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282 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs
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diagnosis
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the predicted outcome of a disease
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prognosis
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having a short and relatively severe course (disease)
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acute
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meaning that the disease exists over a long period of time
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chronic
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objective, or definitive, evidence of an illness or disordered function that are perceived by an examiner, such as fever, a rash, or evidence established by lab test
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signs
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subjective evidence as perceived by the patient such as pain
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symptons
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rhythmic expansion of an artery that occurs as the heart beats; it may be felt with a finger
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pulse
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the number of breaths per minutes
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respiration rate
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specially designed probe tip that is placed at the external opening of the ear canal
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tympanic thermometer
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the higher reading of blood pressure is the
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systolic pressure
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the lower reading in blood pressure is the
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diastolic pressure
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the examiner uses the eyes and ears to observe and listen to the patient
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inspection
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the examiner feels the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts with the hands
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palpation
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the examiner taps the body with the fingertips or fist to evaluate the size, borders, and consistency of internal organs and to determine the amount of fluid in a body cavity
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percussion
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examiner listens for sounds within the body to evaluate the heart, blood vessels, lungs, intestines, or other organs, or to detect the fetal heart sound
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auscultation
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an instrument consisting of two earpieces connected by flexible tubing; the diaphragm is placed against the patient's skin to hear the sounds within the body
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stethoscope
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ech/o
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sound
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son/o
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sound
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electr/o
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electricity
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fluor/o
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emitting or reflecting light
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radi/o
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radiant energy
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tom/o
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to cut
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ultra-
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excessive
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diagnostic imaging with x-rays providing film images of internal structures
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radiography
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x-ray image is a
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radiograph
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substances that do not permit the passage of x-rays are described as
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radiopaque
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describes substances that readily permit the passage of x-rays
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radiolucent
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ultrasound is also called
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echography
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uses ionizing radiation to produce a detailed image of a cross section of tissue, similar to what one would see if the body or body part were actually cut into sections
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computed tomography
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noninvasive technique for visualizing internal structures that creates images based on the magnetic properties of chemical elements within the body and uses a powerful magnetic field and radiowave pulses rather than ionizing radiation (such as in x-rays)
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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
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process of imaging deep structures of the body by sending and receiving high-frequency sounds waves that are reflected back as echoes from tissue interfaces
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sonography
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method of viewing the x-ray image directly in real time so that motion can be seen, and radiography provides a permanent record of the image at a particular point in time
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fluoroscopy
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projects an x-ray image on a monitor
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fluoroscope
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-gram
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the process of recording
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ultra-
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beyond
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combines tomography and radioactive substances to produce enhanced images of selected body structures, especially the heart, blood vessels, and the brain
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PET (positron emission tomography)
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-al
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pertaining to
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pharmaceut/i
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drugs or medicine
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treatment of tumors using radiation to destroy cancer cells
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radiotherapy or radiation oncology
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algesi/o
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sensitivity to pain
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chem/o
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chemical
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pharmac/o
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drugs or medicine
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plast/o
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repair
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therapeut/o
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treatment
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tox/o
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poison
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-therapy
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treatment
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cellul/o
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little cell or compartment
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makes movement possible
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muscular system
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provides protection, form, and shape for the body; stores minerals and forms some blood cells
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skeletal system
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delivers oxygen, nutrients, and vital substances throughout the body; transports cellular waste products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion
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cardiovascular system
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helps maintain the internal fluid environment; produces some types of blood cells; regulates immunity
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lymphatic system
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brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide and some water waste
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respiratory system
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provides the body with water, nutrients, and minerals; removes solid wastes
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digestive system
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filters blood to remove wastes of cellular metabolism; maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance
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urinary system
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facilitates procreation
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reproductive system
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provides external covering for protection, regulates the body temperature and water content
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integumentary system
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coordinates the reception of stimuli; transmits messages to stimulate movement
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nervous system
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secretes hormones and helps regulate body activities
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endocrine system
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constant internal environment that is naturally maintained by the body
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homeostasis
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abnormal development of tissues or organs
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dysplasia
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lack of development of an organ or tissue
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aplasia
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less severe than aplasia
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hypoplasia
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abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue
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hyperplasia
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increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells
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hypertrophy
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change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversal to a more primitive form (characteristic of malignancy)
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anaplasia
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divides body into front and back portions
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frontal plane
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divides the body into upper and lower portions
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transverse plane
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divides body into right and left sides
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sagittal plane
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divides body into two equal halves
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midsagittal plane
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anter/o
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anterior
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poster/o
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posterior
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ventr/o
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ventral
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dors/o
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dorsal
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medi/o
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medial, median
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later/o
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lateral
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super/o
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superior
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infer/o
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inferior
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proxim/o
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proximal
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dist/o
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distal
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cephal/o
