Med. Terms: Blood System

Front 1

Vocabulary:

Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

Back 1

Vocabulary:

albumin

Front 2

Vocabulary:

Protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens.

Back 2

Vocabulary:

antibody (Ab)

Front 3

Vocabulary:

Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

Back 3

Vocabulary:

antigen

Front 4

Vocabulary:

White blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin

Back 4

Vocabulary:

basophil

Front 5

Vocabulary:

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die

Back 5

Vocabulary:

bilirubin

Front 6

Vocabulary:

Blood clotting

Back 6

Vocabulary:

coagulation

Front 7

Vocabulary:

Protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes)

Back 7

Vocabulary:

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Front 8

Vocabulary:

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

Back 8

Vocabulary:

differentiation

Front 9

Vocabulary:

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

Back 9

Vocabulary:

electrophoresis

Front 10

Vocabulary:

White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

Back 10

Vocabulary:

eosinophil

Front 11

Vocabulary:

Red blood cell. There are about 5 million per microliter or cubic millimeter of blood

Back 11

Vocabulary:

erythrocyte

Front 12

Vocabulary:

Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

Back 12

Vocabulary:

erythropoietin (EPO)

Front 13

Vocabulary:

Protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot

Back 13

Vocabulary:

fibrin

Front 14

Vocabulary:

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Back 14

Vocabulary:

fibrinogen

Front 15

Vocabulary:

Plasma protein; (ex. - alpha, beta, and gamma)

Back 15

Vocabulary:

globulin

Front 16

Vocabulary:

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules: eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

Back 16

Vocabulary:

granulocyte

Front 17

Vocabulary:

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

Back 17

Vocabulary:

hemoglobin

Front 18

Vocabulary:

Destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)

Back 18

Vocabulary:

hemolysis

Front 19

Vocabulary:

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Back 19

Vocabulary:

heparin

Front 20

Vocabulary:

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

Back 20

Vocabulary:

immune reaction

Front 21

Vocabulary:

Protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.

Back 21

Vocabulary:

immunoglobulin

Front 22

Vocabulary:

White blood cell.

Back 22

Vocabulary:

leukocyte

Front 23

Vocabulary:

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

Back 23

Vocabulary:

lymphocyte

Front 24

Vocabulary:

Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris.

Back 24

Vocabulary:

macrophage

Front 25

Vocabulary:

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

Back 25

Vocabulary:

megakaryocyte

Front 26

Vocabulary:

Leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a phagocyte which becomes a macrophage when it leaves the blood and enters body tissues.

Back 26

Vocabulary:

monocyte

Front 27

Vocabulary:

Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are examples

Back 27

Vocabulary:

mononuclear

Front 28

Vocabulary:

Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte.

Back 28

Vocabulary:

neutrophil

Front 29

Vocabulary:

Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins

Back 29

Vocabulary:

plasma

Front 30

Vocabulary:

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma

Back 30

Vocabulary:

plasmapheresis

Front 31

Vocabulary:

Small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

Back 31

Vocabulary:

platelet

Front 32

Vocabulary:

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Back 32

Vocabulary:

prothrombin

Front 33

Vocabulary:

Immature erythrocyte. A network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes.

Back 33

Vocabulary:

reticulocyte

Front 34

Vocabulary:

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (RH+) individuals. First identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey.

Back 34

Vocabulary:

Rh factor

Front 35

Vocabulary:

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors.

Back 35

Vocabulary:

serum

Front 36

Vocabulary:

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms.

Back 36

Vocabulary:

stem cell
(hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells)

Front 37

Vocabulary:

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Back 37

Vocabulary:

thrombin

Front 38

Vocabulary:

Platelet

Back 38

Vocabulary:

thrombocyte

Front 39

Combining Form:

bas/o

Back 39

Combining Form:

base (alkaline, the opposite of acid)

Front 40

Combining Form:

chrom/o

Back 40

Combining Form:

color

Front 41

Combining Form:

coagul/o

Back 41

Combining Form:

clotting

Front 42

Combining Form:

cyt/o

Back 42

Combining Form:

cell

Front 43

Combining Form:

eosin/o

Back 43

Combining Form:

rosy, red, dawn

Front 44

Combining Form:

erythr/o

Back 44

Combining Form:

red

Front 45

Combining Form:

granul/o

Back 45

Combining Form:

granules

Front 46

Combining Form:

hem/o, hemat/o

Back 46

Combining Form:

blood

Front 47

Combining Form:

hemoglobin/o

Back 47

Combining Form:

hemoglobin

Front 48

Combining Form:

is/o

Back 48

Combining Form:

same, equal

Front 49

Combining Form:

kary/o

Back 49

Combining Form:

nucleus

Front 50

Combining Form:

leuk/o

Back 50

Combining Form:

white

Front 51

Combining Form:

mon/o

Back 51

Combining Form:

one, single

Front 52

Combining Form:

morph/o

Back 52

Combining Form:

shape, form

Front 53

Combining Form:

myel/o

Back 53

Combining Form:

bone marrow

Front 54

Combining Form:

neutr/o

Back 54

Combining Form:

neutral (neither acid nor base)

