Med Terms Chapter 8

Front 1

Cerebr/o

Back 1

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

Front 2

cerebell/o

Back 2

cerebellum (little brain)

Front 3

crani/o

Back 3

skull

Front 4

encephal/o

Back 4

entire brain

Front 5

esthesi/o

Back 5

sensation

Front 6

gangli/o

Back 6

ganglion (knot)

Front 7

gli/o

Back 7

glue

Front 8

gnos/o

Back 8

knowing

Front 9

kinesi/o

Back 9

movement

Front 10

lex/o

Back 10

word or phrase

Front 11

mening/o, meningi/o

Back 11

meninges (membrane)

Front 12

myel/o

Back 12

spinal cord or bone marrow

Front 13

narc/o

Back 13

stupor or sleep

Front 14

neur/o

Back 14

nerve

Front 15

phas/o

Back 15

speech

Front 16

phob/o

Back 16

exaggerated fear or sensitivity

Front 17

phor/o

Back 17

carry or bear

Front 18

phren/o, psych/o, thym/o

Back 18

mind

Front 19

schiz/o

Back 19

split

Front 20

somat/o

Back 20

body

Front 21

somn/o, somn/I, hypn/o

Back 21

sleep

Front 22

spin/o

Back 22

spine (thorn)

Front 23

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

Back 23

vertebra

Front 24

stere/o

Back 24

three dimensional or solid

Front 25

tax/o

Back 25

order or coordination

Front 26

thalam/o

Back 26

thalamus (a room)

Front 27

ton/o

Back 27

tone or tension

Front 28

top/o

Back 28

place

Front 29

ventricul/o

Back 29

ventricle (belly or pouch)

Front 30

cata-

Back 30

down

Front 31

Suffixes

Front 32

-asthenia

Back 32

weakness

Front 33

-lepsy

Back 33

seizure

Front 34

-mania

Back 34

condition of abnormal impulse toward

Front 35

-paresis

Back 35

slight paralysis

Front 36

-plegia

Back 36

paralysis

Front 37

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 37

brain and spinal cord

Front 38

Brain

Back 38

portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium

Front 39

cerebrum

Back 39

largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves, known as the cerebral hemispheres, which are connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum; lobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones they underlie

Front 40

frontal lobe

Back 40

anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere; responsible for voluntary muscle movement and personality

Front 41

parietal lobe

Back 41

portion posterior to the frontal lobe; responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch

Front 42

temporal lobe

Back 42

portion that lies below the frontal lobe; responsible for hearing, taste, and smell

Front 43

occipital lobe

Back 43

portion posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes; responsible for vision

Front 44

cerebral cortex

Back 44

outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of grey matter; responsible for higher mental functions (cortex = bark)

Front 45

thalamus, diencephalon

Back 45

each of two grey matter nuclei deep within the brain; responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex

Front 46

gyri

Back 46

convolutions (mounds) of the cerebral hemispheres

Front 47

sulci

Back 47

shallow grooves that separate gyri

Front 48

fissures

Back 48

deep grooves in the brain

Front 49

cerebellum

Back 49

portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum; responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles

Front 50

brainstem

Back 50

region of the brain that serves as a relay between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord; responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temperature; the three levels are the mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata

Front 51

ventricles

Back 51

series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Front 52

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Back 52

plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord

Front 53

spinal cord

Back 53

column of nervous tissue from the brainstem through the vertebrae; responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body

Front 54

meninges

Back 54

three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, consisting of the dura, pia and arachnoid mater.

Front 55

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Back 55

nerves that branch from the central nervous system including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves)

Front 56

cranial nerves

Back 56

12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain

Front 57

spinal nerves

Back 57

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

Front 58

sensory nerves

Back 58

nerves that conduct impulses from body parts and carry sensory information to the brain; also called afferent nerves (ad= toward; ferre = to carry)

Front 59

motor nerves

Back 59

nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands; also called efferent nerves (e= out; ferre = to carry)

Front 60

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Back 60

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, and various glands

Front 61

hypothalamus

Back 61

coontrol center for the autonomic nervous system located below the thalamus

Front 62

sympathetic nervous system

Back 62

division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations ("Fight or Flight")

Front 63

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 63

division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience ("rest and digest")

Front 64

aphasia, dysphasia

Back 64

imparement because of localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words; occurs as a result of a stroke, head trauma, or disease

