rheumato"
|
literally means watery flow.
|
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis
|
chronic disease in which joints become inflamed and painful, characterized by deformaties and ankylosis (calcifies and stiffens)
|
|
|
Osteomalacia
|
softening of bone
|
|
|
Arthroscopy
|
process of visually examining the inside of a joint
|
|
|
Achondroplasia
|
disorder of growth of cartilage at the epiphyses of long bones & skull, resulting in dwarfism
|
|
|
Ankylosing spondylitis
|
A chronic degenerative inflammatory disease that affects the spine & adjacent structures; commonly progresses to fusion of involved joints.
|
|
|
Osteosarcoma
|
malignant bony tumor
|
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Osteopenia
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deficiency or decrease of bone density
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Scoliosis
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lateral curvature of spine
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Small intestines
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Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
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Large intestines
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Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
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Hematochezia
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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Cholelithiasis
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presence or development of gallstones in common bile duct or gallbladder
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Cholecystectomy
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surgical removal of the gallbladder
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Lipase
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a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats (lipids)
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-plegia
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paralysis (hemiplegia- paralysis of 1 side of body)
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Paresis
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slight paralysis
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Asthenia
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muscle weakness
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Apraxia
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inability to perform purposeful movements or to use objects appropriately
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Ataxia
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an abnormal condition characterized by failure of muscle coordination
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Aphasia
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a speech disorder marked by loss or defect in ability to speak, write, or comprehend spoken or written language
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Aphagia
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the inability or refusal to swallow
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Syncope
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fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to cerebrum
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Bell's Palsy
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unilateral, usually temporary, facial paralysis of sudden onset, caused by a lesion of the facial nerve and resulting in facial distortion
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Myathenia Gravis
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a disorder of neuromuscular function characterized by muscle weakness, espicially of the throat and face, and chronic fatigue, caused by the presence of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
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Cerebral angiography
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X-rays taken of blood vessels of brain with use of contrast medium injected into artery
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Computed Tomography
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X-rays used to compuse computerized cross-sectional picture. May use contrast medium, which leaks thru blood-brain barrier into brain tissue
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MRI
(Magnetic Resonance Imagining) |
use of magnetic and radio waves to create images.
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PET
(Positron Emission Imaging) |
radioactive chemical is injected IV with glucose, which gives off positrons. radioacitve material is recorded on screen, shows how brain uses glucose & thus shows brain function
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EEG
(Electroencephalogram) |
reocrd of electrical activity of the brain
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Cornea
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covers pupil, refracts light
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Lens
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refracts light rays, shape changed by ciliary body muscles to adjust vision for near or far (accommodation)
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Retina
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nerve layer in posterior of eye, contains rods and cones (where light energy causes chemical reaction to stimulate nervous impules
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Astigmatism
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defective curvature of conea or lens, which distorts image
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Hyperopia
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farsightedness
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Myopia
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nearsightedness
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Presbyopia
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impairment of vision due to aging
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Exotropia
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outward turning of the eye
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Esotropia
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inward turning of the eye
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Cataract
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clouding of lens, causing decreasing vision
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Glaucoma
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increased intraocular pressure, results in damage to reitna & optic nerve
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Keratoplasty
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corneal transplant
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Pinna
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outer ear
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Ear has 3 bones (occicles)
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Malleus; Incus; Stapes
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Eustachian tube
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connects middle ear to pharynx
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Tinnitus
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ringing in the ears
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Meniere Disease
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disorder of labyrinth of inner ear marked by elevated endolymph pressure within chochlea & semicircular canals, resulting in vertigo, sensitivity to loud noises, & gradual loss of hearing
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Oxytocin
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produced by posterior pitutiary, stimulates contractions of uterus during labor
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Addison's Disease
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a decrease in production of mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex; characterized by weakness, loss of appetite, hypotension, and hyperpigmentation of the skin
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Cushing's Syndrome
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an excess secretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex, characterized by round "moon" face, pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, abnormally pigmented skin, and muscular atrophy
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Diabetes Mellitus
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lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, & fat metabolism in cells
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Diabetes Insipidus
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condition of producing too little ADH from posterior pituitary, resulting in kidneys failing to reabsorb needed water and salts (resulting in polyuria)