Front 55

Combining Form:

nucle/o

Back 55

Combining Form:

nucleus

Front 56

Combining Form:

phag/o

Back 56

Combining Form:

eat, swallow

Front 57

Combining Form:

poikil/o

Back 57

Combining Form:

varied, irregular

Front 58

Combining Form:

sider/o

Back 58

Combining Form:

iron

Front 59

Combining Form:

spher/o

Back 59

Combining Form:

globe, round

Front 60

Combining Form:

thromb/o

Back 60

Combining Form:

clot

Front 61

Suffixes

-apheresis

Back 61

Suffixes

removal, a carrying away

Front 62

Suffixes

-blast

Back 62

Suffixes

immature cell, embryonic

Front 63

Suffixes

-cytosis

Back 63

Suffixes

abnormal condition of cells (increase in cells)

Front 64

Suffixes

-emia

Back 64

Suffixes

condition of the blood

Front 65

Suffixes

-globin

Back 65

Suffixes

protein

Front 66

Suffixes

-lytic

Back 66

Suffixes

pertaining to destruction

Front 67

Suffixes

-oid

Back 67

Suffixes

derived from

Front 68

Suffixes

-osis

Back 68

Suffixes

condition (abnormal)

Front 69

Suffixes

-penia

Back 69

Suffixes

deficiency

Front 70

Suffixes

-phage

Back 70

Suffixes

eat, swallow

Front 71

Suffixes:

-philia

Back 71

Suffixes:

attraction for (an increase in cell numbers)

Front 72

Suffixes:

-phoresis

Back 72

Suffixes:

carrying, transmission

Front 73

Suffixes:

-poiesis

Back 73

Suffixes:

formation

Front 74

Suffixes:

-stasis

Back 74

Suffixes:

stop, control

Front 75

Pathology:

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Back 75

Pathology:

anemia

Front 76

Pathology:

Failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

Back 76

Pathology:

aplastic anemia

Front 77

Pathology:

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Back 77

Pathology:

hemolytic anemia

Front 78

Pathology:

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B₁₂ into the body

Back 78

Pathology:

pernicious anemia

Front 79

Pathology:

Hereditary condition characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis

Back 79

Pathology:

sickle cell anemia

Front 80

Pathology:

Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background

Back 80

Pathology:

thalassemia

Front 81

Pathology:

Excess iron deposits throughout the body. Hepatomegaly, skin pigmentation, diabetes, and cardiac failure may occur.

Back 81

Pathology:

hemochromatosis

Front 82

Pathology:

General increase in red blood cells (erythremia). Blood consistency is viscous, bone marrow is hyperplastic. Treatment consists of reduction of red cell volume by phlebotomy and suppression of production with myelotoxic drugs.

Back 82

Pathology:

polycythemia vera

Front 83

Pathology:

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of blood clotting factors (factor VIII or IX) necessary for blood clotting

Back 83

Pathology:

hemophilia

Front 84

Pathology:

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Back 84

Pathology:

purpura

Front 85

Pathology:

Increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes). Four types AML, ALL, CML, CLL.

Back 85

Pathology:

leukemia
*Acute myelogenous leukemia
*Acute lymphocytic leukemia
*chronic myelogenous leukemia
*chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Front 86

Pathology:

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood.

Back 86

Pathology:

granulocytosis

Front 87

Pathology:

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Back 87

Pathology:

mononucleosis

Front 88

Pathology:

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow.

Back 88

Pathology:

multiple myeloma

Front 89

Lab Tests:

Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

Back 89

Lab Tests:

antiglobulin test

Front 90

Lab Tests:

Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

Back 90

Lab Tests:

bleeding time

Front 91

Lab Tests:

Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

Back 91

Lab Tests:

coagulation time

Front 92

Lab Tests:

Determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values

Back 92

Lab Tests:

complete blood count (CBC)

Front 93

Lab Tests:

Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

Back 93

Lab Tests:

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Front 94

Lab Tests:

Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Back 94

Lab Tests:

hematocrit (Hct)

Front 95

Lab Tests:

Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

Back 95

Lab Tests:

hemoglobin test
(H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)

Front 96

Lab Tests:

Number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Back 96

Lab Tests:

platelet count

Front 97

Lab Tests:

Test of the ability of blood to clot

Back 97

Lab Tests:

prothrombin time (PT)

Front 98

Lab Tests:

Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Back 98

Lab Tests:

red blood cell count (RBC)

Front 99

Lab Tests:

Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

Back 99

Lab Tests:

red blood cell morphology

Front 100

Lab Tests:

Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Back 100

Lab Tests:

white blood cell count (WBC)

Front 101

Lab Tests:

Percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood

Back 101

Lab Tests:

white blood cell differential

Front 102

Clinical Procedures:

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from the blood

Back 102

Clinical Procedures:

apheresis

Front 103

Clinical Procedures:

Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

Back 103

Clinical Procedures:

blood transfusion

Front 104

Clinical Procedures:

Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

Back 104

Clinical Procedures:

bone marrow biopsy

Front 105

Clinical Procedures:

Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient

Back 105

Clinical Procedures:

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation