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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cells are
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the basic structural and functional unit of the body
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cytology
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study of the A, P, pathology and chemistry of a cell
cyt = cell |
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cell membrane
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surrounding tissue that protects cell contents by separation from external environment
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cytoplasm
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material within cell, no nucleus
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nucleus
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structure w/i cell, surrounded by membrane w/ two functions: 1) helps cell divide, 2) controls activities of the cell
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stem cells
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unspecialized cells, able to renew themselves for a long period of time by cell division. Under certain conditions, stem cells can be transformed into specialized cells.
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adult stem cells (aka somatic stem cells)
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undifferentiated cells (not having specialized structure or function) found among differentiated (having specialized structure or function) cells
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embryonic stem cells
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undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cells - can grow rapidly, don't have to have an exact match, embryonic stem cells come from cord blood
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gene
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a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity - control hereditary disorders and physical traits
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genetics
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the study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children
gene = producing, -tics = pertaining to |
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dominant gene
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If dominant gene is inherited from either parent, offspring will have that condition, ie freckles
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recessive gene
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if a recessive gene is inherited from both parents, the offspring will have that condition.
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genome
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a complete set of genetic info of an individual,
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chromosomes
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the genetic structures located w/i the nucleus of each cell(made up of DNA molecules)
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somatic cell
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cells containing 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs - 22 are identical plus XY or XX
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sex cell (sperm or ova)
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gamete only has 23 chromosmes - not paired up
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DNA
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deoxyribonuceic acid
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DNA is packaged
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into a chromosome as two spiraling strands that twist together to form a double helix
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DNA is found
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in all cell nucleus except red blood cells that don't have a nucleus
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genetic mutation
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a change in the sequence of the DNA molecule
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somatic cell mutation
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change w/i the cells of the body, affect individual but not offspring
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gametic cell mutation
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a change w/i the sex cell that CAN be transmitted to offspring
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ganetic enginering
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the manipulating/splicing of genes for scientific/medical purposes. ie insulin
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genetic disorders (hereditary disorder)
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pathological condition caused by defective gene
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(CF) Cystic Fibrosis
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a genetic disorder, present at birth, affects respiratory and digestive systems
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(DS) Downs Syndrome
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genetic variation, characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities and physical abnormalities s/a heart valve disease.
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Hemophilia
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genetic disorder, a blood clotting factor is missing, spontaneous hemmorhages
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(HD) Huntington's disease
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genetic disease, in midlife nerve degeneration - uncontrolled movements and loss of some mental abilities - if parent has it offspring has 50% chance of getting it
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(MD) muscular dystrophy
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group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle control
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(PKU) phenylketonuria
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genetic disorder, missing essential digestive enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE. Without early detection/treatment, and dietary changes, can cause severe mental retardation
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Tay-Sachs disease
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fatal genetic disease. Both parents must have the mutated genet. Harmful quantities of fatty substances build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain. Normal birth and development 3-6 months, deterioration and death proceed age 4-5yrs.
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