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146 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
ACE inhibitor
drug that causes dilation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure
acute coronary syndrome
consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries (heart attack)
aneurysm
local widening or ballooning out of a small area of an artery
angina
chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia
angiogram
xray record of a blood vessel
angiography
xray image of blood vessels
angioplasty
surgical repair of blood vessels
anoxia
lack of oxygen in the body tissues
aorta
largest artery in the body
aortic stenosis
narrowing of the aorta
arrhythmia
irregular heart beat
arterial anastomosis
surgical connection between two arteries
arteriography
xray recording of arteries
arteriosclerosis
hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque
artery
largest type of blood vessel
atherectomy
removal of plaque that accumulates in the lining of an artery
atheroma
mass of fatty plaque that collects in an artery
atherosclerosis
fatty plaque deposits in the interior lining of an artery
Atrial
pertaining to an atrium
atrial fibrillation
electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver
atrioventricular block
failure of conduction of impulses from the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle and ventricles of the heart
atrioventricular bundle
specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting impulses between them
atrioventricular node
specialized tissue in the wall between the atria
atrium (atria)
upper chamber of the heart
auscultation
use of a stethoscope to listen for sounds emanating from the heart or other organs
beta-blocker
drug used to treat high blood pressure and control heart rate
brachial artery
carries blood to the arm
bradycardia
slow heartbeat
bruit
abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or organ
bundle of His
atrioventricular bundle
calcium channel blocker
drug used to treat chest pain and high blood pressure
capillary
smallest blood vessel
carbon dioxide
gas released by body cells and carried by veins to the heart and then to the lungs for exhalation
cardiac arrest
sudden, unexpected stoppage of the heart
cardiac catheterization
thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery and after contrast material is introduced, blood pressure is measured and xrays taken to image blood flow
cardiac MRI
images of the heart are produced with magnetic waves
cardiac tramponade
pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle
cardioversion
treatment for serious arrhythmias using brief discharges of electricity to shock the heart
claudication
pain, tension, an weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest
coarctation of the aorta
congenital anormaly in which a portion of the aorta near the heart is narrowed or stenosed
computerized tomography angiography
xray images of three-dimensional pictures of the heart and blood vessels
congenital heart disease
structural heart defects that appear at birth
congestive heart failure
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
coronary arteries
branches of the aorta bringing oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
coronary artery bypass grafting
arteries or veins are grafted onto coronary arteries to bypass blocked arteries and bring needed blood supply to the myocardium
coronary artery disease
arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and blocked with deposits of fatty material and cholesterol
cyanosis
abnormal condition of blueness of the skin
deep-vein thrombosis
blood clots form in a large vein, usually the leg
deoxygenated blood
blood that is oxygen-poor
diastole
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
digital subtraction angiography
video equipment, computer and xray machine produces images of blood vessels before and after injecting contrast
digoxin
drug that increases the strength and regularity of the heartbeat
doppler ultrasound
method of focusing sound waves on blood vessels to measure blood flow
echocardiography
high-energy sound waves are transmitted into the chest and images recorded of valves, chambers, surfaces and movement of the heart
electrocardiogram
record of electricity flowing through the heart
electrocardiography
process of recording the electricity flowing through the heart
electron beam computed tomography
identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease
embolus (emboli)
a clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
endarterectomy
surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
endocarditis
inflammation of the endocardium
endocardium
inner lining of the heart
endothelium
innermost lining of blood vessel
extracorporeal circulation
use of a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during open heart surgery
fibrillation
random, rapid, inefficient and irregular contractions of the atria or ventricles
flutter
rapid, but regular contractions of the heart
heart transplantation
donor heart is transferred to a recipient
hemorrhoids
swollen, twisted veins in the rectal or anal region
holter monitoring
compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
hypercholesterolemia
high levels of cholesterol in the blood
hypertension
