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13 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Contextual Relativism
When a person becomes oriented in an uncertain world and puts ideas into context, recognizes the need to reach reasoned decisions, makes tentative commitments, and explores the implications of a chosen lifestyle.
Conventional Phase of Moral Development
Phase that involves a relativistic
view of the world in which many opinions appear to be acceptable, individuals conform
to the expectations of others, and rules are followed.
Defining Issues Test
A pencil-and-paper instrument created by James Rest
used to measure moral development. Research focuses on moral sensitivity, moral
judgment, moral motivation and commitment, and moral character and implementation
Dualism
The belief that things are divided into two different elements or
opposing parts, such as good and evil.
Empathy
The ability to share feelings or experiences of others by imagining what it would be like to be in their situation.
Epistomology
Branch of philosophy that studies the origin,
nature, methods, validity, and limits of human knowledge. It deals with the creation and
dissemination of knowledge in particular areas of inquiry
Moral Development
How individuals emerge through a logical set of
hierarchical stages when reaching moral decisions.
Moral Psychology
A field of study in philosophy and psychology that focuses
on the moral side of human cognition and behavior.
Morality of Care
Carol Gilligan’s (and other feminist writers’)
exploration of responsibilities that sustain connection in four ways: (1) individuals are
defined as connected in relation to others; (2) relationships are grounded in response to
others on their terms; (3) moral problems are considered as issues of relationship or
response; and (4) morality of action is determined by whether relationships were
maintained or restored.
Morality of Justice
Lawrence Kohlberg’s exploration of rights that protect
separation in four ways: (1) individuals are defined as separate from one another; (2)
relationships are grounded in reciprocity; (3) conflicting claims are resolved by invoking
rules or standards; and (4) morality is determined by whether each party was treated with
equity
Post-Conventional Phase of Moral Development
The highest levels or phases
of moral development, in which autonomous decision makers employ expanded empathy
and put things into philosophic context.
Pre-Concenventional Phase of Moral Development
The first stages of moral
development, in which people are controlled by authority figures or the wills of others,
perceive themselves to be relatively powerless, and have little sense of ―the other.‖
Social Contract
Individuals freely enter contractual commitment to
friends, family, and work. An agreement among members of society or between the
governed and the government defining and limiting rights.