Med Term (Lafleur Chpt. 11) Digestive System

Front 1

posterior portion of the palate (not supported by bone)

Back 1

soft palate

Front 2

anterior portion of the palate (supported by bone)

Back 2

hard palate

Front 3

soft v-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat

Back 3

uvula

Front 4

performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus

Back 4

pharynx, throat

Front 5

10 in. (25 cm) tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach

Back 5

esophagus

Front 6

j-shaped sac that mixes and stores food

Back 6

stomach

Front 7

area around the opening of the esophagus

Back 7

cardia

Front 8

uppermost domed portion of the stomach

Back 8

fundus

Front 9

central portion of the stomach

Back 9

body

Front 10

lower portion of the stomach

Back 10

antrum

Front 11

portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

Back 11

pylorus

Front 12

ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

Back 12

pyloric sphincter

Front 13

canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine, 20 ft (6 m)

Back 13

small intestine

Front 14

first portion of the small intestine, 10 to 12 in. (25 cm)

Back 14

duodenum

Front 15

second portion of the small intestine, 8 ft (2.4 m)

Back 15

jejunum

Front 16

third portion of the small intestine which connects with the large intestine, 11 ft (3.3 m)

Back 16

ileum

Front 17

canal that extends from the ileum to the anus 5 ft (1.5 m)

Back 17

large intestine

Front 18

blind u-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine

Back 18

cecum

Front 19

portion of the large intestine after the cecum and before the rectum. divided into the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid branches

Back 19

colon

Front 20

final portion of the large intestine extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus, appx. 8 to 10 in.(20 cm)

Back 20

rectum

Front 21

sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract

Back 21

anus

Front 22

produce saliva

Back 22

salivary glands

Front 23

produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. performs many other function concerned with digestion and metabolism

Back 23

liver

Front 24

passageways that carry bile: collectively known as biliary tract and divided into the hepatic and cystic branches. They combine to form the common bile duct

Back 24

bile ducts

Front 25

small, saclike structure that stores bile

Back 25

gall bladder

Front 26

produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food. also secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism

Back 26

pancreas

Front 27

serous, saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Back 27

peritoneum

Front 28

small pouch, which has no function in digestion, attached to cecum

Back 28

appendix, also called vermiform appendix

Front 29

portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis

Back 29

abdomen

Front 30

an/o

Back 30

anus

Front 31

antr/o

Back 31

antrum

Front 32

cec/o

Back 32

cecum

Front 33

col/o, colon/o

Back 33

colon (usually denotes large intestine)

Front 34

duoden/o

Back 34

duodenum

Front 35

enter/o

Back 35

intestine (usually denotes small intestine)

Front 36

esophag/o

Back 36

esophagus

Front 37

gastr/o

Back 37

stomach

Front 38

ile/o

Back 38

ileum

Front 39

jejun/o

Back 39

jejunum

Front 40

or/o, stomat/o

Back 40

mouth

Front 41

proct/o, rect/o

Back 41

rectum

Front 42

sigmoid/o

Back 42

sigmoid colon

Front 43

abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o

Back 43

abdomen (abdominal cavity)

Front 44

appendic/o

Back 44

appendix

Front 45

cheil/o

Back 45

lip

Front 46

cholangi/o

Back 46

bile duct

Front 47

chol/e

Back 47

gall, bile

Front 48

choledoch/o

Back 48

common bile duct

Front 49

diverticul/o

Back 49

diveticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ

Front 50

gingiv/o

Back 50

gum

Front 51

gloss/o, lingu/o

Back 51

tongue

Front 52

hepat/o

Back 52

liver

Front 53

herni/o

Back 53

hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall

Front 54

palat/o

Back 54

palate

Front 55

pancreat/o

Back 55

pancreas

Front 56

peritone/o

Back 56

peritoneum

Front 57

polyp/o

Back 57

polyp, small growth

Front 58

pylor/o

Back 58

pylorus, pyloric sphincter

Front 59

sial/o

Back 59

saliva, salivary gland

Front 60

steat/o

Back 60

fat

Front 61

uvul/o

Back 61

uvula

Front 62

inflammation of the appendix

Back 62

appendicitis

Front 63

tumor of the bile duct

Back 63

cholangioma

Front 64

inflammation of the gall bladder

Back 64

cholecystitis

Front 65

condition of stones in the common bile duct

Back 65

choledocholithiasis

Front 66

condition of gallstones

Back 66

cholelithiasis

Front 67

inflammation of a diverticulum

Back 67

diverticulitis

Front 68

abnormal condition of having diverticulitis

Back 68

diverticulosis

Front 69

inflammation of the esophagus

Back 69

esophagitis

Front 70

inflammation of the stomach

Back 70

gastritis

Front 71

inflammation of the stomach and intestine

Back 71

gastroenteritis

Front 72

inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon

Back 72

gastroenterocolitis

Front 73

inflammation of the gums

Back 73

gingivitis

Front 74

inflammation of the liver

Back 74

hepatitis

Front 75

tumor of the liver

Back 75

hepatoma

Front 76

inflammation of the palate

Back 76

palatitis

Front 77

inflammation of the pancreas

Back 77

pancreatitis

Front 78

inflammation of the peritoneum

Back 78

peritonitis

Front 79

abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps (in the mucus membrane of the intestine, especially the colon; high potential for malignancy

