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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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____ is the most efficient and cost effective method of controlling infectious disease
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Vaccination
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True or False
Immunoglobulins can also be used as a diagnostic procedure |
True
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List the three vaccine types
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attenuated(live), killed(inactive), and toxoid
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Why aren't virulent microbes normally used for vaccine purposes?
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They cause disease
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The process of reducing virulence is called ____.
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attenuation
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Modified live viral vaccines trigger a cell mediated response with mostly ___ and ____.
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Th1 cells and cytotoxic cells
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What is it called when vaccinated individuals infect those around them?
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herd immunity
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What are the two types of inactivated vaccines?
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whole agent vaccines and subunit vaccines
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_____ are substances that increase the effective antigenicity of a vaccine.
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Adjuvants
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Inactivated vaccines stimulate a ____ repsonse which promotes ____ mediated immunity.
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Th2, antibody
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_____ are chemcially or thermally modified toxins that are used in vaccines to sitimulate active immunity.
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Toxoid Vaccines
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The most common vaccine-associated problem is ____.
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Mild toxicity
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Another vaccine-associated problem is _____.
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Anaphylactic shock
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The third vaccine-associated problem is...
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residual virulence
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In passive immunity,___ is used for collection of antibodies.
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Antiserum
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_____ are tumor cells created by fusing antibody-secreting plasma cells with cancerous plasma cells called myelomas.
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Hybridomas
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_______ are identical antibodies secreted by clones originating form a singple plasma cell.
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monoclonal antibodies
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What type of immunization should be used when protection against a recent infecion is needed quickly?
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Passive
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Define serology
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the study and diagnostic use of antigen-antibody interactions in blood serum.
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What are some forms of immune testing?
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Precipitation tests
Agglutination tests Neutralization tests The complement Fixation Test Labeled Antibody Test Western Blot Test |
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Give two types of techniques used in precipitation tests
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immunodiffusion
immunoelectrophoresis |
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True or False
It is impossible to make anti-antibodies that specifically target a particular class of antibody |
False; it is possible
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What can diagnosticians determine from immunoelectrophoresis?
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They can demonstrate the absence of a normal antigen or they can detect the presence of excessive amounts of antigen.
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What is the difference between agglutination and precipitation?
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Agglutination involves the clumping of insoluble particles whereas precipitation involves the aggregation of soluble molecules.
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What is used to determine blood types?
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hemagglutination
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Titration is a method that:
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measures antibody levels in blood sera
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In a titration, the highest dilution of serium giving a positive reaction is called a ____.
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Titer
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Give two examples of neutralization tests
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viral neutralization
viral hemagglutination inhibition |
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Describe a positive and negative result of a complement fixation test
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Positive = cloudy
negative = transparent red |
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What is an important dye used in fluorescent antibdoy tests?
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fluorescein
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Direct fluorescent antibody tests identify the ____
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presence of antigen in a tissue
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What does ELISA stand for?
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Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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______ assays are rapid ELISAs based on the use of antibodies bound to a membrane filter rather than polystyrene plates
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Immunofiltration
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