• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/31

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
cells are
the basic structural and functional unit of the body
cytology
study of the A, P, pathology and chemistry of a cell
cyt = cell
cell membrane
surrounding tissue that protects cell contents by separation from external environment
cytoplasm
material within cell, no nucleus
nucleus
structure w/i cell, surrounded by membrane w/ two functions: 1) helps cell divide, 2) controls activities of the cell
stem cells
unspecialized cells, able to renew themselves for a long period of time by cell division. Under certain conditions, stem cells can be transformed into specialized cells.
adult stem cells (aka somatic stem cells)
undifferentiated cells (not having specialized structure or function) found among differentiated (having specialized structure or function) cells
embryonic stem cells
undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cells - can grow rapidly, don't have to have an exact match, embryonic stem cells come from cord blood
gene
a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity - control hereditary disorders and physical traits
genetics
the study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children
gene = producing, -tics = pertaining to
dominant gene
If dominant gene is inherited from either parent, offspring will have that condition, ie freckles
recessive gene
if a recessive gene is inherited from both parents, the offspring will have that condition.
genome
a complete set of genetic info of an individual,
chromosomes
the genetic structures located w/i the nucleus of each cell(made up of DNA molecules)
somatic cell
cells containing 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs - 22 are identical plus XY or XX
sex cell (sperm or ova)
gamete only has 23 chromosmes - not paired up
DNA
deoxyribonuceic acid
DNA is packaged
into a chromosome as two spiraling strands that twist together to form a double helix
DNA is found
in all cell nucleus except red blood cells that don't have a nucleus
genetic mutation
a change in the sequence of the DNA molecule
somatic cell mutation
change w/i the cells of the body, affect individual but not offspring
gametic cell mutation
a change w/i the sex cell that CAN be transmitted to offspring
ganetic enginering
the manipulating/splicing of genes for scientific/medical purposes. ie insulin
genetic disorders (hereditary disorder)
pathological condition caused by defective gene
(CF) Cystic Fibrosis
a genetic disorder, present at birth, affects respiratory and digestive systems
(DS) Downs Syndrome
genetic variation, characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities and physical abnormalities s/a heart valve disease.
Hemophilia
genetic disorder, a blood clotting factor is missing, spontaneous hemmorhages
(HD) Huntington's disease
genetic disease, in midlife nerve degeneration - uncontrolled movements and loss of some mental abilities - if parent has it offspring has 50% chance of getting it
(MD) muscular dystrophy
group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle control
(PKU) phenylketonuria
genetic disorder, missing essential digestive enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE. Without early detection/treatment, and dietary changes, can cause severe mental retardation
Tay-Sachs disease
fatal genetic disease. Both parents must have the mutated genet. Harmful quantities of fatty substances build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain. Normal birth and development 3-6 months, deterioration and death proceed age 4-5yrs.