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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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iris
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Gr. iris = rainbow.
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ischium
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Gr. ischion = hip.
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jejunum
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L. jejunus = fasting or empty.
Galen named the second part of the small intestine nestis = fasting, because he believed it was always found empty after death. |
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joint
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L. jungere = to join.
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jugular
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L. jugulum = throat.
Hence these veins of the throat. |
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kyphosis
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Gr. kyphos = bent, and -osis = condition, hence humpback.
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labia
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L. labium = lip. ||
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labyrinth
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Gr. labyrinthos = a maze.
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lacrimal
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L. lacrimal = a tear.
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lateral
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L. latus = side.
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lemniscus
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Gr. lemniskos = a band.
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lenticular
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L. lens = a lentil, and a diminutive suffix.
This adjective means shaped like a lentil. |
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levator
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L. levator = anything that raises; from levare = to lift.
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ligament
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L. ligamentum = ligament; from ligare = to bind.
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linea
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L. lien = spleen.
Related to the Greek term splen = spleen. |
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lingula
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L. lingula, diminutive of lingua = tongua.
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lip
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AS. lippa = lip
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longissmus
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L. superlative of longus = long.
Applied to the long muscles of the back. |
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longus
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L. longus = long
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lordosis
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Gr. lordos = bent backward.
Applied to the spine. |
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lumbar
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L. lumbus = the loin.
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malleolus
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L. diminutive of malleus = hammer.
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mandible
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L. mandibula = jaw; from mandere = to chew, and the suffix -bulum, indicating the instrument.
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masseter
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Gr. maseter = chewer.
One of the few muscles named in the writings of Galen. |
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mastication
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L. masticare = to chew.
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mastoid
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Gr. mastos = breast or nipple, and eidos = resemblance.
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maxilla
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L. maxilla = jaw bone.
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meatus
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L. meatus = a channel or way.
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mediastinum
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ML. mediastinum = medial, intermediate.
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medulla
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L. medulla = marrow.
Used for the non-cortical part of some organs, such as the kidney and adrenal. |
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meninges
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Gr. meninx = membrane; plural, meninges.
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mesentery
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Gr. mesos = middle, and enteron = intestine.
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mesoderm
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Gr. mesos = middle, and derma = the skin.
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metacarpus
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Gr. meta = after or beyond, and karpos = wrist.
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metatarsus
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Gr. meta = after or beyond, and tarsos = instep.
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molar
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L. mola = a millstone.
Hence, a grinding tooth. |
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muscle
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L. musculus, diminutive of mus = a mouse.
Thus a muscle was a little mouse running about under the skin. |
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mylohyoid
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Gr. myle = a mill, and hyoid.
The word myle was given to the posterior teeth, the grinders, and became mola in Latin. Hence the designation molar for these teeth. Mylohyoid, therefore, refers to the posterior part of the jaw and the hyoid bone. || |
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nares
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L. naris = nostril.
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navicular
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L. navis = boat, and the diminutive suffix -cula.
Hence, this bone suggests the shape of a little boat. |
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node
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L. nodus = a knot.
Used, for example, in lymph node. |
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nucha
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ML. nucha = the back of the neck.
This word, originally Arabic, was adopted into Latin and changed in French to nuque. |
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oculomotor
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L. oculus = eye, and motor = producing movement.
applied to the nerve supplying several muscles which move the eye. |
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olecranon
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Gr. olenokranon, from olene = elbow, and kranos = helmet.
In other words, the protector of the elbow. |
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olfactory
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L. olfacere = to smell.
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omphalocele
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Gr. omphalos = umbilicus, and kele = swelling, used here in the sense of hernia.
Hence an umbilical hernia. |
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ophthalmia
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Gr, ophthalmos = eye, and -ia = disease.
This suffix used to be more common but is being superseded by -itis. |
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opponens
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L. ob (op-) = against, and ponere = to place.
In other words, an opposing muscle. |
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oral
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L. os = mouth; genitive, oris.
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orbicular
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L. orbicularis = circular or disc-shaped; from orbis = circle or orb.
The orbicularis muscle closes the eye. |
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orbit
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L. orbis = a ring or circle.
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orchid
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Gr. orchis = testicle.
Hence the word orchitis, for inflammation of the gonads. |
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orifice
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L. orificium = an opening.
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origin
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L. origo = starting point.
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ostium
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L. ostium = door or opening.
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#NAME?
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Gr. tome = a cutting.
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palate
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L. palatum = palate.
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palmar
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L. palma = the palm of the hand.
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pampiniform
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L. pampinus = tendrils, and forma = form.
The pampniform plexus of veins in the spermatic cord suggests a number of interwoven tendrils. |
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panniculus
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L. diminutive of pannus = cloth or covering.