Front 65

coma

Back 65

a general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness; a common method of assessment is the Glasgow Coma Scale

Front 66

delirium

Back 66

a state of mental confusion caused by disturbances in cerebral function; the many causes include fever, shock, and drug overdose (deliro= to draw the furrow awry when plowing, to go off the rails)

Front 67

dementia

Back 67

an imparement of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion (dementio = to be mad)

Front 68

motor deficit

Back 68

loss or imparement of muscle function

Front 69

sensory deficit

Back 69

loss or imparement of sensation

Front 70

neuralgia

Back 70

pain along the course of a nerve

Front 71

paralysis

Back 71

temporary or permanent loss of motor control

Front 72

flaccid paralysis

Back 72

defective (flabby) or absent muscle control caused by a nerve lesion

Front 73

spastic paralysis

Back 73

stiff and awkward muscle control caused by a central nervous system disorder

Front 74

hemiparesis

Back 74

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

Front 75

sciatica

Back 75

pain that follows the pathway of the sciatic nerve caused by compression of the nerve or its roots

Front 76

seizure

Back 76

sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from an abnormal firing of nerve impulses; may or may not be associated with convulsions.

Front 77

convulsion

Back 77

to pull together; type of seizure that causes a series of sudden, involuntary contractions of muscles

Front 78

syncope

Back 78

fainting

Front 79

tactile stimulation

Back 79

evoking a response by touching

Front 80

hyperesthesia

Back 80

increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain

Front 81

paresthesia

Back 81

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

Front 82

agnosia

Back 82

any type of loss of neurologic function involving interpretation of sensory information

Front 83

astereognosis

Back 83

inability to judge the form of an object by touch (e.g. a coin from a key)

Front 84

atopognosis

Back 84

inability to locate a sensation properly, such as an inability to locate a point touched on the body

Front 85

Alzheimer's disease

Back 85

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions , total disability, and death

Front 86

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Back 86

condition of progressive deterioration of motor nerve cells resulting in total loss of voluntary muscle weakness in th arms and legs, to the muscles of speech, swallowing, and breathing, to total paralysis and death; also known as "Lou Gehrig disease"

Front 87

cerebral palsy (CP)

Back 87

condition of motor dysfunction caused bu damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth; characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle coordination

Front 88

cerebrovascular disease

Back 88

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

Front 89

cerebral arteriosclerosis

Back 89

hardening of the arteries of the brain

Front 90

cerebral atherosclerosis

Back 90

condition of lipid build up within the blood vessels of the brain

Front 91

cerebral aneurysm

Back 91

dilation of a blood vessel in the brain

Front 92

cerebral thrombosis

Back 92

presence of a stationary clot in a blood vessel of the brain

Front 93

cerebral embolism

Back 93

obstruction of a blood vessel in the brain by an embolus transported though the circulation

Front 94

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), stroke

Back 94

damage to the brain caused by cerebrovascular disease such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke)

Front 95

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Back 95

brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (imparement); often preceeds a CVA

Front 96

encephalitis

Back 96

inflammation of the brain

Front 97

electrodiagnostic procedures

Back 97

procedures used to evaluate func of nervous system by recording electrical signals produced in brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Front 98

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 98

type of electrodiagnostic procedure. Record of minute electical impulses of brain. Used to ID neurological cond that affect brain func and level of consiousness

Front 99

evoked potentials

Back 99

type of electrodiagnostic procedure. Record of minute electrical potentials (waves ) that are extracted from ongoing EEG activity to diagnose auditory, visual, and sensory pathway disroders. Used to monitor neurological func of patients during surgery

Front 100

polysomnography (PSG)

Back 100

recording of various aspects of sleep (eye & muscle mvmt, respiration, EEG patterns) to diagnose sleep disorders

Front 101

lumbar puncture (LP)

Back 101

introduction of a specialized needle into spine in lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes (to obtain CSF for testing), aka spinal tap

Front 102

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 102

nonionizing imaging technique using magnetic fields and rf waves to visualize anatomic structures ie tissues of brain and spinal cord

Front 103

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

Back 103

MRI of bld vessels to detect pathologicol cond such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis

Front 104

intracranial MRA

Back 104

MRI of head to visulize vessels of circle of Willis (common site of cerebral aneurysm, stenosis, or occlusion)

Front 105

extracranial MRA

Back 105

MRI of neck to visualize carotid artery

Front 106

nuclear medicine imaging

Back 106

radio nuclide organ imaging

Front 107

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain scan

Back 107

scan combining nuclear med and CT to produce images of brain after admin of radioactive isotopes

