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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
achalasia |
disorder caused by lack of coordinated movement of esophageal muscles and by the failure of the sphincter muscle at the lower end of the esophagus to relax |
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achlorhydria |
absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice |
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adhesion |
union of two surfaces normally separate; also any fibrous gland that connects them |
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alimentary canal |
another name for digestive tract |
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anastomosis |
surgical formation of a connection between twoparts |
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anorexia |
loss of appetite |
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antrum |
part of the stomach which lies between the body of the stomach and the pylorus |
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aphagia |
loss of ability to swallow |
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ascites
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accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity |
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bolus |
food broken down into small pieces and mixed with saliva to form a pasty, chewed lump |
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borborygmus |
audible abdominal sounds produced with hyperactive intestinal peristalsis |
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cardia |
sphincter between the esophagus and stomach |
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cholangiography |
x-ray examination of the bile ducts |
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chyme |
liquid like material of partially digested food and digestivesecretions found in the stomach |
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colectomy |
excision of the colon |
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colonoscopy |
endoscopic examination of thecolon |
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colostomy |
surgical creation of an openingbetween the colon and body surface |
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cholecystitis |
inflammation of the gall bladder |
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cholecystectomy |
excision of the gallbladder |
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cholelithiasis |
gallstone formation in thegallbladder or bile ducts |
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cirrhosis |
scarring of the liver associated with a destruction of liver cells |
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Crohn's disease |
one of two types of inflammatory bowel disease; chronic disorder whichcan occur anywhere along the GI tract but most common in theileum; characterized by ulcers, fistulas, and fibrotic areas of bowel |
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deciduous teeth |
first set of primary teeth: baby teeth |
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dyspepsia |
indigestion
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dysphagia |
difficulty in swallowing
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emaciation |
extremely underweight
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emesis |
vomiting
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endocrine |
ductless gland that secretes into the bloodstream |
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enteropathy |
a disease of the intestine |
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epigastric |
above the stomach |
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eructation |
belching |
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esophageal stricture |
abnormal narrowing of the esophagus |
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exocrine |
ducted gland that secretes into various organs |
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fissure |
split in the epithelial surface of the anal canal |
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fistula |
abnormal passage between two internal organs, or leading to the body surface |
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flatus; flatulence |
air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum |
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frenulum |
strip of tissue joining the undersurface of thetongue to the floor of the mouth |
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fundus |
upper portion of the stomach which normally only contains air |
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gastrectomy |
excision of all or part of the stomach |
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gastritis |
inflammation of the stomach |
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gastroenteritis |
stomach and intestinalinflammation marked by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,low-grade fever, abdominal cramps, and muscle pains |
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gastroesophageal reflux |
back flow of stomach contents into the esophagus |
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gastroscopy |
inspection of the stomach's interior with a gastoscope |
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gastrostomy |
surgical placement of a tube into the stomach |
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gavage |
feeding through a tube passed into the stomach |
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gingiva |
gums |
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glossitis |
inflammation of the tongue |
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hepatitis |
inflammation of the liver |
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hypogastric |
below the stomach |
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icterus |
yellow discoloration of the skin due to elevated bilirubin (jaundice) |
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ileostomy |
surgical passage through theabdominal wall into the ileum for drainageof fecal material |
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ileus |
absence of peristalsis in the intestine causing obstruction |
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irritable bowel syndrome |
abnormally increased and/or decreased motility of the large and small intestine resulting in diarrhea and/or constipation; spastic colon |
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jejunostomy |
creation of an opening between the jejunum and the surface of the abdominal wall |
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laparotomy |
incision through any part of the abdominal wall |
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lavage |
washing out an organ, for example the stomach or bowel |
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lingual |
tongue |
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lithotripsy |
ultrasound crushing of calculi in the gallbladder or kidney |
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mastication |
chewing of food in mouth |
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melena |
passage of dark-colored , tarry stools, due tothe presence of blood altered by the intestinal juices |
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mesentery |
membrane covering most of the small intestine |
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meconium |
first elimination of the newborn; consists ofmucus, bile, and tissue fromthe intestine |
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megacolon |
enlarged colon |
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palate |
structure that forms the roof of the mouth |
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parotid glands |
large glands at the angle of the jaw whichproduce saliva |
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peritoneum |
membrane that lines theabdominal cavity |
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peritonitis |
inflammation of the peritoneum |
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polyp |
mass of tissue or projection from the surface ofthe intestine |
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proctoscopy |
inspection of the sigmoid and rectum with aproctoscope |
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pylorus |
sphincter where food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine |
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reflux |
backward flow of stomach contents |
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reflux esophagitis |
inflammation of the esophagus caused by backwardflow of stomachacid into the esophagus |
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splenectomy |
removal of the spleen |
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steatorrhea |
greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces |
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ulcerative colitis |
one of the two types of inflammatory boweldisease characterized byulceration of the colonic mucosa |
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vagotomy |
surgical transection of the vagus nerve; frequently done to decrease acidsecretion of the stomach |
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viscera |
a large interior organ in a body cavity,especially the abdomen |