Back 79

polyposis

Front 80

prolapse of the rectum

Back 80

proctoptosis

Front 81

protrusion of the rectum

Back 81

rectocele

Front 82

stone in the salivary gland

Back 82

sialolith

Front 83

inflammation of the liver associated with (excess) fat; (often caused by alcohol abuse and over time may cause cirrhosis)

Back 83

steatohepatitis

Front 84

inflammation of the uvula

Back 84

uvulitis

Front 85

abnormal growing together of two surfaces that are normally separated

Back 85

adhesion

Front 86

chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly cause by alcoholism

Back 86

cirrhosis

Front 87

abnormal backflow of gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus

Back 87

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Front 88

varicose vein in the rectal area, which may be internal or external

Back 88

hemorrhoid

Front 89

obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis

Back 89

ileus

Front 90

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

Back 90

intussusception

Front 91

periodic disturbance of bowel function

Back 91

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Front 92

excess of body fat (not body weight)

Back 92

obesity

Front 93

tumorlike growth, extending outward from a mucous membrane

Back 93

polyp

Front 94

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity

Back 94

abdominocentesis or paracentesis

Front 95

surgical repair of the abdomen

Back 95

abdominoplasty

Front 96

surgical repair of the anus

Back 96

anoplasty

Front 97

excision of the antrum

Back 97

antrectomy

Front 98

excision of the appendix

Back 98

appendicectomy or appendectomy

Front 99

incision into the abdominal cavity

Back 99

celiotomy

Front 100

suture of the lip

Back 100

cheilorrhaphy

Front 101

excision of the gall bladder

Back 101

cholecystectomy

Front 102

incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone

Back 102

choledocholithotomy

Front 103

excision of the colon

Back 103

cholectomy

Front 104

creation of an artificial opening into the colon

Back 104

colostomy

Front 105

excision of a diverticulum

Back 105

diverticulectomy

Front 106

suture of the intestine

Back 106

enterorrhaphy

Front 107

surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach

Back 107

esophagogastroplasty

Front 108

excision of the stomach (or part of the stomach)

Back 108

gastrectomy

Front 109

creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum

Back 109

gastrojejunostomy

Front 110

surgical repair of the stomach

Back 110

gastroplasty

Front 111

creation of an artificial opening into the stomach (Through the abdominal wall)

Back 111

gastrostomy

Front 112

surgical removal of a gum (tissue)

Back 112

gingivectomy

Front 113

suture of the tongue

Back 113

glossorrhaphy

Front 114

excision of half of the colon

Back 114

hemicolectomy

Front 115

suturing of a hernia (for repair)

Back 115

herniorrhaphy

Front 116

creation of an artificial opening into the ileum (through the abdominal wall, creating a mouthlike (stoma) opening)

Back 116

ileostomy

Front 117

incision into the abdomen

Back 117

laparotomy

Front 118

surgical repair of the palate

Back 118

palatoplasty

Front 119

excision of a polyp

Back 119

polypectomy

Front 120

incision into the pyloric muscle

Back 120

pyloromyotomy

Front 121

surgical repair of the pylorus

Back 121

pyloroplasty

Front 122

excision of the uvula

Back 122

uvulectomy

Front 123

surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx (UPPP) (performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea)

Back 123

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Front 124

an opening created by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments

Back 124

anastomosis

Front 125

surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity

Back 125

bariatric surgery

Front 126

excision of the hemorrhoids, the varicosed veins in the rectal region

Back 126

hemorrhoidectomy

Front 127

cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve (performed with gastric surgery to reduce the amount of gastric acid produced and thus reduce the recurrence of ulcers)

Back 127

vagotomy

Front 128

radiographic IMAGE of bile ducts

Back 128

cholangiogram

Front 129

radiographic IMAGING of the bile ducts

Back 129

cholangiography

Front 130

radiographic image of the gall bladder

Back 130

cholecystogram

Front 131

radiographic IMAGING of the colon (using a CT scanner and software)

