Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What do virus virulence factors promote?
|
1. efficiency of viral replication
2. viral transmission 3. access and binding of virus targets 4. escape of virus from host defenses |
|
|
What is viremia?
|
Its when a virus becomes free in the plasma
|
|
|
What virus has no preference for a tissue?
|
Herpes simplex virus type 1
|
|
|
What is a non-permissive cell to viral replication?
|
The cell doesn't allow replication of a particular strain
|
|
|
What is a permissive cell to viral replication?
|
The cell provides machinery for complete replication cycle of virus
|
|
|
What does a semi-permissive cell provide for viral replication?
|
It is a cell that may support some but not all steps of replication
|
|
|
What is Syncytia?
|
Its when cell to cell fusion happens allowing a virus to spread and escape infection
|
|
|
What is a latent virus infection?
|
Its when a cell is infected, but no ongoing virus synthesis occurs
|
|
|
What is a recurrent infection?
|
Its the reactivation of a latent virus occurs due to immune suppression or some other event
|
|
|
What cells are affected by the antigen-nonspecific (innate) system?
|
Macrophages and NK cells
- limit and control local replication and spread |
|
|
What cell are affected by the antigen-specific system?
|
Antibodies
- effective against extracellular viruses and cytolytic viruses |
|
|
What cells are affected by the Cell-mediated immunity?
|
Cytotoxic T cells
- required for lysis of cells infected by non-cytolytic viruses |
|
|
Viruses affect which age population the most?
|
Infants/Children and elderly
|
|
|
Do respiratory viruses happen in the summer more?
|
No they happen in the winter
|
|
|
What is an outbreak?
|
intro of a new virus into a new location
|
|
|
What is an epidemic?
|
Its a new strain of a disease into an immunologically naive population, usually a larger geographic area
|
|
|
What is a pandemic?
|
Worldwide epidemic
|
|
|
Which virus is associated with cervical cancer and warts?
|
Papilomavirus (HPV)
|
|
|
HPV has what characteristics?
|
Small, capsid, DNA genome and has oncogenic potential
|
|
|
Which HPV viruses are associated with oncogenic potential?
|
HPV -16 and HPV-18
|
|
|
How is HPV acquired?
|
1. Direct contact through small break in skin
2. during intercourse 3. while an infant passes through an infected birth canal 4. chewing warts |
|
|
Are Laryngeal papilomas associated with HPV?
|
Yes
|
|
|
How can a person diagnose HPV in the lab?
|
1. Microscopy for excess keratin
2. PAP smears detect abnormal epithelial cells 3.DNA probes and PCR |
|
|
What are characteristics of Adenovirus?
|
DNA virus, non-enveloped capsid, encodes its own DNA polymerase
|
|
|
How is Adneovirus spread?
|
Spread exclusively through human to human contact by fecal-oral, fingers and fomites
|
|
|
What virus is a major cause (15%) of gastroenteritis?
|
Adenovirus
|
|
|
What treatments can be given to a patient with adenovirus?
|
No treatment or vaccine, but should keep patients separate
|
|
|
What virus is associated with the largest area of viruses?
|
Herpesvirus
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of Herpes viruses?
|
DNA genome, enveloped capsid, Large and common
|
|
|
Which Herpes simplex is associated with infections above the waist?
|
HSV-1
|
|
|
What virus avoids antibody cell to cell spread by syncytia?
|
Herpesviruses
|
|
|
Herpesvirus have an enveloped capsid has to stay ______ in order to have its serious effects?
|
Wet
|
|
|
What does Herpetic keratitis effect?
|
Eye
|
|
|
What does Herpetic whitlow effect?
|
Finger - especially with doctors
|
|
|
What does Herpes gladiatorum effect?
|
Body
|
|
|
Is Genital herpes caused by HSV 1 or 2?
|
HSV -2 mainly and HSV-1
|
|
|
Herpes encephalitis is caused by HSV -1 or HSV-2?
|
HSV-1, has significant morbidity and mortality
|
|
|
Is Herpes meningitis caused by HXV 1 or 2?
|
HSV 2
|
|
|
Does HSV 1 or 2 cause Neonatal HSV?
|
HSV 2
|
|
|
What treatments are available for HSV?
