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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
complement system
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A group of proteins that coat bacteria and help to kill them directly or assisst in having them taken up by neutrophils in the blood or by macrophages in the tissues.
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latent period
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A stage of infection that begins when a pathogenic agent enters the body and ends when the agent can be shed or communicated.
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incubation period
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The stage of infection during which an agent reproduces; it begins with invasion of the agent and ends when the disease process begins.
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communicability period
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A stage of infection that begins when the latent period ends and continues as long as the agent is present and can spread to other hosts.
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disease period
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A stage of infection that follows the incubation period; the duration of this stage varies with the disease.
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arterial bood gas
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Dissolved gases in the arterial circulation. Generally consists of: pH, pCO2, PO2, HCO3, oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin.
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normal pH
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7.35-7.45
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normal pCO2
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35-45 mmHg
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normal pO2
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80-100 mmHg
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normal HCO3
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24-30 mEq/L
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normal SaO2
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95-100%
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normal Hgb
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12-18 g/dL
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respiratory acidosis
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Cause: increased PaCO2.
Compensation: increased HCO3. |
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respiratory alkalosis
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Cause: decreased PaCO2.
Compensation: decreased HCO3. |
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metabolic acidosis
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Cause: decreased HCO3.
Compensation: decreased PaCO2. |
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metabolic alkalosis
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Cause: increased HCO3.
Compensation: increased PaCO2. |
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manual airway maneuvers
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Manual manipulations of the airway, including head-tilt/chin-lift, jaw-thrust maneuver, and modified jaw-thrust.
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basic mechanical airways
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Nasopharyngeal airway; oropharyngeal airway.
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rapid sequence induction (RSI)
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Advanced airway technique; includes the use of sedation, anesthesia, neuromuscular blockade, oxygen therapy, and endotracheal intubation.
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Grandview blade
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Lanryngoscope blade with an 80% wider blade surface and anatomically appropriate curve for improved visualization.
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Viewmax blade
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Laryngoscope blade with built-in viewing tube and lens system that refracts images approximately 20 degrees from horizontal useful for intubation of very anterior airways.
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gum elastic bougie
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A straight, semirigid stylette-like device with a tip bent at about 30 degrees to facilitate difficult intubations. (Also called Eschmann tracheal tube.)
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Burden nasoscope
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A type of nasotracheal tube ausculatation device.
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Beck airway airflow monitor (BAAM)
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A device used to facilitate blind nasotracheal intubation in patients who are breathing.
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BURP (Backward, Upward, Rightward Pressure) maneuver
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Technique for facilitating visualization of the vocal cords during endotracheal intubation.
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sky hook technique
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A two-person technique facilitating visualization of the glottis in a seated or upright patient.
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retrograde intubation
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Intubation technique involving placing a needle into the patient's cricothyroid membrane through which a flexiblew wire is "snaked" upwards into the oropharynx, facilitating orotracheal intubation.
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induction agents
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Medications used for sedation, prior to paralysis, during RSI.
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premedications
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Medications used to blunt or attenuate various adverse side effects of neuromuscular blockers.
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neuromuscular-blocking agents
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Medications used to induce muscle relaxation, thus facilitating endotracheal intubation.
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depolarizing blocking agent
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Short-acting medicationd that depolarize the synaptic membrane of the muscle, causing total paralysis from 3 to 5 minutes.
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nondepolarizing blocking agents
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Medications that block acetylcholine's neurotransmitter action, rendering muscles flaccid without depolarizing the synaptic membrane.
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rescue airways
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Alternative airway management tools and technique used when endotracheal intubation (including RSI) fails.
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Esophageal Tracheal CombiTube (ETC)
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A dual-lumen airay device with a ventilation port for each lumen, designed for blind insertion that permits ventilation with BVM via either tube, as required.
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pharygotracheal lumen (PtL) airway
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A dual-lumen airway device designed for blind insertion that permits ventilation with BVM via either tube, as required.
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laryngeal mask airway (LMA)
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A noninvasive, single lumen airway device designed to occlude the supraglottic area and facilitate ventilation.
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intubating laryngeal mask airway (LMA Fastrach)
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A single lumen airway device designed to facilitate endotracheal intubation and ventilation.
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Cobra perilaryngeal airway (PLA)
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A single lumen airway device designed to occlude the supraglottic area and facilitate ventilation.
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Ambu laryngeal mask (ALM)
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A supraglottic, single-use, disposable airway designed for insertion when maintaining neutral position is desired.
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King LT airway
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A supraglottic, reusable airway that stabilizes the airway at the base of the tongue, via the inflation of a large silicone cuff.
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difficult airway
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A clinical situation in which a conventionally trained paramedic experiences difficulty with mask ventilation and/or endotracheal intubation.
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Mallampati classification system
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Four "class" level airway assessment for use in conscious patients, defined by the ability to visualize all, part, or none of the tonsilar pillars and/or the uvula.
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Cormack and Lehane classification system
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Four "grade" level airway assessment for use in unconscious patients, defined by the ability to visualize all, part, or none of the glottic opening and/or the vocal cords.
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POGO classification system
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Airway assessment used by some EMS personnel to rate the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) one can visualize from "0" to "100" percent (all).
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pulse oximetry
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Use of an electronic device to measure hemoglobin-oxygen saturation in peripheral tissues.
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capnography
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recordings or displays of exhaled CO2 measurements.
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capnogram
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The visual representation of the expired CO2 waveform.
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automatic transport ventilators
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Compact mechanical ventilators that can be used in out-of-hospital transport.
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