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Polyphagia
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increased appetite, over eating
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Polydipsia
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chronic excessive thirst and fluid intake
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Immue
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means protect
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Natural immunity
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genetic predisposition
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Acquired immunity
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body developes or recieves immunity
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Active
(acquired immunity) |
body actually preduces the antibodies, by having the disease or receiving a vaccination that stimualtes antibody production
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Passive
(acquired immunity) |
given actual antibodies produced from another source
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Aneurysm
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local widening of a blood vessel (ballooning); wall weakened due to thinning
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Thrombus
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blood clot attached to interior wall of blood vessel
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Embolus
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a mass, such as a blood clot or foreign object that circulates in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel too small to allow it to pass
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Tachycardia
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rapid heart rate (> 100 bpm)
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Angia Pectoris
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epidsode of chest pain resulting from temporary difference between supply & demand of oxygen to the heart muscle
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Myocardial Ischemia
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a deficiency of blood to the heart muscle, usually caused by constriction or obstrustion of a coronary blood vessel and often marked by pain and cardiac dysfunction
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Myocardial infarction
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necrosis of a portion of the myocardial muscle due to obstruction in a coronary artery caused by atherosclerosis or thrombus or spasm (MI/heart attack)
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Coronary Angiography
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dye injected into bloodstream or heart chamber & x-rays taken of heart & large blood vessels in chest
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Erythrocytes
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red blood cells, contain hemoglobin (carry O2/CO2)
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Leukocytes
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white blood cells
Granulocytes: basophils, eosinophils, & neutrophils Agranulocytes: monocytes & lymphocytes |
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Thrombocytes
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platelets, blood clotting
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Polycythemia vera
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general increase in RBC's, causing viscous (sticky) consistency
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Heochromatosis
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excessive deposits of iron throughout body, giving skin brown hue
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White Blood Cell Differantial
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determines the different types of leukocytes
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Hematocrit
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percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
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Prothrombin Time
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test of the ability of the blood to clot (used for patients on aticoagulants)
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Dyspnea
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labored or difficult breathing
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Orthopnea
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dyspnea in which a person must sit upright in order to breathe comfortably
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Atelectasis
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incomplete expansion of alveoli; airless portion of a lung
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Bronchiectasis
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chronic dilation of bronchi secondary to infection that involves lower portion of lung
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Epistaxis
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nosebleed
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Auscultation
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listening to sounds within the body for purpose of evaluating the condition of organs
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Percussion
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tapping a body part to determine the density of the underlying parts
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Bronchoscopy
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process of visually examining the bronchial tubes
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Gynecomastia
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Excessive growth of the mammary glands in men, usually during puberty; usually caused by metabolic errors that result in accumulation of estrogen, deficiency of testosterone.
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Hydrocele
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swelling in the scrotum due to fluid in the scrotal sac
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Cryptorchism
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undescended testicle
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Orchitis
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inflammation of testes
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Varicocle
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enlarged, dilated veins near testicle; associated with oligospermia (low sperm count)
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Dysmenorrhea
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painful menstrual bleeding
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Amenorrhea
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absence of menses for 6 months or longer than 3 of the patient's normal cycles
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Oligomenorrhea
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abnormally light or infrequent menstrual flow
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Endometriosis
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endometrial tissue found in abnormal locations; can cause scar tissue, dysmenorrheal, and infertility
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Leiomyomas
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also called fibroids; benign growths of fibrous tisse within uterine wall; can cause pain, metorrhagia (bleeding between menses), & menorrhagia (abnormally lonng or heavy menstrual periods)
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Kidneys
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retroperitoneal (dorsal to abdominal cavity)
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Oliguria
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scanty urine production
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Pyuria
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pus in urine
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Nocturia
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night time urination
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Analgesics
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pain killers
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Diuretics
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water pills (increase urination by decreasing reabsorption)
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Antipyretics
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medications that reduce fevers
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ac
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before meals
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pc
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after meals
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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