Front 108

positron-emission tomography (PET)

Back 108

nuclear med and CT to produce images of brain anatomy and physioogy. Used to study stroke, Alzheimer's, epilepsy, metabolic brain disorders, chem of nerve transmissions in brain, etc. more accurate than SPECT, but not as popular b/c more expensive and limited avilability of radioisotopes

Front 109

radiography

Back 109

x-ray imaging

Front 110

cerebral angiogram

Back 110

x-ray of bld vessels in brain after intracarotid injection of contrast medium

Front 111

CT of the head

Back 111

CT (xray) images of head used to visualize abnormalities such as brain tumors and malformations

Front 112

myelogram

Back 112

xray of spinal cord obtained after intraspinal injection of contrast medium

Front 113

reflex testing

Back 113

test performed to observe body's response to stimulus

Front 114

deep tendon reflexes (DTR)

Back 114

involuntary muscle contraction after percussion at a tendon (patella or Archilles) indicating func, postive findings are either no reflex response or an exaggerated response to stimulus; #'s often used to record responses (0= no response, 1= diminished response, 2=normal response 3=more brisk than average response 4= hyperactive response)

Front 115

Babinski sign/reflex

Back 115

pathologic response to stim of plantar surface of foot. + sign when toes dorsiflex (curl upward)

Front 116

transcranial Doppler sonogram

Back 116

image made by sending ultrasound beams through skull to assess bld flow in intracranial vessels; used in diagnosis and mgmt of stroke and head trauma

Front 117

carotid endarterectomy

Back 117

incision/coring of lining of carotid artery to clear blockage caused by buildup of atherosclerotic plaque or a clot. Open procedure used to tx patients who are at risk for stroke

Front 118

craniectomy

Back 118

excision of part of skull to approach brain

Front 119

craniotomy

Back 119

incision into skull to approach brain

Front 120

diskectomy/ discectomy

Back 120

removal of herniated disk; often done percutaneously

Front 121

endovascular neurosurgery/ interventional neuroradiology

Back 121

minimally invasive tech for dx and tx of disorders w/in bld vessels of neck, brain, spinal cord using specialized catheters inserted percutaneously (through skin) into femoral artery (in groin) and guided by angiographic imaging to txment site. Performed in specialized angiographic lab by interventional neuroradiologists. common procedures incl 1) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) w/ stent (eg carotid PTA) 2) embolization (plugging) of intracranial aneurysms and vascular malformations

Front 122

laminectomy

Back 122

excision of one or more laminae of vertabrae to approach spinal cord

Front 123

vertebral lamina

Back 123

flattened posterior portion of vertebral arch

Front 124

microsurgery

Back 124

use of microscope to dissect minute structures during surgery

Front 125

neuroplasty

Back 125

surgical repair of nerve

Front 126

spondylosyndesis

Back 126

spinal fusion

Front 127

myastenia gravis

Back 127

autoimmune disorder that affects neuromuscular junction, causing progressive decrease in muscle strength; activity resumes and strength returns after period of rest

Front 128

myelitis

Back 128

inflammation of spinal cord

Front 129

narcolepsy

Back 129

sleep disorder characterized by sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intruding while awake (hypnagogic hallucinations)

Front 130

neural tube defects

Back 130

congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete devl of neural tube (embryonic structure that forms the nervous system)

Front 131

anencephaly

Back 131

defect in closure of cephalic portion of neural tube that results in incomplete devl of brain and bones of skull; most drastic neural tube defect that usually results in stillbirth

Front 132

spinal bifida

Back 132

defect in devl of spinal column characterized by absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching of meninges (meningocele) or of the meninges and spinal cord (meningomyelocele); considered to be most common neural tube defect

Front 133

Parkinson disease

Back 133

cond of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem (substantia nigra) resulting in a dec of dopamine (chem NT necessary for proper mvmt); characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow mvmt (bradykinesia); usually occurs later in life

Front 134

plegia

Back 134

paralysis

Front 135

hemiplegia

Back 135

paralysis of one side of body

Front 136

paraplegia

Back 136

paralysis from waist down

Front 137

quadriplegia

Back 137

paralysis of all 4 limbs

Front 138

poliomyelitis

Back 138

inflammation of grey matter of spinal cord caused by virus, often resulting I nspinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Front 139

polyneurtitis

Back 139

inflammation involving 2 or more nerves caused by nutritional deficiency such as lack of thiamine

