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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the main partitions of ethical study, what does each focus on, & "who?
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1.Descriptive ethics focuses on actual practives in cultures: social scientists do this.
2. Normative(done by everyone)which gives rules and 3. metaethics(done by those of a philosophical bent.) which focuses on analysis & evalution of concepts, rules, principle, and reasoning. |
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What is the GOOD for ethical egoists? for radical ethical altruists?
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egoists is one's own long-term self interest: for ethical altruists, it is everyone else's long term interests
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what do facts depend upon?
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depend upon both concepts and the state of the world.
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How does one determine what a question is really about?
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to determine what a question is really about, figure out what would count as a satisfactory answer.
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what's a concrete example and why is it important to use these in your discussions.
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these examples are very low level abstraction: they tie our discussions to experience.
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what is the GOLDEN MEAN & what does it have to do with virtue, vice, and morality as Aristotle sees these?
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The Golden Mean is the point where there is neither excess nor deficiency( for aristotle, moral virtues are always the golden mean between vices of excess and deficiency.
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What are the main desirable features of theories in general and of ethical theories in particular?
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All theories should be at least consistent & complete: moral theories should specify who they apply to and answer most of our questions as to what we may or may not do.
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What are the 3 realms of premises introduce into arguements?
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concepts, facts, or principles
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What is an arguement(as philospphers understand the term)? How does an arguement differ from a dispute?
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is a series of satements: a dispute amounts to 2 competing arguements.
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what's the GOOD according to A. noncognitivism B. nihilsm C. skepticism D. existentialism.
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there is no such thing as THE GOOD
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if psychological egoism were true, what " job would ethicists be needed for?
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to help discover what is in fact in each person's long term interests.
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The so-called principle of utility is common to all utilitarian theories. What exactly does the principle of utility say?
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act as so to produce the maximum # good for the maximum #.
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how are "do ethics and "be ethics" related?
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for every do ethic, there is a corresponding be ethic, & vice versa.
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What specifically is the GOOD for Bentham and J.S. Mills?
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Pleasure - pain
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Compare & contrast the notions of desriptive & normative. How do these terms differ from the "fact/ opinion" contrast?
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Descriptive gives a picture, account, or report
Normative ranks, values, or judges, but both may be either fact or opinion |
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What's the central thesis of the Divine Command theory?
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holds that an act is moral because & only because GOD says so.
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what's specifically the Good for Kant?
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rational autonomy
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how are rights and duties related?
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correlative: for each right there must be a corresponding duty & for each duty there must be a corresponding right.
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what seems to be the single characteristic factor that distinguishes moraltiy from the other normative listed in the above question?
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Moraltiy is tied to our strongest & highest value or values.
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It's said that cultural ehtical relativism is based on the dubious empirical claim that there are no moral principles common to all societies. What are 2 additional serious objections to cultural ethical relativism?
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Cultural ethical relativism says that morality is defined by the culture
Pluralism makes the theory collapse into individual relativism & the definitional aspect make moral arguement for change impossible. |
