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287 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Dr. specializing in misalignment of the spine
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Chiropractor
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Dr. specializing in bones joints and muscles
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Orthopedic Surgeon
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Study of making and fitting orthopedic appliances
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Orthotics
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Dr. specializing in diagnosis and treatment of foot
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Podiatrist
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Dr. specializing in treatment of health problems by manipulating the positions of the bones
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Osteopathic physician
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Sports-related injuries of the bones joints and muscles
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Sports medicine
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A Chiropractor holds what degree?
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Doctor of Chiropractice DC
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An Osteopathic Surgeon holds what degree?
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Doctor of Osteopathy DO
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Name one degree a podiatrist might have.
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Doctor of Podiatric Medicine DPM
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Name the other degree a podiatrist can have
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Doctor of Podiatry DP
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How many bones are there in the human body?
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206
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functions of the skeleton?
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support framework
protect vital organs stores minerals assist in body movement manufactures red blood cells |
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The process of making red blood cells is called?
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hematopoiesis
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What makes movement possible?
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joints
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What is the pathway for neural messages between bones and brain
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spinal cord
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What protects the spinal cord?
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backbone or spinal column
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What protects heart liver lungs and spleen?
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ribs
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what protects the bladder intestines?
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pelvis
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What minerals do the bones contain?
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calcium phosphorous and sodium
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what is stored in your bones and released as necessary?
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calcium
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what makes the blood cells?
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bone marrow
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what special cells does the marrow contain?
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stem cells
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stem cells produce what?
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red blood cells
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what diseases can bone marrow treat?
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leukemia and immunodeficiency or treatment from chemo
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what opens and closes like hinges?
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joints (fingers elbows)
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shoulder or hip joints allow what kind of movement?
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backward forward sideways and rotating movements
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what moves food through the digestive system?
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muscles
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what do muscles in the heart do?
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drive circulation
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what do muscles in the chest do?
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help us breathe
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what is leukemia?
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cancer of the white blood cells
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what is nervous tissue?
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carries info electrical impulses
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what is reponsible for movement?
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muscles
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what does connective tissue do?
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stores energy supports body and organs holds organs together
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what are specialized connective tissue
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bones cartilages ligaments tendons and blood
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what covers body surfaces lines hollow organs body cavities and blood vessels and forms glands?
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epithelial tissue
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what is a specialized type of tissue?
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bones
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what is a tissue?
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similar cells that work together to perform particular functions
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how many basic categories of tissues are there?
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4
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what percentage of bones is made of minerals?
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70%
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what percent is organic matter?
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30%
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What are the forms of bone?
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compact cancellous
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Describe compact bone
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solid hard outside of bone six times stronger than a steel bar of the same weight
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What runs through compact bone?
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holes and channels carrying blood vessels and nerves
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Describe cancellous bone
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looks spongy inside compact bone
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Cancellous bone is made up of what?
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meshlike network tiny pieces of bone
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what are the tiny pieces of bone in cancellous called?
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trabeculae
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In the womb what is the bone made of?
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First it is cartilage
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What happens after a few weeks of development?
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It begins process of ossification
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what is ossification?
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cartilage is replaced by calcium phosphate and stretchy collagen
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How long does ossification take?
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20 years
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what are growing zones?
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growth plates that consist of multiplying cartilage cells grow and change into bones (children)
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how many years do girls arms and legs grow?
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14 years
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boys?
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16
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how many years do bones grow?
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all your life
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how many cells do bones contain?
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3 osteoblasts
osteocytes osteoclasts |
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what do osteoblasts do?
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make new bone and repair damage
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what do osteocytes do?
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arrange themselves in specific patterns, carry nutrients and wastes to and from blood vessels in the bone
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what do osteoclasts do?
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break down bone (destroy) and help sculpt and shape it
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osteoblasts another name
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embyonic bone cells
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another name for osteocytes
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large cells that absorb/digest bone tissue
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osteocytes
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mature bone cells
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which is very active in children
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osteoclasts
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what % of bone is broken down and built up every year in children
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3%
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external and internal bone are covered with pliable protective tissue called
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membranes
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what is the membrane that covers the external surface?
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periosteum
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what covers the inner cavities of bone?
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endosteum
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what are the 2 basic type of bone markings called?
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processes and depressions
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another name for compact bone
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cortical bone
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which is the spongy bone tissue?
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cancellous bone
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which is the hard dense bone tissue?
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compact bone
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what are the shape classifications?
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long bones short bones irregular bones flat bones
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where are long bones found?
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leg and arm
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what is the shaft of the long bone called?
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diaphysis
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The diaphysis has a thick wall made up of what?
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compact bone
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the diaphysis surrounds a central cavity called what?
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medullary cavity
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what's the medullary cavity made of?
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yellow marrow (Fat)
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Both ends of the long bone (Bulb like) are called what?
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epiphysis
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what is inside the epiphysis?
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cancellous bone and red marrow
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The outer part of the epiphysis does what?
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articulate
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what is articulate?
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forms a joint
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what is the joint coated with?
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hyaline cartilage
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what's between the diaphysis and the epiphysis?
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metaphysis
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what cartilage is a specialized connective tissue?
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hyaline cartilage
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what family does the hyaline cartilage beong to?
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cartilaginous tissues
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what are two other family members?
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fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage
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what kind of cartilage is at the tip of your nose?
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hyaline cartilage
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what are the cross section names
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periosteum compact bone,endosteum, cancellous bone
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short bones irregular bones and flat bones do not have what, that long bones have?
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medullary cavity
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what do the short bones look like?
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cubes
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what do flat bones look like?
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different shapes but always thin like plates
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what are examples of flat bones?s
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sternum ribs and bones in cranium
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give examples of irregular bones
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mandible and vertabrae
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examples of long bones
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arm humerus and femur
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examples of short bones
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wrist carpals and ankle tarsals
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what are sesamoid bones?
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bones embedded in tendons
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what are the two major divisions?
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axial and appendicular skeleton
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what does the axial skeleton support?
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skull vertabral column and thoracic cage
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what does the appendicular skeleton support?
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pectoral girdle
upper extremities lower extremities pelvic girdle |
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what is the pectoral girdle?
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shoulder blades and collarbones
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upper extremities?
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arms and hands
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pelvic girdle
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two hip bones
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lower extremities
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legs and feet
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small piece of spongy substance of bone connected to others
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trabecula
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a groove crevice or furrow
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sulcus
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depression usually longitudal in shape below the surface
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fossa
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a cavity or hollow space
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sinus
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an aperture or perforation
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foramen
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a deep furrow cleft or slit
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fissure
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a ridge
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crest
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short sharp process of bone a spinous process
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spine
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a large rounded elevation
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tuberosity
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rounded articular surface at the extremity of the bone
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condyle
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bony prominance near the upper extremity of the femur
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trochanter
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what is the delicate membrane covering the inner cavities of bone
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endosteum
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the heavy duty membrane that covers the outside surface of bone
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periosteum
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what are both the exterior and interior bone covered with?
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membranes
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large rounded elevation on the bone
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tuberosity
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sesamoid,periosteum,cancellous, hematopoiesis,ossification,tuberosity,
spine,fossa,medullary cavity, osteocytes,yellow marrow |
Long Bones
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diaphysis, articular cartilage, trabeculae, osteoblasts,resoption, trochanter, sulcus, foramen, yellow marrow, bone neck, osteocytes
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short bones
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epiphysis, compact bone, red bone marrow, osteoclasts, bone head, condyle, sinus, irregular bones, epiphyeal line, medullary cavity bone neck
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flat bones
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junction of epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone where growth in length occurs
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epiphysial line
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a joint between cranial bones
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suture
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How many sutures are there in the cranium?
