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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ACE inhibitor
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drug that causes dilation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure
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acute coronary syndrome
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consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries (heart attack)
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aneurysm
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local widening or ballooning out of a small area of an artery
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angina
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chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia
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angiogram
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xray record of a blood vessel
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angiography
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xray image of blood vessels
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angioplasty
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surgical repair of blood vessels
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anoxia
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lack of oxygen in the body tissues
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aorta
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largest artery in the body
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aortic stenosis
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narrowing of the aorta
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arrhythmia
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irregular heart beat
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arterial anastomosis
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surgical connection between two arteries
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arteriography
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xray recording of arteries
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arteriosclerosis
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hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque
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artery
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largest type of blood vessel
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atherectomy
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removal of plaque that accumulates in the lining of an artery
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atheroma
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mass of fatty plaque that collects in an artery
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atherosclerosis
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fatty plaque deposits in the interior lining of an artery
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Atrial
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pertaining to an atrium
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atrial fibrillation
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electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver
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atrioventricular block
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failure of conduction of impulses from the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle and ventricles of the heart
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atrioventricular bundle
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specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting impulses between them
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atrioventricular node
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specialized tissue in the wall between the atria
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atrium (atria)
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upper chamber of the heart
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auscultation
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use of a stethoscope to listen for sounds emanating from the heart or other organs
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beta-blocker
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drug used to treat high blood pressure and control heart rate
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brachial artery
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carries blood to the arm
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bradycardia
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slow heartbeat
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bruit
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abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or organ
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bundle of His
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atrioventricular bundle
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calcium channel blocker
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drug used to treat chest pain and high blood pressure
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capillary
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smallest blood vessel
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carbon dioxide
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gas released by body cells and carried by veins to the heart and then to the lungs for exhalation
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cardiac arrest
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sudden, unexpected stoppage of the heart
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cardiac catheterization
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thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery and after contrast material is introduced, blood pressure is measured and xrays taken to image blood flow
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cardiac MRI
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images of the heart are produced with magnetic waves
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cardiac tramponade
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pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
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cardiomegaly
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enlargement of the heart
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cardiomyopathy
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disease of the heart muscle
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cardioversion
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treatment for serious arrhythmias using brief discharges of electricity to shock the heart
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claudication
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pain, tension, an weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest
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coarctation of the aorta
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congenital anormaly in which a portion of the aorta near the heart is narrowed or stenosed
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computerized tomography angiography
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xray images of three-dimensional pictures of the heart and blood vessels
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congenital heart disease
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structural heart defects that appear at birth
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congestive heart failure
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heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
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coronary arteries
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branches of the aorta bringing oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
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coronary artery bypass grafting
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arteries or veins are grafted onto coronary arteries to bypass blocked arteries and bring needed blood supply to the myocardium
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coronary artery disease
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arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and blocked with deposits of fatty material and cholesterol
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cyanosis
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abnormal condition of blueness of the skin
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deep-vein thrombosis
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blood clots form in a large vein, usually the leg
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deoxygenated blood
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blood that is oxygen-poor
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diastole
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relaxation phase of the heartbeat
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digital subtraction angiography
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video equipment, computer and xray machine produces images of blood vessels before and after injecting contrast
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digoxin
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drug that increases the strength and regularity of the heartbeat
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doppler ultrasound
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method of focusing sound waves on blood vessels to measure blood flow
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echocardiography
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high-energy sound waves are transmitted into the chest and images recorded of valves, chambers, surfaces and movement of the heart
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electrocardiogram
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record of electricity flowing through the heart
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electrocardiography
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process of recording the electricity flowing through the heart
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electron beam computed tomography
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identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease
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embolus (emboli)
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a clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
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endarterectomy
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surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
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endocarditis
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inflammation of the endocardium
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endocardium
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inner lining of the heart
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endothelium
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innermost lining of blood vessel
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extracorporeal circulation
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use of a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during open heart surgery
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fibrillation
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random, rapid, inefficient and irregular contractions of the atria or ventricles
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flutter
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rapid, but regular contractions of the heart
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heart transplantation
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donor heart is transferred to a recipient
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hemorrhoids
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swollen, twisted veins in the rectal or anal region
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holter monitoring
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compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
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hypercholesterolemia
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high levels of cholesterol in the blood
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hypertension
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high blood pressure
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hyproxia
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deficiency of oxygen in body tissues