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cephalad (toward the head)
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caud/o
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caudad (toward the tail)
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sticking together of two structures that are normally separated
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adhesion
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membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and enfolds the internal organs
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peritoneum
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large organs contained in the ventral cavity are called
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viscera
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crani/o
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skull
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pelv/i
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pelvis
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spin/o
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spine
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thorac/o
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chet
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ventr/o
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belly
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includes chest, abdomen, and pelvis
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torso
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acr/o
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extremities (arms and legs)
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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cyst/o
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cyst, bladder, or sac
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dactyl/o
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digit (toes, fingers)
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lapar/o
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abdominal wall
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omphal/o
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umbilicus
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onych/o
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nail
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periton/o
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peritoneum
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som/a, somat/o
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body
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surgical procedure that is performed to remove excess fluids from abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent
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paracentesis
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examination of interior of abdomen
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laparscopy
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refers to the head of the fetus and the maternal pelvis
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cephalopelvic
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concerning the umbilicus
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omphalic
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-centesis
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surgical puncture
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para-
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beside
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femor/o
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femur
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inguin/o
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groin
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spermat/o
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sperm
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crin/o
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secrete
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dacry/o
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tear, tearing, crying
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lacrim/o
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tear, tearing, crying
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-emia
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condition of the blood
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hem/o, hemat/o
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blood
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hidr/o
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sweat or perspiration
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hydr/o
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water
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lymph/o
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lymph
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muc/o
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mucus
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-poiesis
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production
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-poietin
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substance that causes production
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py/o
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pus
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sial/o
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saliva
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ur/o
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urine
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thromb/o
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clot
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coagul/o
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coagulation
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fibr/o
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fibrous/fiber
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-graph
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instrument for recording
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formation of internal blood clots
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thrombosis
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blood platelets are also called
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thrombocytes
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any substance that is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response is an
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antigen
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part of the immune response brought about by an antigen is the production of
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antibodies
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body's ability to counteract the effects of infectious organisms is called
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immunity
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lack of resistance or protection from infectious organisms
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susceptibility
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phag/o
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eat
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the process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced or augmented
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immunization
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any injection or ingestion of inactivated or killed microbes or their products that is administered to induce immunity
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vaccination
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diseases are a group of health conditions caused by a defect in the immune system and are generally characeterized by susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases
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immunodeficiency
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excessive reaction to an antigen is called
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hypersensitivity
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conditions in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to common, harmless substances, most of which are found in the environment
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allergies
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spreading from one part of the body to another part
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metastasis
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-ar
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pertaining to
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articul/o
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joint
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carp/o
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carpus (wrist bones)
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meta-
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change or next in a series
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tars/o
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tarsus (ankle bones)
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clavicul/o (collarbone)
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clavicle
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crani/o (skull)
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cranium
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cost/o (rib)
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costa
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scapul/o (shoulder blade)
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scapula
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stern/o (breastbone)
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sternum
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rachi/o, spin/o (backbone)
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spine
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spondyl/o, vertebr/o (spinal bones)
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vertebrae
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cervic/o
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cervical vertebrae
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thorac/o
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thoracic vertebrae
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lumb/o
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lumbar vertebrae
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sacr/o
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sacrum
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coccyg/o
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coccyx
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humer/o (upper arm bone)
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humerus
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radi/o (forearm)
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radius
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uln/o
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ulna (forearm)
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carp/o
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carpals (wristbones)
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metacarp/o
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bones of the hand---metacarpals
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phalang/o
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bones of the fingers--phalanges
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ili/o
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ilium (pelvic bone)
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ischi/o
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ischium (pelvic bone)
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pub/o
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pubis (pelvic bone)
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patell/o
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patella (kneecap)
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fibul/o
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fibula (lower leg)
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tibi/o
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tibia
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tars/o
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tarsals
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calcane/o
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calcaneous (heel bone)
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metatars/o
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metatarsals
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sacr/o
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sacrum
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cost/o
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rib
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-oid
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resembling
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ankyl/o
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stiff
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arthr/o
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articulation, joint
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-asthenia
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weakness
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burs/o
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bursa
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calc/i