Hence a little covering. |
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papilla
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L. papilla = nipple.
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parasympathetic
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Gr. para = beside, and SYMPATHETIC.
A term coined as a name for the autonomic nervous system. |
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parenchyma
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Gr. para = beside, and enchyma = infusion or juice.
Attributed to Erasistratus, about 300 B.C. who coined it to signify “what is poured in”. |
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parietal
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L. paries = a wall.
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parotid
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Gr. para = beside, and ous (ot) = ear.
The parotid gland lies just in front of the ear. |
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patella
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L. patella = little plate.
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pectinate
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L. pecten = a comb.
Adjective form of pecten, applied to anatomical structures with projections like the teeth of a comb. |
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pedicle
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L. pes (pedis) = foot, and the diminutive suffix -culus.
Hence a little foot; but the word also meant a stalk of fruit. From this latter comes the anatomical use, for the pedicle of an organ suggests the stalk of an apple or other fruit. |
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pelvis
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L. pelvis = basin.
The pelvis is a basin-like structure. |
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penis
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L. penis = the male sexual organ.
Originally, the word meant a tail. |
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peri-
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Gr. peri = around.
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perineum
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Gr. perinaion = the perineum; probably from peri = around, and naiein = to dwell.
The Greek perina = scrotum was probably from the same root. |
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peroneal
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Gr. perone = a brooch or pin.
Adjective form of peroneus, describing the shape of the peroneus muscles. |
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pes
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L. pes = foot.
The plural is pedes. |
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petrosal
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L. petrosus = stony.
Adjective form of petrous. The petrous portion of the temporal bone is harder than the rest. |
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phalanx
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Gr. phalanx (plural phalanges) = soldiers in close order.
A good term for the bones of the toes and fingers. |
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phallus
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Gr. phallos = penis.
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pharynx
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Gr. pharynx = throat.
The adjective pharyngeal and the name of the pharyngeus muscle come from the same source. |
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phrenic
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Gr. phren = (1) diaphragm, and (2) brain.
From this word, which dates back to the time when the heart was thought to be the seat of emotions, two series of terms have been derived. From its first meaning, heart or diaphragm, we get the name of the phrenic nerve. On the other hand, from its second meaning for brain, we get phrenology and several compound terms ending in phrenia, such as schizophrenia, now transformed into frenzy. The heart continues to be thought of as the seat of the emotions only in amorous affairs, in which the mind plays a little part. |
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pia
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L. pius = kindly or tender.
Pia is the feminine of pius, which is used in this gender to agree with mater = mother. Here pia mater means the tender protector of the brain and spinal cord. |
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pineal
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L. pinea = a pine cone.
Presumably so named from the shape of this body. |
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pinna
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L. pinna = a wing.
Applied to the external ear. |
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piriform
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L. pirum = a pear, and forma = form.
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pisiform
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L. pisum = a pea, and forma = form.
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pituitary
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L. pituita = mucous secretion.
In the time of Galen the mucus from the nose and mouth was thought to come from the brain, hence this structure was so named. It has been suggested that the word spit comes from the same orgin. It was a long time before it was demonstrated that nasal mucus came from glands in the nose, and not through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. |
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plantar
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L. planta = sole of the foot.
We used this adjective form but not the noun. Curiously enough, this word planta also meant a sprout, twig, or, as might be expected, a plant. |
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platysma
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Gr. platysma = a plate.
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pleura
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Gr. pleura = the side of the body or the ribs.
But the word has come to mean the sac surrounding the lung. |
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pneumo
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Gr. pneumon = lung.
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pons
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L. pons = a bridge.
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portal
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L. porta = gate.
The portal vein is the vein which enters the gate of the liver. |
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postero-
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L. posterus = behind
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prepuce
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L. prae (pre-) = before, and an obsolete term, perhaps putum, for penis.
Hence prepus is the male foreskin. |
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pronate
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L. pronare = to turn palm or face downward.
Compare supinator. |
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prostate
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Gr. pro = before, the root sta = stand, and the suffix -tes.
In ancient Greece the word prostates meant a guard or protector - one who stood before. The prostate gland does stand in front of the bladder. |
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proximal
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L. proximus = next to.
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psoas
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Gr. psoa = a muscle in the loins.
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pubis
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L. pubis = the pubic bone.
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pupil
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L. pupilla, diminutive of pupa = a doll or little girl.
This word pupa is used today of an early stage in the life of an insect, and also from it come our words pup, puppet, and pupil in the sense of a young student. The use of this root in naming the pupil of the eye is said to have arisen from the small reflection of objects seen over the opening of the iris. |
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pylorus
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Gr. pyloros = gatekeeper; from pyle = gate, and ouros = a guard.
The muscular ring of the pylorus guards the outlet of the stomach. |
