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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

issues raised by the commercialization on popular music: appropriation, authenticity

authenticity


appropriation

authenticity:

produced for artistic purposes; not motivated by sales, experiments with new sounds or techniques, expresses an artist's individuality.

appropriation:

taking one's music for their own, usually without the owner's permission

appropriation of black music by white performers

in the novelty stage, white performers would take music by black musicians and remix it or make it their own because they had money and means to do so. they censored some of it to make acceptable for parents but it still had dangerous black culture elements that appealed to young people. cultural mixing is important for success.


Elvis Presley

broadcasting vs. cable (technological and institutional differences)

broadcasting: the transmission of programs to a large, undifferentiated audience via airways, valuable, must follow PICON (public interest, convenience, and necessity) shows to a large, undifferentiated audience by airwaves or the electromagnetic spectrum and can be radio or television


cable does not use airways - "invited guest"

characteristics of the American system of commercial broadcasting

it is loosely regulated, the FCC focuses on public interest or people's convenience, and network dominated


Very advertiser supported (audience measurement, rise and fall of the sponsorship model)

role of network vs. affiliate

networks have power


networks are hardwired connected to affiliates who then take programs and put them on broadcast towers which are then transmitted through the air to our homes


affiliates do not own channel but they license the right to use channel

changes in advertiser support (sponsorship, 30 second ads, product placement)

sponsorship model of TV - networks didn't originate any programming themselves, they sold 15 blocks to ads - therefore, 100% sponsorship by ads

hegemony

the acceptance of the dominant values in a culture by those who are subordinate to those who hold economic and political power

representation of gender on television, broadcasting and post-broadcasting eras

Speaking characters in prime-time comedies: 68.5% men, 31.5% women




TV participates in the construction of social reality by giving particular roles and activities to genders.

Least Common Denominator TV:

TV in the broadcast era


Shows everyone found "appealing" and not offensive


Broad audience


Ex: Cosby Show

TV with edge:

TV in post broadcast era


Appeal to a particular demographic, offend some


Ex: South Park




Concern: No shared cultural experience- Everyone is no longer watching the same shows

economics changes the lead to the rise/demise of broadcasting

Developed during great depression


during this time lack of consumption


television advertising served as an effective way to raise consumerism (nation wide mass consumption)


In 70’s-80’s mass production economy begins to collapse


localized production, just in time production-making something right up to the point of selling (faster production)


Fashion music television commodities industries become more central in economy


More tailored ads

share:

% of homes with TV sets ON tuned to a specific program




share is always higher

rating:

% of homes with a TV tuned to a specific program

challenges facing conventional TV ratings

undifferentiated audiences (same thing to entire country, less people are watching live TV, advertising for TV prices are going up)


Netflix & Hulu

relative ad spend in different media (TV, internet, radio, etc.)

TV 38.7%


Internet 18.7%


Newspaper 15.5%


Magazine 11.2%


Radio 10.6%

social concerns about the decline of broadcasting

concerns the trend toward cable, broadcasting, and telephone companies merging will limit expression of political viewpoints, programming options and technical innovation and lead to price-fixing

pay cable networks vs. premium channels (indecency)

premium channels have more freedom of what they can show because it is not serving the whole population, they have less restrictions


Premium can do what ever they want have no sponsors or anyone to tell them they can't do something

the scope of the First Amendment

Broadcasting shows do not have first amendment rights. Because broadcasters are seen as a limited resource. Have to follow PICON rules and you cant prevent signals into a room


Cable is an invited guess, has first amendment protections


worried that if they don’t self-censor that then the FCC will step in and regulate


do it out of fear of losing first amendment protections

the five rights guaranteed by the First Amendment

freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom to assemble peacefully, and freedom of petitioning

protected and unprotected forms of expression

Obscenity: unprotected


Indecency: protected