Medical 9-Ms44-Assessment Of The Nervous System Terms

Front 1

motor?

Back 1

facilitating movement

Front 2

sensory?

Back 2

facilitating sensation

Front 3

depolarization?

Back 3

equilibration of ion concentration resulting in impulse conduction

Front 4

repolarization?

Back 4

pumping of ions out of cell resulting in return to baseline

Front 5

synapses?

Back 5

transmit impulses to the eventual destination from neurons

Front 6

neurotransmitters?

Back 6

chemical substances that enhance or inhibit nerve impulses

Front 7

meninges?

Back 7

the immediate protective covering of the brain and spinal cord

Front 8

supratentorial?

Back 8

above the tentorium

Front 9

infratentorial?

Back 9

below the tentorium

Front 10

Broca's area?

Back 10

speech area of the cerebrum responsible for formation of words

Front 11

Wernicke's area?

Back 11

speech area of the cerebrum enabling processing of words into coherent thought (association)

Front 12

thalamus?

Back 12

major "relay station" for the central nervuos system

Front 13

hypothalamus?

Back 13

part of the autonomic nervous system and essential part of intellectual function

Front 14

hypophysis? (pituitary gland)

Back 14

gland which releases hormones under the regulation of the hypothalamus

Front 15

reticular activating system?

Back 15

cells in the brainstem which control awareness and alertness

Front 16

cerebellum?

Back 16

part of the brain which controls physical movement

Front 17

ipsilateral?

Back 17

situated on the same side

Front 18

circle of Willis?

Back 18

ring of arteries at the base of the brain

Front 19

blood-brain barrier?

Back 19

keeps certain certain substances from passing from the blood into brain tissue

Front 20

cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 20

fluid surrounding and cushioning the brain and spinal cord

Front 21

gray matter?

Back 21

neuron cell bodies

Front 22

white matter?

Back 22

myelinated axons

Front 23

ascending tracts?

Back 23

tracts originating in the spinal cord and ending in the brain

Front 24

descending tracts?

Back 24

tracts beginning in the brain and ending the spinal cord

Front 25

afferent pathway?

Back 25

nerve branch carrying sensory information to the spinal cord

Front 26

efferent pathway?

Back 26

nerve branch carrying motor impulses to the muscles of the body

Front 27

dermatomes?

Back 27

represent sensory input from spinal nerves to specific areas of the skin

Front 28

plexuses?

Back 28

clusters of nerves

Front 29

reflexes?

Back 29

sensory input from a specific peripheral location which account for a change in the motor impulses going to that location independent of mediation in the cerebral cortex

Front 30

autonomic nervous system?

Back 30

system comprised of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 31

presbycusis?

Back 31

decrease in hearing, especially for high-pitched sounds

Front 32

alert?

Back 32

client who is awake and responsive

Front 33

orientation?

Back 33

awareness of "person, place, and time" in the client

Front 34

remote memory?

Back 34

long-term memory

Front 35

recall memory?

Back 35

recent memory

Front 36

immediate memory?

Back 36

new memory

Front 37

touch discrimination?

Back 37

ability to determine location of a touch

Front 38

proprioception?

Back 38

awareness of body position

Front 39

contralateral?

Back 39

opposite side

Front 40

pronator drift?

Back 40

fall of arm with palm turned inward; caused by muscle weakness due to cerebral or brainstem damage

Front 41

Romberg sign?

Back 41

client sways when eyes closed but not when eyes are open

Front 42

deep tendon reflexes?

Back 42

reflexes of the biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, quadriceps, and Achilles tendon

Front 43

cutaneous reflexes?

Back 43

plantar and abdominal reflexes

Front 44

Babinski's sign?

Back 44

dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of the other toes associated with CNS disease

Front 45

clonus?

Back 45

sudden, brief, jerking contraction of a muscle or muscle group

Front 46

Glasgow Coma Scale?

Back 46

establishes baseline data in three areas: eye opening, motor response, and verbal response

Front 47

decortication?

Back 47

abnormal posturing seen in the client with lesions that interrupt the corticospinal pathways

Front 48

decerebration?

Back 48

abnormal posturing and rigidity associated with dysfunction in the brainstem area

Front 49

PERRLA?

Back 49

Pupils should be Equal in size, Round and Regular in shape, and react to Light and Accommodation

Front 50

direct response?

Back 50

pupil constriction due to light stimulus

Front 51

consensual response?

Back 51

constriction of pupil due solely to constriction in the other pupil and not stimulus

Front 52

cerebral angiography?

Back 52

injection of contrast medium into artery to identify aneurysms, injuries, strictures/occlusions, tumors, and arteriovenous malformations

Front 53

computed tomography (CT) scanning?

Back 53

method of diagnosing neurological problems using pictures taken at many horizontal levels which are combined to give a 3D image of the brain or spinal cord

Front 54

positron emission tomography (PET)?

Back 54

diagnostic method which yields information about the function of the brain, specifically glucose and oxygen metabolism and cerebral blood flow

Front 55

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)?

Back 55

method useful for studying cerebral blood flow, stroke, dementia, AIDS, amnesia, neoplasms, head trauma, seizures, persistent vegetative state, brain death, and psychiatric disorders

Front 56

magnetic resonance angiography?

Back 56

MRI test used to identify arterial blockages, intracranial aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations

Front 57

magnetic resonance spectroscopy?

Back 57

MRI test used to detect abnormalities in the brain's biochemical processes

Front 58

lumbar puncture (spinal tap)?

Back 58

insertion of a spinal needle into the subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae to obtain data or inject medications

Front 59

spinal headache?

Back 59

severe, throbbing headache associated with a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid

Front 60

electroencephalography (EEG)?

Back 60

test recording the electrical activities of the cerebral hemispheres

Front 61

electromyography (EMG)?

Back 61

test recording the electrical activity of peripheral nerves by testing muscle activity

Front 62

electromyoneurography?

Back 62

combination of electromyography and electroneurography

Front 63

brain scan?

Back 63

imaging study involving the injection of a radioactive substance in order to detect pathologic conditions

Front 64

transcranial Doppler?

Back 64

test used to evaluate intracranial hemodynamics