Front 140

sleep apnea

Back 140

periods of breathing cessation (10s or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

Front 141

Common therapeutic Drug Classifications

Front 142

psychotropic drugs

Back 142

medications used to treat mental illnesses (trop/o=a turning)

Front 143

antianxiety agents/anxiolytic agents

Back 143

drugs used to reduce anxiety

Front 144

antidepressant

Back 144

agent that couteracts depression

Front 145

neuroleptic agents

Back 145

drugs used to treat psychosis, especially schizophrenia

Front 146

sedative

Back 146

agent that has a calming effect and quiets nervousness

Front 147

Psychiatric therapeutic terms

Front 148

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Back 148

electrical shock applied to the brain to induce convulsions; used to treat patients with severe depression

Front 149

light therapy

Back 149

use of specialize illuminating light boxes and visors to treat seasonal affective disorder

Front 150

psychotherapy

Back 150

treatment of psychiatric disorders using verbal and nonverbal interaction with patients, individually or in a group, employing specific actions and techniques

Front 151

behavioral therapy

Back 151

treatment to decrease or stop unwanted behavior

Front 152

cognitive therapy

Back 152

treatment to change unwanted patterns of thinking

Front 153

Major depression, major depressive illness, clinical depression, major affective disorder, unipolar disorder

Back 153

a disorder causing periodic disturbances in mood that affect concentration, sleep, activity, appetite, and social behavior, characterized by feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and loss of interest

Front 154

dysthymia

Back 154

a milder affective disorder characterized by chronic depression

Front 155

manic depression, bipolar depresson (BD)

Back 155

an affective disorder characterized by mood swings of mania and depression (extreme up and down states)

Front 156

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Back 156

an affective disorder marked by episodes of depression that most often occur during the fall and winter and that remit in the spring

Front 157

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Back 157

the most common anxiety disorder; characterized by chronic, excessive, uncontrollable worry about everyday problems; affects the ability to relax or concentrate, but does not usually interfere with social interactions or employment; physical symptoms include muscle tension, trembling, twitching, fatigue, headaches, nausea, and inomnia

Front 158

panic disorder

Back 158

a disorder of sudden; recurrent attacks of intense feelings, including physical symptoms that mimic a heart attack (rapid heart rate,chest pain, shortness of breath, chills, sweating, and dizziness) with a general sense of loss of control or feeling that death death is imminent; often progresses to agoraphobia

Front 159

phobia

Back 159

exaggerated fear of a specific object or circumstance that causes anxiety and panic; named for the object or circumstance, such as agoraphobia (fear of the marketplace), claustrophobia fear of confinement), and acrophobia (fear of high places)

Front 160

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Back 160

a condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience, injury, or illness that leaves the sufferer with persistent throughts and memories of the ordeal; may occur after a war, violent personal assault, physical or sexual abuse, serious accident, or natural disaster, symptoms include feelings offear, detachment, exggerated startle response, restlessness, naightmares, and avidance of anything or anyone who triggers the painful recollections

Front 161

obsessive-compulisve disorder (OCD)

Back 161

an anxiety disorder featuring unwanted, senseless obsessions accompanied by repeated compulsions; can interfere with all aspects of a perons's daily life; for example, the thought that a dorr is not locked causing repetitive checking to a make sure it is locked, or thoughts that one's body has been contaminated causing repetitive washing

Front 162

hypochondriasis

Back 162

a preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffeing from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance to the contrary

Front 163

Disorders usually diagnosed in childhood

Front 164

autism

Back 164

a developmental disability, commonly appearing during the first three years of life, resulting from a neurologic disorder affecting brain function, as evidenced by difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication and an inability to relate to anything beyond oneself (auto=self) in social interactions; person with autism often exhibit body movements such as rocking and repetitive hand movements; persons commonly become preoccupied with observing parts of small objects or moving parts or with performing meaningless rituals

Front 165

dyslexia

Back 165

a developmental disability characterized by difficulty understanding written or spoken words, sentences, or paragraphs that affects reading, spelling, and self-expression

Front 166

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Back 166

a dysfunction characterized by consistent hyperactivity distractibility, and lack of control over impulses, which interferes with ability to function normally at school, home, or work

Front 167

Mental retardation

Back 167

a condition of subaverage intelligence characterized by an IQ of 70 or less, resulting in the inability to adapt to normal social activities

