• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/44

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
4 Types of Neurons
Unipolar
Pseudo-Unipolar
Bipolar
Mulitpolar
Unipolar Neuron
-Single process extends from the soma
-not found in fully developed humans
-found commonly in invertebrates
Pseudo-Unipolar Neurons
-single process from the soma that immediatley divides into two
-sensory neurons of spinal nerves and of most cranial nerves (except: I, II, VIII)
-peripheral axon typically connects to sensory receptors
Bipolar Neuron
-two processes emerge from soma
-found only in the PNS
-assoc. with CN I, II, VIII (smell: olfactory mucosa, vision: retina, hearing: spiral ganglion, balance: vestibular ganglion)
Multipolar Neurons
-more than two processes emerge from soma
-majority of all neurons
-functions in sensory, motor, and autonomic systems
-ex. perkinje neurons, pyramidal neurons
Nervous System Divisions
-CNS
-PNS
PNS Divisions
-Somatic division: Motor and Sensory Nerves
-Autonomic Division: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
CNS Divisions
-Brain
-Spinal Cord: white and gray matter
Brain divisions
-Forebrain
-Midbrain
-Hindbrain
Hindbrain
-cerebellum
-pons
-medulla
Midbrain
-Superior Colliculus
-Inferior Colliculus
-Composed of: tegmentum, tectum, 4th ventricle, cerebral aquaduct
Forebrain
-telencephalon: neocortex, hippocampus, internal capsule
-diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland
Orientation of CNS
Rostral, Caudal, Ventral Dorsal
Directions bend with the neuraxis
The Nervous System is
Bilateral and "loosly" symmetric
Ridges
Gyri (gyrus)
Grooves
Suli (sulcus)
longitudinal fissure
-also called midsagittal fissure
-down center (midsagittal plane) of brain seperating left and right hemispheres
Central Sulcus
Divides Frontal and Parietal Lobes
Sylvian Fissure
-aka lateral sulcus
-divides frontal and temporal lobes
parieto-occipital sulcus
-divides parietal and occipital lobes
-ends at pre-occipital notch
Precentral Gyrus
-involved with starting motor movements
-motor area for language
temporal lobe, general functions
-audition
-language comprehension
-memory
Parietal Lobe, general functions
-somatosensation
-lobe of association
Occipital Lobe, general
-vision
Cerebellum, general
-balance
-motor control
-corrects for motor error
calcarene fissure/sulcus
-first stop for visual
-primary visual cortex
-located in occipital lobe
Corpus Callosum
-connects left and right sides of the brain, through axons
Cingulate Gyrus
-memory
-surrounds corpus callosum
Insular Lobe/Cortex
-Involved with addictive behavior
-emotional drives for behavior
-medial to sylvian fissure
Hippocampus
-consolidation of memory
Prosencephalon
-developes into forebrain
Mesencephalon
-developes into midbrain
Rhombencephalon
-developes into hindbrain
Metencephalon
-pons and cerebellum
Myelencephalon
-Medulla
Collections of Cell Bodies
CNS: gray matter, nuclei, body, locus, substantia
PNS: ganglion
Bundles of Axons
CNS: white matter, capsule, brachium, peduncle, tract, commissure
PNS: nerve
Astrocytes
Functions:
-physical support
-forms scar tissue in CNS
-aids to remove excess waste and ions (K+)
-removes NTs from synapse
-contribute to the blood-brain barrier with a perivascular endfoot
Oligodendrocytes
-Only in CNS
-Found mainly in white matter
-produce myelin around axons
-one can provide myelin for up to 50 axons
Myelin
-segments do not touch, space b/w is Nodeof Ranvier
-formed in tight concentric layers of cell membrane
-insulates the axon and speeds up action potential
-consists of: 70% lipids, myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, and protein zero
Microglia
-macrophage, remove damaged tissue through phagocytosis
-always present in CNS, number increases with damage
-after injury, remove damaged tissue, then scar tissue placed by astrocytes
Ependymal Cells
-line cavaties of the brain and spinal cord
-circulate CSF
Schwann Cells
-Only in PNS
-Functions: Support, act as macrophage, protects axon, myelination
-one cell per myelin segment, or
-one cell can engulf several axons without myelination
-produce a basement membrane around themselves
Satellite Cells
-Protects neuronal bodies