Medical Condition

Front 1

Leading cause of Spinal Cord Injury

Back 1

MVA Followed by falls and violence

Front 2

Non Traumatic Causes of SCI

Back 2

Development conditions spina bifida

Scoliosis

Front 3

Acquired Conditions f SCi

Back 3

BActerial viral infections

malignant growths

embolisims

thrombosis

hemorrhages

radiation

vaccinations

Front 4

Signs and Symptoms of SCI

Back 4

you have Complete and Incomplete classifications

Front 5

COmplete of SCI

Back 5

Complete transections of the cord all ascending and descending pathways are interrupted/ total loss of sensory and motor functions

Front 6

Incomplete of SCI

Back 6

Damage to the spinal cord does not cause a total transection and some degree of voluntary movement or sensation below the level of injury will remain

Front 7

Reflex Arc of SCI

Back 7

Impulses directly enter the cord through the dorsal nerve root, synapse and exit by the ventral nerve root.

ex- knee jerk reflex with reflex hammer

Front 8

Upper Motor Neuron Injuries

Back 8

Reflex arc is intact below the level of injury but is no longer mediated by the brain

Loss of voluntary function below the level of injury. Spastic paralysis , no muscle atrophy and hyperactive reflexes

Front 9

Lower Motor Neuron

Back 9

Complete injuries below the level of the conus medularis , injury has affected the spinal nerves after they exit from the cord

Reflex arc cant occur in these injuries

Loss of voluntary function below lower level of injury.

Front 10

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Back 10

Damage to the anterior spinal artery or indirect damage to anterior spinal cord tissue.

Loss of motor functions, thermal, pain and tactile sensation below the level of injury.

Front 11

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Back 11

Only one side of the spinal cord is damages

ipsilateral and contralateral loss

Front 12

ASIA scale

Back 12

A -lowest score-complete, no motor or sensory functions in the sacral s4-s5

Front 13

ASIA cont.

Back 13

E- Normal motor and sensory function is normal

Front 14

MMT

Back 14

0- is total paralysis

2 is active movement full ROM with gravity eliminated.

5- is Normal Active movement, full ROM against full resistance

NT- not testable

Front 15

Medical Management OF SCI

Back 15

Begins immediately at onset of injury

FIRST thing is immobilization; then an EVAL of the vertebral column and spinal cord

SURGICAL laminectomies

Front 16

Complications of SCI

Spinal Shock

Back 16

altered Reflex activity, flaccid paralysis of muscles below the level of injury last 1 wk to 6 months

Front 17

Complications of SCI

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Back 17

hyperreflexea exaggerated response of the ANS; usually with injuries above T6 level symptom include sudden pounding headache, goose bumps flushing, tachycardia.

irritation of the nerves etc

Front 18

Course and Prognosis of SCI

Back 18

Challenging to predict outcome for recovery

depends on level of injury and type of damage

depends on patients motivation and support system.

clinicians should always be aware and acknowledge the validity of the client's perspective on recovery.

" to regain or compensate"

Front 19

Definition of Orthopedics

Back 19

Injury and disease of joints, bones and their related structures which includes ligaments, tendons and muscles

Front 20

Cont of DEf of Orthopedics

Back 20

Caused by disease , traumatic injury, MVA and arthritis

Front 21

Most common orthopedic injury

Back 21

Fracture

Front 22

Etiology of Fractures

Back 22

caused by trauma or disease of the bone or joint

2 critical factors in determination of fracture: amount of force applied to bone and strength of bone.

Front 23

Etiology of Osteoarthritis

Back 23

DJD. not an inflammation disease, results in deterioration of articular cartilage and the formation of new bone or osteophytes on the joint surface; these changes results in pain, joint edema and impaired participation in life activities.

most disabling in knees 27 mill affected

Front 24

Etiology of other Orthopedic conditions

Back 24

Diseases characterized by low bone density and deterioration of the bone, common in post menopausal women.

Front 25

Osteoporosis

Back 25

Irreversible, a person can live a productive and active life but will need to take extra caution in joint protection and fall prevention low bone density

Front 26

Osteopenia

Back 26

reversible weakening of the bone that may be diagnosed through a bone density scan, can be improved through a balanced diet supplements weight bearing exercises and dexa screenings.

Front 27

Heterotopic Ossification

Back 27

Abnormal bone formation in extraskeletal soft tissues, associated with traumatic injuries

severity depends on joints involved.

20 percent of patients have permanent functional loss

Front 28

Incidence and Prevalence of Osteoarthritis

Back 28

Fractures- unintentional falls is the leading cause of non fatal injuries in the US across all ages

Osteoarthritis- is one of the leading cause of disability impeding people's capacity to engage in meaningful activities

experience pain weakness loss of range of motion

Front 29

Signs and Symptoms of OSteo

Typical fractures

Back 29

Closed Fracture

Open Fracture

Compound and Greenstick

Front 30

Prognosis and functional outcomes

Orthropedic conditions

Varies and depends on what

Back 30

the condition itself and the health of a person

age, type of fracture location, severity of fracture and health status.

Front 31

weight bearing status post surgery

Back 31

NWB- 0% no weight bearing on the operated leg

Front 32

TTWB Toe touch weight bearing

Back 32

10-15% foot of operated leg may rest on the floor

Front 33

PWB- PArtial weight bearing

Back 33

30-50% patient can use of weight through the operated leg

Front 34

WB- weight bearing as tolerated

Back 34

patient may put as much weight through the operated leg as tolerated

Front 35

FWB- full weight bearing

Back 35

75-100% patient bears full weight on the operated leg.

Front 36

Total Hip Precautions

Back 36

Avoid hip flexion

hip rotation on operated leg

no hip adduction of operated leg, (crossing legs)

Front 37

Macular degeneration

What does it lead too?

Back 37

progressive disease that leads to chronic loss of sight and limits everyday function.

Front 38

Cause of age related Macular degeneration

Back 38

leading cause for severe vision loss for people older than 50 years in the US and developing countries

Front 39

Genetic environmental factors of Macular degeneration

Back 39

combination of genetic ( complete factor H gene and gene variants BF and environmental like smoking, diet and UV exposure.

Front 40

Signs and symptoms of Wet and dry Macular Degeneration

Dry

Back 40

No severe damage, progression is slower, initially taking years to develop. can result in loss of central vision

Front 41

Wet

Back 41

acute loss of central vision that becomes permanent

Front 42

Treatment for Macular degeneration

Back 42

No treatment to cure or reverse vision loss. Treatments are aimed at preserving the central vision for as long as possible.

Medications and laser treatments.

Front 43

Glaucoma

Back 43

Low vision disorder characterized by loss of ganglion cell layer of retina usually caused by increased intraocular pressure

Front 44

Glaucoma

Back 44

Second most common cause of blindness worldwide. Marked increase in the prevalence of glaucoma among people older than 40 years

Front 45

Cataracts

Back 45

Opacifications of the crystalline lens of the eyes, which result in decreased amount of light reaching the retina

Front 46

strongest risk factor for cataract

Back 46

Age is the strongest

Front 47

What client factor is impaired in low vision disorders

Back 47

Visual function

Front 48

Muscular Dystrophy

Back 48

A progressive neuromuscular disorder

Front 49

9 different types with over 30 different subtypes

Back 49

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Becker muscular dystrophy

emry dreifuss muscular dys

Limb-girdle

fascioscapulohumeral

myotonic

oculopharyngeal muscular

distal muscular congenital