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77 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

achalasia

disorder caused by lack of coordinated movement of esophageal muscles and by the failure of the sphincter muscle at the lower end of the esophagus to relax

achlorhydria

absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice

adhesion

union of two surfaces normally separate; also any fibrous gland that connects them

alimentary canal

another name for digestive tract

anastomosis

surgical formation of a connection between twoparts

anorexia

loss of appetite

antrum

part of the stomach which lies between the body of the stomach and the pylorus

aphagia

loss of ability to swallow

ascites

accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

bolus

food broken down into small pieces and mixed with saliva to form a pasty, chewed lump

borborygmus

audible abdominal sounds produced with hyperactive intestinal peristalsis

cardia

sphincter between the esophagus and stomach

cholangiography

x-ray examination of the bile ducts

chyme

liquid like material of partially digested food and digestivesecretions found in the stomach

colectomy

excision of the colon

colonoscopy

endoscopic examination of thecolon

colostomy

surgical creation of an openingbetween the colon and body surface

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gall bladder

cholecystectomy

excision of the gallbladder

cholelithiasis

gallstone formation in thegallbladder or bile ducts

cirrhosis

scarring of the liver associated with a destruction of liver cells

Crohn's disease

one of two types of inflammatory bowel disease; chronic disorder whichcan occur anywhere along the GI tract but most common in theileum; characterized by ulcers, fistulas, and fibrotic areas of bowel

deciduous teeth

first set of primary teeth: baby teeth

dyspepsia

indigestion

dysphagia

difficulty in swallowing

emaciation

extremely underweight

emesis

vomiting

endocrine

ductless gland that secretes into the bloodstream

enteropathy

a disease of the intestine

epigastric

above the stomach

eructation

belching

esophageal stricture

abnormal narrowing of the esophagus

exocrine

ducted gland that secretes into various organs

fissure

split in the epithelial surface of the anal canal

fistula

abnormal passage between two internal organs, or leading to the body surface

flatus; flatulence

air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum

frenulum

strip of tissue joining the undersurface of thetongue to the floor of the mouth

fundus

upper portion of the stomach which normally only contains air

gastrectomy

excision of all or part of the stomach

gastritis

inflammation of the stomach

gastroenteritis

stomach and intestinalinflammation marked by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,low-grade fever, abdominal cramps, and muscle pains

gastroesophageal reflux

back flow of stomach contents into the esophagus

gastroscopy

inspection of the stomach's interior with a gastoscope

gastrostomy

surgical placement of a tube into the stomach

gavage

feeding through a tube passed into the stomach

gingiva

gums

glossitis

inflammation of the tongue

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

hypogastric

below the stomach

icterus

yellow discoloration of the skin due to elevated bilirubin (jaundice)

ileostomy

surgical passage through theabdominal wall into the ileum for drainageof fecal material

ileus

absence of peristalsis in the intestine causing obstruction

irritable bowel syndrome

abnormally increased and/or decreased motility of the large and small intestine resulting in diarrhea and/or constipation; spastic colon

jejunostomy

creation of an opening between the jejunum and the surface of the abdominal wall

laparotomy

incision through any part of the abdominal wall

lavage

washing out an organ, for example the stomach or bowel

lingual

tongue

lithotripsy

ultrasound crushing of calculi in the gallbladder or kidney

mastication

chewing of food in mouth

melena

passage of dark-colored , tarry stools, due tothe presence of blood altered by the intestinal juices

mesentery

membrane covering most of the small intestine

meconium

first elimination of the newborn; consists ofmucus, bile, and tissue fromthe intestine

megacolon

enlarged colon

palate

structure that forms the roof of the mouth

parotid glands

large glands at the angle of the jaw whichproduce saliva

peritoneum

membrane that lines theabdominal cavity

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum

polyp

mass of tissue or projection from the surface ofthe intestine

proctoscopy

inspection of the sigmoid and rectum with aproctoscope

pylorus

sphincter where food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

reflux

backward flow of stomach contents

reflux esophagitis

inflammation of the esophagus caused by backwardflow of stomachacid into the esophagus

splenectomy

removal of the spleen

steatorrhea

greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces

ulcerative colitis

one of the two types of inflammatory boweldisease characterized byulceration of the colonic mucosa

vagotomy

surgical transection of the vagus nerve; frequently done to decrease acidsecretion of the stomach

viscera

a large interior organ in a body cavity,especially the abdomen