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implantable cardioverter defibrillator
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small electronic device implanted inside the chest to sense arrhythmias and terminate them to restore normal sinus rhythm
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infarction
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area of dead tissue
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interventricular septum
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wall between the ventricles of the heart
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ischial
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pertaining to the ischium
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left ventricular assist device
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booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a tube inserted into the left ventricle
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lipid tests
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measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a sample of blood
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lipoprotein electrophoresis
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are physically separated in a blood sample
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mitral stenosis
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narrowing of the mitral valve
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mitral valve
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valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
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mitral valve prolapse
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abnormal closure of the mitral valve so that blood refluxes backward
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mitral valvulitis
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inflammation of the mitral valve
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murmur
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extra sound heard between normal beats of the heart
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myocardial infarction
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area of dead tissue in the heart muscle
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myocardium
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muscular layer of the heart
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myxoma
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rare neoplasm of connective tissue found in the heart muscle
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nitroglycerin
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drug used in treatment of more blood flow to heart
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normal sinus rhythm
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heart rythm origination in the sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
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occlusion
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blockage or closure of a vessel or tube
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pacemaker
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specialized nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium, begins the heartbeat
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palpitations
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uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias
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patent ductus arteriousus
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small duct that is open during fetal circulation, fails to close at birth
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percutaneous coronary intervention
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catheter with a balloon and stent is inserted into a coronary artery to remove collection of plaque
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pericardial friction rub
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scraping or grading sound heard on auscultation of the heart
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percardiocentesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart
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pericarditis
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inflammation of the pericardium
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pericardium
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double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
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peripheral vascular disease
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blockage of blood vessels outside the heart
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petechiae
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small pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
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phlebotomy
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incision into a vein
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position emission tomography (PET Scan)
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images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive substances
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pulmonary artery
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blood vessel carrying oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
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pulmonary circulation
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flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart
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pulmonary valve
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a valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
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pulmonary vein
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one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
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pulse
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beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
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radiofrequency catheter ablation
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to treat certain cardiac arhythmias, energy is delivered from the tip of a catheter inserted through a blood vessel in the heart
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raynaud disease
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recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis in fingers and toes caused by blood vessel spasms
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rheumatic heart disease
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heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
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septal defects
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small holes , present at birth , in walls between the heart chambers
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septum (septa)
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wall or partition
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serum enzyme tests
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chemicals measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
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sinoatrial node
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sensitive nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium
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sphygmonometer
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instrument to measure blood pressure
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statins
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drugs given to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
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stethoscope
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instrument for listening to sounds in the chest
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stress test
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exercise tolerance test (ETT) is used to determine the hearts response to physical exertion
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systemic circulation
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flow of blood from the body tissues to the heart from the heart back to the tissues
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systole
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contraction phase of the heartbeat
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tachycardia
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rapid heartbeat
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technetium 99m sestambi scan
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uptake of a radioactive chemical in myocardium reveals evidence of a heart attack
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telemetry
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continuous monitoring of a patient's heart rhythm in a hospital
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tetralogy of Fallot
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four separate defects of the heart occurring at birth
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thallium 201 scan
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concentration of a radioactive substance is measured in the myocardium to show evidence of an infection
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thrill
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fine vibration felt on palpation the body over a blood vessel that is blocked
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thromboysis
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destruction of a clot
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thrombolytic therapy
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injection of drugs to dissolve clots in bloodstream
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thrombophlebitis
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inflammation of a vein and formation of a clot within the vein
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thrombotic occlusion
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blockage of a blood vessel caused by thrombosis or clot formation
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tricuspid valve
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located between the right atrium and right ventricle
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valve
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structure in a vein or in the heart that temporary closes an opening so that blood flows in the proper direction
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valvotomy
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incision of a valve
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valuloplasty
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surgical repair of a valve
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varicose vein
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swollen, twisted veins, often in the legs
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vascular
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pertaining to the blood vessel
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vasoconstriction
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narrowing of a blood vessel
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vasodilation
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widening of the blood vessel
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vegetations
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collections of clotted material that accumulate on endocardium an valves of the heart in conditions such as endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease
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vein
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thin-walled blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from body tissues back to the heart
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vena cava (venae cavae)
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largest vein in the body
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venipuncture
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incision of a vein to remove blood
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venous
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pertaining to a vein
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ventricle
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one of two lower chambers of the heart
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venule
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small vein
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