Front 168

anorexia nervosa

Back 168

a severe disturbance in eating behavior caused by abnormal perceptions about one's body weight, as evidenced by an overwhelming fear of becoming fat that results in a refusal to eat and body weight well below normal

Front 169

bulimia nervosa

Back 169

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by efforts to limit digestion though induced vomiting, use of laxatives, or exessive exercise

Front 170

Substance abuse disorders

Front 171

substance abuse disorders

Back 171

mental disorders resulting from abuse of substances such as drugs, alcohol, or other toxins, causing personal and social dysfunction; identifed by the abused substance, such as alcohol abuse, amphetamine abuse, opioid (narcotic) abuse, and polysubstance abuse

Front 172

schizophrenia

Back 172

a disease of brain chemistry causing a distorted cognitive and emotional perception of one's environment; symptoms include distortions of normal function (such as disorganized thought, delusions, hallucinations, and catatonic behavior), flat affect, apathy, and withdrawal from reality

Front 173

Psychiatric Symptoatic Terms

Front 174

affect

Back 174

emotional feeling or mood

Front 175

flat affect

Back 175

significantly dulled emotional tone or outward reaction

Front 176

apathy

Back 176

a lack of interest or display of emotion

Front 177

catatonia

Back 177

a state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment, usually including including muscle rigidity, starting, and inability to communicate

Front 178

delusion

Back 178

a persistent belief that has no basis in reality

Front 179

grandiose delusion

Back 179

a person's false blief that he or she possesses gret wealth, intelligence, or power

Front 180

persecutory delusion

Back 180

a person's false belief that someone is plotting against him or her with the intent to harm

Front 181

dysphria

Back 181

a restless, dissatisfied mood

Front 182

euphoria

Back 182

an exagerated, unfounded feeling of well-being

Front 183

hallucination

Back 183

a false perception of the senses for which there is no reality; most commonly hearing or seeing things alucinor=to wander in mind)

Front 184

ideation

Back 184

the formation of thoughts or ideas, such as suicidal ideation (thoughts of suicide)

Front 185

mania

Back 185

state of abnormal elation and increased activity

Front 186

neurosis

Back 186

a psychologic condition in which anxiety is prominent

Front 187

psychosis

Back 187

a mental condition characterized by distortion of realiaty resulting in the inability to communicate or function within one's environment

Front 188

thought disorder

Back 188

thought that lacks clear processing or logical direction

Front 189

chemotherapy

Back 189

treatment of malignancies infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

Front 190

radiation therapy

Back 190

treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation to impede the proliferation of malignant cells

Front 191

stereotactic or steretaxic radiosurgery

Back 191

radiation treatment to inactivate malignant

Front 192

stereotactic or steretaxic frame

Back 192

mechanical device used to localize a point in space, targeting a precise site

Front 193

analgesic

Back 193

agent that relieves pain

Front 194

anticonvulsant

Back 194

agent that prevents or lessen convulsion

Front 195

hypnotic

Back 195

agent that induces sleep

Front 196

nervous system diagnostic terms

Front 197

epilepsy

Back 197

disorder affecting the central nervous system; characterized by recurrent seizures

Front 198

tonic-clonic seizure

Back 198

stiffening-jerking; a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups; previousl ytermed grand mal (bi bad)

Front 199

absence seizure

Back 199

seizure involving a brief loss of consciousness without motor involvement; previously termed petit mal (little bad) seizure

Front 200

partial seizure

Back 200

seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

Front 201

glioma

Back 201

tumor of glial cells graded according to degree of malignancy

Front 202

herniated disk or disc

Back 202

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that that nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

Front 203

herpes zoster

Back 203

viral disease affecting the periperal nerves, characterized by painfl blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles

Front 204

hutington chorea/huntington disease (HD)

Back 204

hereditary disease of the central nervous system characterized by bizarre, invluntary body movements and progressive dementia (choros-dance)

Front 205

hydrocephalus

Back 205

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor

Front 206

meningioma

Back 206

beign tumor of the coverings of the brain (the meninges)

Front 207

meningitis

Back 207

inflammation of the meninges

Front 208

migraine headache

Back 208

paroxysmal 9sudden, periodic) attacks of mostly unilateral headache, often accompanied by disordered vision, nausea, or vomiting, lasting hours or dats and caused by dilation of arteries

Front 209

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Back 209

disease of the central nervous system characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission)