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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allostatic Load
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The consequences of prolonged activation of the stress response, which usually are negative health outcomes.
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Antagonistic Pleiotrophy Theory of Aging
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Genes that benefit an individual early in life and contribute to fitness but that may have longer term deleterious effects are not selected against and may contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality associated with aging.
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Bushmeat Hunting and Emergence of Human Disease
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Cortisol
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A steroid hormone made from cholesterol that is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland. It is the main hormone that regulates the stress response. |
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Co-sleeping and Prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
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When co-sleeping, infants are exposed to theparent’s rhythmic breathing and their presence in bed produces a lighter sleep,during which the infant is more easily aroused. Therefore, infants are lesslikely go into deeper layers of sleep, less likely to suffer from sleep apnea,and more likely to have more organized, regular breathing patterns. |
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
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Mysterious disease in which infants, mostly between ages of 2 months and 6 months, simply stop breathing and die in their sleep.
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Dam- building as a cause of parasitic disease
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- Higher rates of malaria due to mosquitos. - Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) and onchocerciasis (River Blindness)- likely to rise as a result of global warming and climate instability. |
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Disposable soma theory of aging
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The idea that the somatic cells exists only to further the persistence of germ cells (eggs and sperm). The body is "disposable" because it only needs to be in a good condition through the normal reproductive life of an organism; there is no need to maintain it after that.
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Emerging Infectious Diseases |
Diseases of infectious origin whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future. |
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Free Radical Theory of Aging |
Evidence supported by the observation that animals with higher metabolic rates - and higher rates of producing endogenous free radicals- also tend to have shorter lives.
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Free Radicals
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Highly reactive molecules that contain at least one unpaired electron. These induce oxidative stress in the cells and may contribute to the aging process. |
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Herd Immunity
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When most of the population is immune to a pathogen, due to vaccination or prior exposure. This makes it difficult for a pathogen to spread, as there are few susceptible hosts.
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Humoral Medicine
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Medical understandings of the body as a set of humors that need to be in balance for health to be maintained.
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Hygiene Hypothesis
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A hypothesis developed to explain the rise in allergies in industrialized countries. Suggests that improvements in hygiene have resulted in less exposure to pathogens in childhood, which alters the development of the immune system in ways that cause it to respond inappropriately to nonpathogenic antigens. |
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Infibulation
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A form of female genital cutting that involves the removal of the clitoris, the labia minora, and most or all of the labia majora. |
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Lactational Infecundability |
A period of time after birth during which a woman is unable to conceive while breastfeeding. |
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Lifestyle Incongruity
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Inconsistency between ones lifestyle and ones education or occupation, such that the status that goes along with a particular lifestyle is higher than what ones education or occupation can reasonably maintain. |
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Okinawans Longevity |
Their mortality advantages are mostly attributable to lower rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Medical histories and autopsy reports indicate that although they may eventually succumb to age- related diseases and impairment, very old Okinawans maintain good health for a remarkably long time. |
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Malaria due to agriculture and deforestation
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The transition to horticulture calls for clearing out slots in the forest so that these areas may be suitable for plants. When exposed to sunlight these grounds become hardened and allows for pools of water to collect. This creates good breeding ground for anopheline mosquitoes. Furthermore the transition to horticulture is correlated with an increase in population allowing malaria to take hold. |
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Medicalization of male sexual dysfunction
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Began in 1996 with the Viagra which hit the market in 1998. over 400 million spent on advertising products. lack of close attention to health risks and inappropriate prescriptions f the drug
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menarche
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first menstrual cycle |
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zoonosis
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medical diseases in animals that can be transferred to humans |
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Prions
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infections proteins that cuase neurodegenerative diseases such as creutzfeld jakob diseae |
