Medical Ethics

Front 1

Define + describe deontological moral reasoning

Back 1

Define:
the study of the nature of duty and obligation.

Describe:
Morality of action is judged by adherence to rules,duties and obligations.

USED FOR MEDICAL PRACTIONERS PERSPECTIVE

Front 2

Describe the ethical obligations of dr. a

Back 2

Beneficience (acting to benefit others)
Non-maleficence (not acting to harm others)
Respect for patient-autonomy (allowing them to make a decision)
Confidentiality
Privacy
Honesty
Professionalism (providing a suitable treatment)

Front 3

Describe some principles

Back 3

Don't harm others
Don't coerce,deceit or manipulate
Honesty

Front 4

Difference between principles + obligations + duties

Back 4

Principles:
Fundamental presupposition

Obligations:
Morally bound to a course of action, A responsibility

Duties:
Something you must do legally

Front 5

Describe the characteristics of Utilitarianism.

Back 5

GG4GN

Consequentialist
Welfarist
Maximising
Comparative
Impartial
Probabalistic

Reasoning for each option
balance

Fault:
takes time
requires info that may not be known
reasoning can be biased or emotionally distorted


USED FOR DESCRIBING THE CONSEQUENCES FOR EVERYTHING

Front 6

Algorithm for Decisions

Back 6

1) case summary
2) list of problems (ethical/legal/social)
3) Case analysis
4) alternatives
5) Conclusion

Front 7

Describe Paternalism

Back 7

Acting on behalf of the patient WITHOUT his/her consent.

Justifiable when:
risk of serious + preventable harm
necessary + sufficient to prevent harm
Benefits outweigh cons
no non-paternalistic alternatives are present

Front 8

Good parts of doctor-patient relationship:

Back 8

better patient compliance
better chance of accurate diagnosis
effective treatment. patient satisfaction.
less likelihood of being sued

Front 9

Characteristics of dr-patient relationship

Back 9

1) Power imbalance (patient cannot implement med. decisions)
2) Vulnerability (sharng private + sensitive information with stranger + needs help)
3) Boundaires (business/financial/personal relationships/dr confiding in patient

Front 10

3 Main models

Back 10

Paternalistic
Consumarist
Shared decision

Front 11

Components of Consent

Back 11

Disclosure:
providing relevant info + comprehension

Capacity:
understand relevant information + consequences of their deicision can be reasonably foreseen.


Voluntariness:
patients right to come to a decision freely/without force/coersion or manipulation


may be explicit or implied (via behaviour)
explicit orally/writing

Exception: when reasonable perosn would consent to the treatment + delay in that treatment would lead to serious harm

Front 12

4 Main ethical principles

Back 12

Confidentiality
Informed Consent
Beneficiance
Autonomy

Front 13

How to prepare for an interview?

Back 13

Review Previous Notes
Arrange room
Prepare what you're going to ask for
Wash hands.

Front 14

What environmental factors might affect the medical interview?

Back 14

Noise
Lighting
Temperature
Barriers (physical/privacy)

Front 15

How could you manage the environmental factors?

Back 15

Curtains around bed.
Request silence from other guests.
Move to private room

Front 16

What does establishing a rapport mean?
How would you establish an initial rapport?
Why is it important to establish a rapport?

Back 16

Establishing a professional relationship.
Introducing yourself + outlying plans + eye contact + asking for permission + being respectful.

trust from patient - elicit information + more precisely address patients concern + treatment adherence.

Front 17

Non-verbal things to get patients to spill beans.

Back 17

Sitting upright
Eye contact
Being attentive
Nodding with questions
smiling

Front 18

Verbal things

Back 18

Ask open questions
encouraging words
repeating information.

Front 19

5 Elements of Informed Consent

Back 19

Disclosure of Information
Understanding
Voluntariness
Competense
Consent