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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do some disease seem so harmful to us? |
1. they mostly affect people with a weakened immune system (old, young, pregnant) 2. Poor areas of the world with poor sanitation, not enough resources 3. Many disease still don't have a cure or develop resistance to the treatment |
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What are some ways to fight microbial diseases? |
1. drugs 2. Immune clearance 3. Vaccines 4. Vector control |
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What was the dominating idea behind the cause of disease in the 1800s? |
Humorism |
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What is humorism? |
is the idea tat health, illness, and emotions are caused and/or controlled by the balanced of fluids |
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What are the 4 humours? |
1. Black bile 2. Yellow bile 3. Blood 4. Phlegm |
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What is blood? |
It is the essence of vitality, it is found in the vessels |
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Over-confident, with a fever: disorder of the --- |
blood |
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What is phlegm? |
Phlegm flushes out impurities. It includes phlegm, mucus, saliva, plasma, lymph, serous and interstitial fluids. |
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Dull, lethargic, respiratory disorder: disorder of --- |
Phelgm |
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What is yellow bile? |
powers digestion. It is stored by the liver and stored in the gall bladder |
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Choleric, irritable, bilious disorders: disorder of the --- |
Yellow bile |
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What is black bile? |
awakens the stomach. It is produced in the spleen and excess is spilled into the stomach and intestine |
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Cholera is a disorder of the --- |
yellow bile |
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Melancholic, depressed, gas, sour stomach, constipation: disorder of the --- |
Black bile |
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What are some ways humorism disorders were treated? |
1. Expectorants 2. Emetic 3. Purgatives 4. Blistering plasters 5. Cupping 6. Bleeding 7. Transfusions |
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What was the purpose of expectorants? |
to remove phlegm by coughing |
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What was the purpose of emetics? |
To remove phelgm by vomiting |
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What was the purpose of purgatives? |
To remove excess yellow and black bile by vomiting |
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Mercurous chloride was a type of --- used to treat disorders of --- |
purgative; yellow and black bile |
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What was the purpose of cupping? |
To remove blood and phlegm by lowering the pressure and allowing the heated cups to cool on skin |
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What were said to be the causes of the disorders of the humors? |
1. Witchcraft or evil spirits 2. Punishment for evil deeds 3. Imbalances in diet 4. Fear and other negative emotions |
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What is the miasma theory? |
The theory states that there are particles in "bad air" that cause disease in humans. It is the product of decay and corruption. |
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What were some methods used to protect against miasma? |
The doctor's beak |
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What was the dominant theory in the 1700s and 1800s? |
The miasma theory |
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The cholera outbreak in the 1800s was thought to have been caused by --- |
miasma |
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What was wrong with the miasma theory? |
1. The theory was wrong about what was being transmitted 2. Foul smelling locations can have disease causing microbes |
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What theory came after the miasma theory? |
The contagion theory |
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What is the contagion theory? |
The contagion theory states that disease can be transmitted by direct contact with the sick person or objects related to the sick person |
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What is the main difference between the miasma theory and the contagion theory? |
Contagion theory required direct contact to acquire disease while miasma theory did not |
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What were some ways to combat disease according to the contagion theory? |
1. Quarantine |
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What were some problems with the contagion theory? |
1. Did not explain what was being transmitted by direct contact with the sick person 2. Did not explain what/why were diseases being caused in people who did not have direct contact with a sick person |
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What theory came after the contagion theory? |
The germ theory |
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What is the germ theory? |
Microorganisms cause disease |
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What is the main difference between the germ theory and other theories? |
The germ theory explained what exactly was causing the disease |
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What did Ignaz Semmelweis do? |
He speculated that doctors were spreading childbed fever so he encouraged hand washing. |
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Did Ignaz Semmelweis know about the germ theory? |
NO |
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What did John snow do? |
He found a link between the water pumps and the cholera outbreak in the 1800s. |
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Who invented the germ theory? |
Robert Koch |
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Who is considered the father of microbiology? |
Robert Koch |
