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101 Cards in this Set

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Impetigo
highly contagious infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria.
Bell's palsy
is an inflammation of the facial nerve(cranial nerve VII) and is thought to be caused by the herpes simplex virus.
Ludwig's angina
is a bacterial infection of the floor of the mouth resulting from an infection in the root of the teeth, an abscessed tooth, or an injury to the mouth.
Chalazion
a small bump on the eyelid that results from a blocked oil gland.
Hordeolum
a common acute infection to the glands of the eyelids.
Chronic glaucoma ( open-angle glaucoma)
aqueous fluid drains too slowly, overtime pressure builds up within the eye and damages the optic nerve.
Normal tension glaucoma
a type of open glaucoma that causes vison changes with no increase in intraocular pressure.
Labyrinthitis
an inflammation in the labyrinth of the middle ear.
Meniere's disease
a disease that damages the balance and hearing parts of the inner ear.
Tinnitus
ringing in the ears.
Otitis externa
Swimmers ear- a condition manifested by redness and irritation of the external auditory canal.
Thrush
a fungal infection of the mouth.
characterized by white, scaly patches on the tongue and inside of the mouth and throat.
Peritonsillar abscess
significant infection in the tonsils.
occurs in children but is more common in adults.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Collection of fluid in the alveoli of the lung, usually the result of trauma or serious illness.
Alveoli
Functional units of the resp system; singular form is alveolus.
Aspiration pneumonitis
Inflammation of the bronchi and alveoli caused by inhaled foreign objects, usually acids such as stomach acid.
Atelectasis
Partial or full collapse of the alveoli in the lungs
Carpopedal spasm
Cramping of the extremities secondary to hyperventilation induced hypocalcemia.
Circumoral paresthesia
A feeling of tingling around the lips and mouth caused by hyperventilation.
Costrochondritis
Inflammation of the cartliage in the anterior chest that causes chest pain.
Croup
A viral infection of the upper airway that is notorious of causing stridor.
Cystic Fibrosis
Genetic disease marked by hypersecretion of glands, including mucous glands in the lungs.
Hamman's sign
A crunching sound occasionally heard on auscultation of the heart when air is in the mediastinum.
Appendicular skeleton
Part of the skeleton that consists of all the bones not within the axial skeleton: upper and lower extremities, the girdles, and their attachments.
Axial skeleton
Part of the skeleton composed of the skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
Carpal tunnel syndrome
A medical condition in which the median nerve is compressed at the wrist, resulting in pain and numbness of the hand.
Cauda equina syndrome
A group of symptoms associated with the compression of the peripheral nerves still within the spinal canal below the level of the first lumbar vertebra, characterized by lumbar back pain, motor, and sensory deficits, and bowel or bladder incontinence.
Cervical spondylosis
Degeneration of two or more cervical vertebrae, usually resulting in a narrowing of the space between the vertebrae.
Myositis
A rare muscle disease in which the body's immune system is activated, resulting in the inflammation and pain of muscle tissue.
Pathologic fracture
Fractures that occur as a result of an underlying disease process that weakens the mechanical properties of the bone.
Sciatica
Pain in the lumbar back and leg caused by irritation and impingement of the sciatic nerve, usually from a herniated disc.
Sesamoid bones
specialized bones found within tendons where they cross a joint; designed to protect the joint,(patella)
Sprain
An injury to a ligament that results when the ligament is overstretched, leading to tearing or complete disruption of the ligament.
Strain
An injury to a muscle that results when the muscle is overstretched, leading to tearing of the individual muscle fibers.
Osteoarthritis
Also called degenerative joint disease, is a disorder in which the cartilaginous covering of the joint surface starts to wear away.
rheumatoid arthritis
is a inflammatory process mediated through an immune complex disease.
Osteomyelitis
the invasion of microorganisms into bone. occur by direct inoculation, direct extension of an adjacent skin wound, or hematogenous.
S/S- Hx of gradually worsening pain, pain with weight bearing or use of the affected limb, fever, chills, and findings of erythema, swelling and pain with movement of the limb.
Gout
is a metabolic disease typically affecting the large joint of the body. caused by depositian of uric acid crystals in the joint space.
S/S- severe pain, warmth, swelling, and erythema.
Passive range of motion test
the movement of the joint while the patient is relaxed and the examiner moves the affected area.
Active range of motion test
movement of the joint as done by the patient using his or her own muscle.
Acalculous cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones.
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the bile duct.
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Choledocholithiasis
The persence of gallstones in the common bile duct.
Cholelithiasis
The presence of stones in the gallbladder.
Cirrhosis
A chronic degenerative disease of the liver. Scarring of the liver and poor liver function.
Coagulation necrosis
Dead or dying tissue that forms a scar or eschar.
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of a diverticulum, especially of the small pockets in the wall of the colon that fill with stagnant fecal material and become inflamed.
Diverticulosis
A condition of the colon in with outpouches develop.