high blood pressure
hyproxia
deficiency of oxygen in body tissues
implantable cardioverter defibrillator
small electronic device implanted inside the chest to sense arrhythmias and terminate them to restore normal sinus rhythm
infarction
area of dead tissue
interventricular septum
wall between the ventricles of the heart
ischial
pertaining to the ischium
left ventricular assist device
booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a tube inserted into the left ventricle
lipid tests
measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a sample of blood
lipoprotein electrophoresis
are physically separated in a blood sample
mitral stenosis
narrowing of the mitral valve
mitral valve
valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
mitral valve prolapse
abnormal closure of the mitral valve so that blood refluxes backward
mitral valvulitis
inflammation of the mitral valve
murmur
extra sound heard between normal beats of the heart
myocardial infarction
area of dead tissue in the heart muscle
myocardium
muscular layer of the heart
myxoma
rare neoplasm of connective tissue found in the heart muscle
nitroglycerin
drug used in treatment of more blood flow to heart
normal sinus rhythm
heart rythm origination in the sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
occlusion
blockage or closure of a vessel or tube
pacemaker
specialized nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium, begins the heartbeat
palpitations
uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias
patent ductus arteriousus
small duct that is open during fetal circulation, fails to close at birth
percutaneous coronary intervention
catheter with a balloon and stent is inserted into a coronary artery to remove collection of plaque
pericardial friction rub
scraping or grading sound heard on auscultation of the heart
percardiocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
pericardium
double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
peripheral vascular disease
blockage of blood vessels outside the heart
petechiae
small pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
phlebotomy
incision into a vein
position emission tomography (PET Scan)
images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive substances
pulmonary artery
blood vessel carrying oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart
pulmonary valve
a valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulse
beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
radiofrequency catheter ablation
to treat certain cardiac arhythmias, energy is delivered from the tip of a catheter inserted through a blood vessel in the heart
raynaud disease
recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis in fingers and toes caused by blood vessel spasms
rheumatic heart disease
heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
septal defects
small holes , present at birth , in walls between the heart chambers
septum (septa)
wall or partition
serum enzyme tests
chemicals measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
sinoatrial node
sensitive nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium
sphygmonometer
instrument to measure blood pressure
statins
drugs given to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
stethoscope
instrument for listening to sounds in the chest
stress test
exercise tolerance test (ETT) is used to determine the hearts response to physical exertion
systemic circulation
flow of blood from the body tissues to the heart from the heart back to the tissues
systole
contraction phase of the heartbeat
tachycardia
rapid heartbeat
technetium 99m sestambi scan
uptake of a radioactive chemical in myocardium reveals evidence of a heart attack
telemetry
continuous monitoring of a patient's heart rhythm in a hospital
tetralogy of Fallot
four separate defects of the heart occurring at birth
thallium 201 scan
concentration of a radioactive substance is measured in the myocardium to show evidence of an infection
thrill
fine vibration felt on palpation the body over a blood vessel that is blocked
thromboysis
destruction of a clot
thrombolytic therapy
injection of drugs to dissolve clots in bloodstream
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein and formation of a clot within the vein
thrombotic occlusion
blockage of a blood vessel caused by thrombosis or clot formation
tricuspid valve
located between the right atrium and right ventricle
valve
structure in a vein or in the heart that temporary closes an opening so that blood flows in the proper direction
valvotomy
incision of a valve
valuloplasty
surgical repair of a valve
varicose vein
swollen, twisted veins, often in the legs
vascular
pertaining to the blood vessel
vasoconstriction
narrowing of a blood vessel
vasodilation
widening of the blood vessel
vegetations
collections of clotted material that accumulate on endocardium an valves of the heart in conditions such as endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease
vein
thin-walled blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from body tissues back to the heart
vena cava (venae cavae)
largest vein in the body
venipuncture
incision of a vein to remove blood
venous
pertaining to a vein
ventricle
one of two lower chambers of the heart
venule
small vein