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3 coronal, squamous and lamboid
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a protuberance on bone where muscle and tendons attach
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process
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how many processes are there on the cranium
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4 coldyloid masstoid styloid and coronoid
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the junction between the frontal and the 2 parietal bones
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coronal suture
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line of union between the occipital and parietal bones
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lambdoid suture
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bony process off the base of the skull
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mastoid
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long slender process lower side of the temporal bone
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styloid
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triangular process of the mandible
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coronoid
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large single bone forming the forehead
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frontal bone
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large irregular bone situated in the base and side of the skull
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temporal bone
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the temporal bone consists of what
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squamous tympanic and petrous
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side bone of the skull
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parietal bone
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bone irregular shape at base of the skull
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sphenoid bone
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bone forming the rear bottom of the skull
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occipital
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an irregularly shaped bone between orbital plates of the frontal and sphenoid bone
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ethmoid bone
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fibrous joint between bones of the head
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suture
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membranous spaces at the juncture of an infant's cranial bones that later ossify
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fontanelle fontanel
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nipple-like projection of the petrous part of the temporal bone
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mastoid process
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large hole at base of skull allows passage of spinal cord
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foramen magnum
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behind the nasal bone in front of the sphenoid bone
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ethmoid
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temporal bone projects downward to form a point of muscle attachment
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mastoid process
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spinal cord passes through a large hole
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foramen magnum
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immovable joints
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sutures
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bat shaped located at the base of the skull
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spenoid bone
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what bones create the thoracic cavity?
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ribs sternum
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what supports the throacic cavity?
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thoracic vertebrae
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ribs are divided into how many categories?
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3
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what are first 7 pairs of ribs?
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true ribs
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ribs that are attached to the sternum
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costal cartilage
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next 3 pairs of ribs
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false ribs
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last 2 pairs of ribs are called
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floating ribs
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where are the floating ribs attached?
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in the back not in the front
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what are the spaces in between the ribs called?
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inercostal muscles
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what do intercostal muscles contain?
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blood vessels, nerves and muscles
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another name for the sternum
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breast bone
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upper portion of the sternum is called the
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maunbrium
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the middle prtion of the sternum is called
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body of the sternum
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lower portion is called
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xiphoid process
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what is in the back behind the shoulder
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scapula also called shoulder blade
|
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The upper arm bone is known as ?
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humerus
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what are the two lower arm bones?
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radius and ulna
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what forms the elbow?
|
olecranon process
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wrist bones are known as ?
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carpals
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hand bones are known as?
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metacarpals
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what does metacrpal mean?
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beyond the carpals
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what are the fingers known as?
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phalanges
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what are at the distal end of the metacarpals?
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phalanges
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what is the pelvis made up of?
|
ilium ischium and pubis sacrum and coccyx
|
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which is the largest of the hip bones?
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ilium
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what is the upper curved edge of the ilium called?
|
iliac crest
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lowest part of the hip bones is the?
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ischium
|
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describe the ischium
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the strongest pelvic bone
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the front part of the hip bone is called?
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pubis
|
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what is the point where the two pubic bones meet called?
|
symphysis pubis
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what is the socket area that connects the femur and hip called?
|
acetabulum
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what is the thigh bone called
|
femur
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describe the femur
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longest heaviest and strongest bone in the body
|
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the proximal end of the femur is where?
|
nearest the pelvis
|
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the large lateral projection where the neck of the femur connects with the shaft of the femur is ?
|
greater trochanter
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what serves as a site for muscle attachment/
|
greater and lesser trochanter
|
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what is the kneecap called?
|
patella
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what are the two lower leg bones?
|
tibia and fibula
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what is at the proximal end of the tibia? closest to femur
|
tibial tuberosity
|
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what is the distal end?
|
farthest away
|
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what is at the distal end of the fibula?