Dyspepsia
Epigastric discomfort often occurring after meals.
Encephalopathy
A condition of disturbances of consciousness and possible progression to coma.
Fecalith
A hard impacted mass of feces in the colon.
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach and the intestines.
Hematochezia
Bright-red blood in the stool.
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver.
Hernia
Protrusion of any organ through an abdominal opening in the muscle wall of the cavity that surrounds it.
Hyperresonant
A high pitched sound
Icterus
Jaundice or yellow skin
Incarcerated hernia
Hernia of intestine that cannot be returned or reduced by manipulation; it may or may not becom stragulated.
Intussusception
Invagination of a part of the colon into another part of the colon; also referred to as telescoping.
Melena
Foul-smelling, dark, tarry stools staind with blood pigments or with digested blood, often indicating GI bleeding.
Somatic Pain
pain that arises from either the contaneous tissues of the body's surface or deep tissues of hte body.
Stenosis
Abnormal constriction or narrowing of a structure.
Stricture
A specific form of narrowing, usually from scar tissue formation.
Visceral pain
Deep pain that arises form internal areas of the body that are enclosed withing a cavity
Volvulus
Intestinal obstruction caused by a knotting and twisting of the bowel.
Ligament of treitz
located at the junction of duodenum and jejunum.
mallory-weiss tear
occurs in the mucus membrane of the lower part of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach, near where they join
Murphy's Sign
a sign of Cholecystitis consisting of pain on taking a deep breath when the examiner's fingers are on the approximate location of the gallbladder
Rovsing's Sign
pain in the right lower quadrant when pressure is applied to the left lower quadrant.
Appendicits
Psoas sign
pain elected by having the patient lying on their left side and extending the right thigh and applying counter pressure to right hip.
sign of appendicitis
Obturator sign
Pain on passive internal rotation of the flexed thigh. Examiner moves lower leg laterally while applying resistance to the lateral side of the knee (asterisk) resulting in internal rotation of the femur.
Sign of Appendicititis
Cullen's sign
Bluish discoloration around the umbilicus, periumbilical hemorrhage.
Grey-Turner's sign
Bruising over the flanks, hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Kehr's sign
Referred pain in the left shoulder caused by splenic hemorrhage.
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidney acts on the bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells.
Calcitriol
Hormone secreted by the kidney promotes the absorption of calcium from food and mobilizes calcium from the bones to the blood.
Atrial Naturietic peptide (ANP)
produced by the atria when they are distedended by increased blood volume. ANP inhibits the absorption of water and sodium in the renal tubules, thereby increasing the elimination of water.
Aldosterone
produced by the adrenal glands, exerts an effect on the kidneys by increasing the reabsorption of sodium into the circulatory system.
Antidiuretic hormone ADH
produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary, causes decrease in elimination of water.
Epidermis
Top layer of the skin, composed of epidermal cells or keratinocytes.
Dermis
second layer of skin, composed of collagen.
Macule
a flat, circumscribed discolored lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter. example is a freckle.
Papule
an elevated solid lesion usually less than 0.5cm in diameter.
examples include warts, and moles.
Plaque
an elevated solid lesion usually greater than 0.5 cm in diameter that lacks any deep component. Example is Actinic keratosis.
Patch
a flat, circumscribed, discolored lesion greater than 1 cm. example is a mongolian spot.
Nodule
an elevated solid lesion in the deep skin or subcutaneous tissue. usually larger and deeper than papules and are greater than 0.5cm in diameter,
Wheal
a firm, rounded, flat-topped elevation of skin that is evanescent, also is known as a hive.
vesicle
an elevated lesion that contains clear fluid and is less that 0.5 cm. sometimes called water blister. the vesicles associated with chickenpox are an example.
bulla
a localized, fluid-filled lesion usually greater than 0.5 cm, blisters are example.
pustule
a lesion that contains purulent material, acne is an example.
Cyst
an elevated and circumscribed, walled cavity that contains fluid or purulent material.
Secondary skin lesion
a primary lesion that has been altered by scratching, scurbbing, or other types of trauma or caused by a type of injury or insult.
Crust
a collection of cellular debris or dried blood. often called a scab.
Erosion
a partial focal loss of epidermis. lesion is depressed, moist and does not bleed.it usually heals without scarring.
Ulcer
a full-thickness crater that involves the dermis and epidermis, with loss of the surface epithelium. lesion is depressed and may bleed.
fissure
a vertical loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined walls. sometimes called a crack.
Excoriation
a linear erosion created by scratching, a hollowed-out that is sometimes crusted.
Scar
a collection of new connective tissue. it may be hypertrophic or atrophic and implies dermoepidermal damage.
Scale
thick stratum corneum that results from hyperproliferation or increased cohesion of keratinocytes. can include eczema or psoriasis.
Psoriasis
common chronic skin disorder characterized by erythematous papules and plaques with a silver scale.