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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List 8 conditions that may be associated with hypertension.
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Chronic renal failure
Coarctation of the aorta Hyperthyroidism Cushing's syndrome Acromegaly Conn's syndrome Phaeochromocytoma Polycystic ovarian syndrome Simple obesity Diabetes mellitus |
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List 4 conditions that my be associated with hypotension.
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Addison's disease
Panhypopituitarism Hypothyroidism Phaeochromocytoma Hyperthyroidism Chronic renal failure |
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List 4 conditions that may be associated with weight loss.
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Addison's disease
Hyperthyroidism Phaeochromocytoma Panhypopituitarism Diabetes mellitus |
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List 4 conditions that may be associated with hyperglycaemia.
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Diabetes Mellitus
Cushing's syndrome Acromegaly Phaeochromocytoma Polycystic ovarian syndrome |
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List 4 conditions that may be associated with oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea.
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Chronic renal failure
Acromegaly Cushing's syndrome Polycystic ovarian syndrome Panhypopituitarism |
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List 4 conditions that may be associated with reduced growth.
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Panhypopituitarism
Chronic renal failure Hypothyroidism Cushing's syndrome |
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List some conditions that may be associated with muscle weakness and fatigue.
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Addison's disease
Cushing's syndrome Hyperparathyroidism Chronic renal failure Coarctation of the aorta Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Acromegaly Conn's syndrome Phaeochromocytoma Hypoparathyroidism Polycystic ovarian syndrome Panhypopituitarism Simple Obesity Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus |
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List 6 conditions that may be associated with reduced fertility.
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Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Cushing's syndrome Panhypopituitarism Chronic renal failure Hyperthyroidism Hyperparathyrodism Simple obesity Diabetes mellitus |
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List 6 conditions that may be associated with polyuria & polydipsia.
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Cushing's syndrome
Acromegaly Conn's syndrome Hyperparathyroidism Polycystic ovarian syndrome Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Insipidus |
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List the two most useful tests to diagnose Cushing's syndrome.
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24 hour urinary cortisol
Dexamethasone suppression test |
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List the two most useful tests to diagnose hyperthyroidism.
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TSH
free T3 & T4 |
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What are 4 methods of controlling hyperthyroidism?
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Beta-adrenoceptor blocker
Surgical removal of gland Radio-active iodine Neomercazole/thionamide |
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What are two agens you would use to treat an infant with a salf losing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
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Prednisolone or dexamethosone
Mineralocorticoid |
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List some risks of thyroid surgery.
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Infection
Hypoparathyroidism Hypothyroidism Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage Laryngeal obstruction |
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List some risks of pituitary surgery.
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Infection
Hypothyroidism Hypoadrenalism Meningitis Cavernous sinus thrombosis Carotid-cavernous fistula |
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Define Chromosomal sex.
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Presence of Y chromosome for male sex
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Define Gonadal sex.
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Presence of testes for male sex
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Define Hormonal sex.
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Physiological level of male hormone giving male secondary sex characteristics
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What is the percentage of couples experiencing infertility in Australia?
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15%
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A cause for male infertility is abnormal sperm production. What are some characteristics of abnormal sperm production?
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Most cases are not amenable to treatment
They can relate to karyotypic abnormality They may be acquired from having an infection like mumps They can be seen in Klinefelter's syndrome The Y chromosome is important in sperm production. |
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What are the important semen characteristics for fertility?
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Semen volume
Semen pH Sperm concentration Motility Normal forms White blood cells Sperm antibodies |
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What are values of the important semen characteristics needed for fertility?
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Semen volume - over 2mL
Semen pH - 7.2-7.8 Sperm concentration - over 20million/ml Motility - over 50% Normal forms - over 15% White blood cells - less than a million/ml Sperm antibodies - absent |
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What are the reasons why increasing age reduces fecundity?
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Increased miscarriage rate
Increased prematurity rate Increased fetal abnormality rate Increased operative delivery rate Increased perinatal death rate Increasing age does not reduce fecundity because of increased gonadal hormone levels |
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What is ICSI and when can it be used?
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Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
I can be used when there are very low sperm levels or only sperm in testes. Can collect a sperm and inject it directly into an egg to enable fertilization in vitro. |
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What will give a perfet APGAR score?
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Colour - pink
Pulse - over 100/min Reflex response to suctioning nose - cough, pull away or squeeze Muscle tone - active movement Respiration - Good strong cry |