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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ways of interpreting culture plates.
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colony morphology, size, margins, elevation, pigment, configuration, opticl feature.
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Ways of interpreting nutrient broth?
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turbid, pellicle (film), growth on bottom?
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Ways of interpreting slant?
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Growth.
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Purpose of plate?
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isolation
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Purpose of broth?
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fast, high density
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Purpose of agar slant?
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short term storage.
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Gram stain creator
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Hans Christian Gram - 1884
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Purpose of oil for oil-immersion
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keeps the light rays from refracting going from glass to air.
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Gram stain difference is in the ....
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peptidoglycan layer.
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Variations in peptidoglycan layer
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thick and thin
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Steps of Gram stain:
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heat fix
gentian violet, 1 min (color everything) water off iodine, 1 min (mordant) water off alcohol, 5-10 sec (dehydrate cell) water off safranin, 1 min (counter-stain) water off, dry |
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Properties of Staphylococcus
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CAT +
Gram + Cocci singly, pairs, short (3-4) chains, and groups. non-motile nonporeformers facultative anaerobes unencapsulated |
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most common gram positive bacteria
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S. aureus
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part of normal skin microbiota
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S. epidermidis
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associated with urinary tract infections
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S. saprophyticus
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Catalase - gram positive cocci are...
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Streptococcaceae
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Catalase + gram positive cocci are
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micrococcaceae (usually staph)
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Catalase +
gram positive cocci coagulase positive |
Staphylococcus aureus
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Catalase +
gram positive cocci oxidase/bacitracin susceptibility |
Micrococcus
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Catalase +
gram positive cocci oxidase/bacitracin resistant novabiocin suceptible |
Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Catalase +
gram positive cocci oxidase/bacitracin resistant novabiocin resistant |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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Coagulase test tests for presence of cuagulease. the two froms of coagulase are
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free coagulase and bound coagulase
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coagulase tube test is for
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bound and free coagulase
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coagualse staphtex test is for
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coagulase and protein A
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Which staph ferments manitol?
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S. aureus
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TSA
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tryptic soy agar
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MSA
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mannitol salt agar
10% NaCl |
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Staph-API strip tests for
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species level ID of staph
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beta lactamase test (nitrocefin discs)
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cephalosporin. breaks the amide bond in beta-lactam ring.
changes from yellow to red if positive. |
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gene that makes staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin
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mec gene.
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MRSA test is grown on what agar
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mueller hinton agar
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what should you do to read staph-API test
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GLU should be positive (yellow)
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Strep and enterococcus properties
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CAT -
Gram + cocci facultate anaerobes in chains rather than clusters |
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streptococcus are nutritionally...
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fastidious, need blood agar
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gram positive
catalase - beta hemolytic PYR-bacitracin sensitive |
Group A strep
strep pyogenes |
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gram positive
catalase - beta hemolytic PYR-bacitracin resistant hippurate positive |
Streptococcus agalactiae
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gram positive
catalase - beta hemolytic PYR-bacitracin resistant Hippurate negative bile esculin positive PYR (6.5 NaCl) positive |
Enterococcus spp.
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gram positive
catalase - beta hemolytic PYR-bacitracin resistant Hippurate negative bile esculin positive PYR (6.5 NaCl) negative |
Group D
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gram positive
catalase - beta hemolytic PYR-bacitracin resistant Hippurate negative bile esculin negative |
beta hemolytic strep
Not Group A, B, or D |
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gram positive
catalase - alpha hemolytic optochin sensitive |
streptococcus pneumonia
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gram positive
catalase - alpha hemolytic optochin resistant bile esculin positive PYR (6.5% NaCL) positive |
Enterococcus spp.
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gram positive
catalase - alpha hemolytic optochin resistant bile esculin positive PYR (6.5% NaCL) negative |
Group D
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gram positive
catalase - alpha hemolytic optochin resistant bile esculin negative |
Viridans group
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gram positive
catalase - non hemolytic bile esculin positive PYR (6.5% NaCl) positive |
Enterococcus spp.
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gram positive
catalase - non hemolytic bile esculin positive PYR (6.5% NaCl) negative |
Group D
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PYR hydrolysis test
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positive - red color from PYR+ cinnamaldehyde.
negative - no color detection of pyrolydonyl arylamidase |
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SXT
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sufamethoxazole and Trimthoprim
used to imporve accuracy of identifying group A. Group A and B are resistant to SXT. |
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CAMP test
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used to identify S. agalactiae
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Hippurate hydrolysis
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identifies S. agalactiae
uses Ninhydrin indicator solution after incubation deep blue color if positive |
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bile esculin tests for ability to
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grow in presence of bile
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6.5% NaCl broth
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just another test.
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hemolysins
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lyse host tissues, not just red blood cells
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quick vue Strep A test
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tests for Group A strep, strep pyogenes
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serology for strep - Streppro
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similar to staph tex, uses latex antigen agglutination to identify groups of strep.
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determining factor for s. pyogenes
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beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensative
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determining factor for S agalactiae.
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beta hemolytic, hippurate positive
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determining factor for S. pneumonia
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alpha hemolytic, optochin sensative
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determing factor for S. viridans
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alpha hemolytic, resistant to optochin
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determining factor for Enterococcus faecalis
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alpha/non hemolytic, positive for PYR, positive for 6.5% NaCl, positive for bile esculin
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sputum acceptable if
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white blood cells outnumber epithelial cells.
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Neisseria species
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gonorrhoeae (always pathogenic) and meningitidis (sometimes in upper respitory)
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Neisseria characteristics
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aerobic
non-motile gram negative Cocci oxidase positive extremely fastidious and sensative |
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Moraxella characteristics
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gram negative
rods of cocci usually in pairs no flagella, non swimming motility usually catalase positive |
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type of medium needed to grow neisseria
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selective media - modified thayermartin medium and martin lewis medium. have growth factors and use antibiotic and antifungal to inhibit normal microbiota
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chocolate media can be used to grow neisseria and morxella when
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colonies are already isolated.
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oxidase test uses
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a redox indicator, a phenylenediamine compound) which turns from colorless (reduced) to purple (oxidized).
Identifies cytochrome C |
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CTA
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cystine tryptic agar
used to identify which carbohydrate the organism can ferment. red to yellow via phenol red positive:yellow at top negative:no color change |
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Carboferm
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rapid carbohydrate test for neisseria
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Haemophilis
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gram negative
pleomorphic coccabacilli non-acid fast non motile non spore forming |
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growth factors of blood
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X - hematin
V - nicotinamide adenine dicucleotide |
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quadrant one, two, three, and four
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Chocolate agar, RCF (modified SBA), V, and X
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