|
1. antivirals
2. contact precaution with gloves, antiseptics and abstinence 3. C-section |
|
|
How is Varicella-Zoster Virus transmitted?
|
primarily by respiratory route
|
|
|
What virus is similar to HSV?
|
Varicella-Zoster Virus
|
|
|
Is Varicella-Zoster Virus contagious?
|
Yes, 90% infection rate among household contacts
|
|
|
Diseases associated with Varicela-Zoster virus?
|
Chickenpox, Interstitial pneumonia, Herpes Zoster, postherpetic neuralgia
|
|
|
How do you treat Varicella-Zoster virus?
|
Treat adults and immunocompromised shinges, and with vaccine
|
|
|
What parasite is associated wtih Epstein-Barr virus?
|
B-lymphocyte parasite
|
|
|
How is EBV transmitted?
|
Transmitted by saliva
|
|
|
What virus gives a person a lifelong infection?
|
EBV
|
|
|
How do you treat EBV?
|
no treatment or vaccine available
|
|
|
Is Cytomegalovirus an oppertunistic pathogen?
|
Yes
|
|
|
Is Cytomegalovirus a common human pathogen?
|
Yes
|
|
|
What virus causes hearing loss and mental retardation?
|
Cytomegalovirus
|
|
|
Is the STD of cytomegalovirus symptomatic?
|
No usually asymptomatic
|
|
|
What antibody is high in AIDS patients with Cytomegalovirus infection?
|
IgM
|
|
|
How do you treat Cytomegalovirus?
|
Specific antivirals- Ganciclovir, foscarnet, contact precautions, no vaccine available
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of Picornavirus?
|
Small, RNA based and has a naked capsid
|
|
|
What virus is associated with hand-foot-and-mouth disease?
|
Coxsackievirus A16 and there is no treatment or vaccine for disease
|
|
|
Which virus is associated with the common cold?
|
Rhinovirus
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of Rhinovirus?
|
RNA, capsid, non-enveloped and transmitted by aerosols and on fomites
|
|
|
cargo hook reach pendant
two types |
25,000lbs black bottom loop
11,000lbs green bottom loop |
|
|
What treatments are there for Rhinoviruses?
|
1. experimental drugs
2. vaccine unlikely 3. hand washing and disinfection most effective 4. may need to use decongestants in appropriate age groups |
|
|
What are characteristics of paramyxoviruses?
|
RNA based and enveloped
|
|
|
Are paramyxoviruses contagious?
|
Yes, passed by resp drops
|
|
|
What virus provides lifelong immunity after recovery of rash?
|
paramyxovirus
|
|
|
Is there a vaccine for Paramyxovirus?
|
Yes and its highly effective
|
|
|
Koplik's spots are associated with what virus?
|
Paramyxovirus
|
|
|
What is the main cause of death of paramyxovirus?
|
Pneumonia causes 60% of deaths associated with measles
|
|
|
Croup or seal bark is associated with what virus?
|
Parainfluenza
|
|
|
How is parainfluenza transmitted?
|
Transmitted by person to person contact and via respiratory droplets
|
|
|
Infection of the parotid gland is associated with what virus?
|
Viral parotitis (mumps)
|
|
|
How is the mumps spread?
|
By person to person and via respiratory droplets
|
|
|
How do you treat mumps?
|
Prevention is difficult but vaccine is highly effective - MMR
|
|
|
What anibody is found with infection of mumps and serologic testing?
|
IgM
|
|
|
What virus is associated with the most common cause of fatal acute respiratory tract infection in infants and young children?
|
Respiratory syncytial virus
|
|
|
Is RSV contagious?
|
Yes, transmitted by hands, fomites and respiratory routes
|
|
|
What virus causes bronchiolitis in infants?
|
RSV
|
|
|
What drug can you give a premature infant or immunocompromised patient with RSV?
|
Ribavirin
|
|
|
What are chacteristics of Influenza?
|
enveloped RNA viruses
|
|
|
Does influenza A or B cause minor antigenic changes?
|
Influenza B
|
|
|
When an antigenic shift occurs association with influenza, there is a mutation in what?
|
Hemagluttin (HA)
|
|
|
What drugs treat influenza and what are they are targets?
|
Amantadine and rimantidine, they target Membrane (M2) proten
|