Back 131

CT colonography

Front 132

radiographic image of the esophagus using barium

Back 132

esophagogram, esophagram, or barium swallow

Front 133

instrument used for visual examination of the colon

Back 133

colonoscope

Front 134

visual examination of the colon

Back 134

colonoscopy

Front 135

instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ

Back 135

endoscope

Front 136

visual examination within a hollow organ

Back 136

endoscopy

Front 137

visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

Back 137

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Front 138

instrument used for visual examination of the esophagus

Back 138

esophagoscope

Front 139

visual examination of the esophagus

Back 139

esophagoscopy

Front 140

instrument used for visual examination of the stomach

Back 140

gastroscope

Front 141

visual examination of the stomach

Back 141

gastroscopy

Front 142

instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity (also used to perform laparoscopic surgery)

Back 142

laparoscope

Front 143

visual examination of the abdominal cavity

Back 143

laparscopy

Front 144

instrument used for visual examination of the rectum

Back 144

proctoscope

Front 145

visual examination of the rectum

Back 145

proctoscopy

Front 146

instrument used for visual examination of the sigmoid colon

Back 146

sigmoidoscope

Front 147

visual examination of the sigmoid colon

Back 147

sigmoidoscopy

Front 148

series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered rectally

Back 148

barium enema (BE), also called lower GI series

Front 149

series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed

Back 149

upper GI (gastrointestinal) series

Front 150

test to detect occult (present but only visible microscopically) blood in feces. used to screen for colon cancer or polyps

Back 150

fecal occult blood test (FOBT), also called guaiac test

Front 151

blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria

Back 151

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies test

Front 152

pertaining to the abdomen

Back 152

abdominal

Front 153

pertaining to the anus

Back 153

anal

Front 154

without swallowing (the inability to)

Back 154

aphagia

Front 155

pertaining to the colon and rectum

Back 155

colorectal

Front 156

difficult digestion (often used to describe GI symptoms)

Back 156

dyspepsia

Front 157

difficult swallowing

Back 157

dysphagia

Front 158

pain in the stomach

Back 158

gastrodynia

Front 159

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines (Gi tract and accessory organs)

Back 159

gastroenterologist

Front 160

study of the stomach and intestines

Back 160

gastroenterology

Front 161

softening of the stomach

Back 161

gastromalacia

Front 162

disease of the tongue

Back 162

glossopathy

Front 163

pertaining to the ileum and cecum

Back 163

ileocecal

Front 164

pertaining to the nose and stomach

Back 164

nasogastric

Front 165

pertaining to the mouth

Back 165

oral

Front 166

pertaining to the pancreas

Back 166

pancreatic

Front 167

pertaining to the peritoneum

Back 167

peritoneal

Front 168

physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum

Back 168

proctologist

Front 169

study of the rectum

Back 169

proctology

Front 170

pertaining to the rectum

Back 170

rectal

Front 171

discharge of fat (excessive amount of fat in the stool)

Back 171

steatorrhea

Front 172

abnormal condition of fat (increased fat at the cellular level often affecting the liver)

Back 172

steatosis

Front 173

pertaining to the mouth and stomach

Back 173

stomatogastric

Front 174

pertaining to under the tongue

Back 174

sublingual

Front 175

abnormal condition of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Back 175

ascites

Front 176

frequent discharge of liquid stool

Back 176

diarrhea

Front 177

expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth

Back 177

emesis, vomiting , and vomitus

Front 178

waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum

Back 178

feces, fecal matter, or stool

Front 179

gas in the digestive tract expelled through the anus

Back 179

flatus

Front 180

washing out of the stomach

Back 180

gastric lavage

Front 181

process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube

Back 181

gavage

Front 182

vomiting of blood

Back 182

hematemesis

Front 183

passage of bloody feces

Back 183

hematochezia

Front 184

black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually a resullt of bleeding in the upper GI tract

Back 184

melena

Front 185

urge to vomit

Back 185

nausea

Front 186

involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract

Back 186

peristalsis

Front 187

abnormal backward flow (the stomach contents flow back into the esophagus)

Back 187

reflux (esophogeal reflux)

Front 188

surgical opening between an organ and the surface the body (may also refer to between portions of the intestines) eg. colostomy.

Back 188

stoma

Front 189

BE

Back 189

barium enema

Front 190

EGD

Back 190

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Front 191

GERD

Back 191

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Front 192

GI

Back 192

gastrointestinal

Front 193

H. pylori

Back 193

Helicobacter pylori

Front 194

N&V

Back 194

nausea and vomiting

Front 195

PEG

Back 195

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Front 196

UGI

Back 196

upper gastrointestinal