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lateral malleolus
|
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another name for the lateral malleolus
|
ankle bone
|
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how many bones make up the ankle bone?
|
7
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what is another name for the 7 bones ankle bones
|
tarsals
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what is the largest tarsal bone called?
|
cacaneus
|
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what is another name for the calcaneus
|
heel bone
|
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what is just above the calcaneus
|
talus bone
|
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what does the talus bone join with?
|
the tibia and fibula
|
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what does the talus bone with the tibia and fibula make?
|
ankle joint
|
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what forms the ball of the foot?
|
metatarsals
|
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what are the toes called
|
phalanges
|
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what is any broken bone?
|
a fracture
|
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what is it when the bone is broken but the skin remains unbroken?
|
closed fracture
|
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what are other names for closed fracture?
|
simple or complete
|
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what is the fracture of he radus at the lower end of the wrist the bone fragment is didsplaced posteriorly?
|
Colles' fracture
|
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what is the fracture where the bone is broken in two or more fragments splintered or crushed?
|
comminuted fracture
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which fracture occures when a weak bone is pressed together on itself and collapses under minimal stress?
|
compression fracture
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compression fracture is common to what?
|
osteoporosis
|
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which fracture runs along the length of the bone without displacing the bone fragment?
|
linear fracture
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which fracture is incomplete, but there is bowing in the bone, partially bent and broken
|
greenstick fracture
|
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the fracture line extends at an angle
|
oblique fracture
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also known as a compound fracture open wound in the skin
|
open fracture
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fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an aopen wound in the skin
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compound fracture
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fracture bone has been twisted apart usually due to sposts injury
|
spiral fracture
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small crack develops from chronic excessive impact
|
stress fracture
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fracture line extends straight across bone
|
transverse fracture
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prominence or process on any part of bone
|
apophysis
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seperation of apophysis from bone
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apophysial fracture
|
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fracture involving joint surface of bone
|
articlar fracture
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fracture when a joint capsule liga ment muscle inserion of origin is puled from bone as a result of a sprain dislocation strong contracture soft tissue is pulled away from bone fragments of bone may cone away with it
|
avulsion fracture
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fracture-dislocation of first metacarpal bone(thumb) at the carpal metacarpal joint
|
Bennett's fracture
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fracture of the floor of orbit
|
blow-out fracture
|
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fracture of the neck of a metacarpal bone typically the fifth metacarpals
|
boxer's fracture
|
|
tear in the central part of a semilunar cartilage knee
|
bucket-handle fracture
|
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incomplete fracture of radial head due to falling on outstreched hand
|
chisel fracture
|
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displacement of any part
|
dislocation
|
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cervical spine fractures
|
hangman's fracture
|
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fracture where fragments are driven into the cancellous tissue of the other fragment
|
impacted fracture
|
|