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calcium
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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de-
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down, from, or reversing
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meta-
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change or next in a series
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ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
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tendon
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specialized type of dense connective tissue that is elastic but strong and that can withstand considerable pressure or tension
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cartilage
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joint
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articulation
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joints that have cavities between articulating bones are called
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synovial joints
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sacs of fluid located in areas of friction, especially in the joints
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bursae
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straightens a limb
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extension
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bends a limb
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flexion
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movement of a bone around its own axis
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rotation
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circular movement of a limb at the far end
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circumduction
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strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones or cartilage
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ligaments
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fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscle
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fascia
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bands of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones
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tendons
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BP
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blood pressure
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Bx, bx
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biopsy
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C
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celsius, or centigrade
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CA
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cancer, carcinoma
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CDC
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centers for disease control and prevention
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CT, CAT
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computed tomography, computerized axial tomography, or computed axial tomography
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CXR
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chest x-ray
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DOB
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date of birth
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Dx
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diagnosis
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F
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Fahrenheit
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H&P
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history and physical
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Hx, hx
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history
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imagery
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OD
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right eye
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PE
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physical examination
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Pt
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patient
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R
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respiration; roentgen
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rad
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radiation absorbed dose
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stat.
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immediately
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Sx
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symptoms
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T
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temperature; thoracic
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UV
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ultraviolet
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VS, v.s.
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vital signs
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abd
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abdomen, abdominal
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ABO
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blood groups
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ADL
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activities of daily living
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AHF
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antihemophilic factor
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AIDS
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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ALL
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acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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AML
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acute myelogenous leukemia
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AP
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anteroposterior
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AROM
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active range of motion
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BSA
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body surface area
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CBC, cbc
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complete blood count
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CCU
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critical care unit
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CMV
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cytomegalovirus
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DIC
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disseminated intravascular coagulation
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diff
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differential count (WBCs)
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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ELISA
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enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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FEMA
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federal emergency management agency
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Hb, Hgb
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hemoglobin
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HCT
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hematocrit
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HgA, HgC, HgE, HgF, HgS
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hemoglobins A, C, E, F, S
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HIV
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Humman Immunodeficiency Virus
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HPF
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high power field
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IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
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immunoglobins
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INR
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international normalized ratio
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lat
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lateral
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LLQ
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left lower quadrant
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LPF
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low-power field
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LUQ
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left upper quadrant
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MCH
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mean corpuscular hemoglobin
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MCHC
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mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
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MCV
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mean corpuscular volume
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PA
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posteroanterior; physician's assitant
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PCV
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packed cell volume
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PMN
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polymorphonuclear
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pro time
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prothrombin time
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PT
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prothrombin time, physical therapy
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PTT
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partial thromboplastin time
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RBC
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red blood cell, red blood cell count
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Rh
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rhesus factor in blood
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RLQ
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right lower quadrant
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RUQ
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right upper quadrant
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segs
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segmented neutrophils
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WBC
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white blood cell/count
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WNL
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within normal limits
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ANA
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antinuclear antibody
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BK
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below knee
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Ca
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Calcium
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C-1, C-1,...
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cervical vertebrae
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CTS
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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DJD
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degenerative joint disease
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DMARDs
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disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
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EMG
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electromyography
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ESR
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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fx
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fracture
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lig
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ligament
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L-1, L-2...
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lumbar vertebrae
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NSAID
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nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug
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RA
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rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium
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RF
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rheumatoid factor
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ROM
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range of motion
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SLE
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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T-1, T-2....
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thoracic vertebrae
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TMJ
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temporomandibular joint
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