fracture especially of the skull occurs at point not at the site of impact
|
indirect fracture
|
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fracture occuring within a joint capsule
|
intra-articular fracture
|
|
fracture at the articular extremity of a bone within the line of insertion of the casular ligament of the joint
|
intracapsular fracture
|
|
fracture of one or more bones of a foetus before birth
|
intrauterine fracture
|
|
transverse fracture through maxillary sinuses palate
|
lefort fracture
|
|
fracture running parallel with the long axis of the bone
|
linear fracture
|
|
fracture involving the bone in the line of its axis
|
longitudinal fracture
|
|
fracture occurring without any external injury
|
spontaneous fracture
|
|
intracapsular fracture of the neck of the femur at the point where the neck joins the head
|
subcapital fracture
|
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fracture resulting from twisting of the limb
|
torsion fracture
|
|
deformity in children longitudinal compression of the soft bone commonly in the radius or ulna or both
|
torus fracture
|
|
small flexible knot bunch clump cluster
|
tuft
|
|
fracture which goes at an angle to the axis
|
oblique fracture
|
|
fracture which runs around the axis of the bone
|
spiral
|
|
breaks the skin
|
compound
|
|
incomplete fracture long bone of child not finished growing. involving growth,cartilage plate near the end of the bone
|
green stick fracture
|
|
single fracture line through a bone
|
simple
|
|
fractured two or more fragments
|
comminuted fracture
|
|
fractured bone penetrates the skin
|
open fracture
|
|
crackling sensation that is felt and heard when the ends of a broken bone rub together
|
crepitation
|
|
deposit that forms around the area of a break in a bone
|
callus
|
|
disk that has bulged out of place in the spinal column pressing on nearby nerves pain
|
herniated disk
|
|
bone comes out of socket
|
dislocation
|
|
dislocation of a bone from its normal position within the joint occurs at birth
|
congenital dislocation
|
|
partial dislocation separates joint's moveable surfaces,shoulder hip and knee
|
subluxation
|
|
ruptured disk of intervertebral pressure on spinal nerve roots
|
herniated disk
|
|
low back pain
|
lumbago
|
|
inflammation of the vertebrae
|
spondylitis
|
|
slipping or forward movement of one of the lumbar vertebrae
|
spondylolisthesis
|
|
degenerative condition of the vertebrae
|
spondylosis
|
|
congentital defect spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord
|
spina bifida
|
|
humpback curvature of thoracic or thoracoloumbar spine
|
kyphosis
|
|
swayback increase in froward curvature of lower or lumbar spine
|
lordosis
|
|
abnormal sideways curvature of spine lateral
|
scoliosis
|
|
degenerative joint disease
|
osteoarthritis
|
|
bony growths on dorsal surface of calcaneus heel bone
|
heel spurs
|
|
loss of circulationhead of femur resulting in death of bone cells children
|
Leggo-Calve-Perthes disease
|
|
osteochondritis deformans ocd coxa plana
|
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
|
|
osteochondrosis
|
Osgood-Schlatter disease
|
|
pain due to abnormal condition within a bone
|
ostealgia
|
|
inflammation of bone
|
osteitis
|
|
pain and tenderness below the kneecap
|
osteochondrosis Osgood-Schlatter disease
|
|
generalized inflammation of boner and marrow due to infection
|
osteomylelitis
|
|
destruction and death of bone tissue caused by an insufficient blood suply malignancy infection or trauma
|
osteonecrosis
|
|
loss of bone density as well as thinning and weakening of bone
|
osteoporosis
|
|
disease characterized by extensive bone destruction followed by abnormal bone repair resulting in fragile and weakened painful deformities
|
Paget's disease
|
|
clubfoot talus feet may be turned outward or inward
|
talipes
|
|
inherited condition characterized by extremely brittle bones
|
osteogenesis imperfecta
|
|
benign catrtilaginous growth or neoplasm
|
chondroma
|
|
large slow growing malignant tumor hyaline cartilage femur spine pelvis ribs or scapula
|
chondrosarcoma
|
|
bony growth arising from the surface of bone
|
exostosis
|
|
group of cancers in children or adolescents
|
Ewing sarcom
|
|
malignant tumor of bone marrow
|
myeloma
|
|
benign tumor causes projections spuirs at end of long bones
|
osteochondroma
|
|
giant cell tumor painful but benign tumor young adults
|
osteoclastoma
|
|
smooth rounded bone swelling
|
osteoma
|
|
malignant tumor of skeletal tissue high fatality rate large bony tumors are formed occur at ends of long bones just above or below knee
|
osteosarcoma
|
|
condition of abnormal bone growth in chldren insufficient vit D calcium phosphorus
|
rickets
|
|
softening of bone
|
osteomalacia
|
|
progressive rheumatic disease affecting the spine
|
ankylosing spondylitis
|
|
degenerative type of arthritis caused by deer tick
|
Lyme disease
|
|
autoimmune rheumatic disease dry mucous membranes an arthritis
|
Sjogrens Syndrome SHOWgrens
|
|
l
|
kl
|