Med Term Exam 3

Front 1

Cereball/o

Back 1

cerebellum

Front 2

Cerebr/o

Back 2

cerebrum, brain

Front 3

Dur/o

Back 3

hard, dura mater

Front 4

Encephal/o

Back 4

brain

Front 5

Gangli/o, ganglion/o

Back 5

ganglion

Front 6

Mening/o, mening/o

Back 6

meninges

Front 7

Myel/o

Back 7

spinal cord

Front 8

Neur/o

Back 8

nerve

Front 9

Radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o

Back 9

nerve root (proximal end of a peripheral nerve, closest to the spinal cord)

Front 10

Esthesi/o

Back 10

sensation, sensitivity, feeling

Front 11

Ment/o, phren/o, psych/o

Back 11

mind

Front 12

Mon/o

Back 12

one

Front 13

Phas/o

Back 13

speech

Front 14

Poli/o

Back 14

gray matter

Front 15

Quadr/i

Back 15

four

Front 16

Tetra-

Back 16

four

Front 17

-iatrist

Back 17

specialist, physician (-logist means specialist)

Front 18

-iatry

Back 18

treatment, specialty

Front 19

-ictal

Back 19

seizure, attack

Front 20

-paresis

Back 20

slight paralysis (-plegia also means paralysis)

Front 21

Cerebellitis

Back 21

inflammation of the cerebellum

Front 22

Cerebral thrombosis

Back 22

abnormal condition of a clot, pertaining to the cerebrum (blood clot in a blood vessel of the brain)

Front 23

Duritis

Back 23

inflammation of the dura mater

Front 24

Encephalitis

Back 24

inflammation of the brain

Front 25

Encephalomalacia

Back 25

softening of the brain

Front 26

Encephalomyeloradiculitis

Back 26

inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve roots

Front 27

Ganglitis

Back 27

inflammation of the ganglion

Front 28

Meningitis

Back 28

inflammation of the meninges

Front 29

Meningocele

Back 29

protrusion of the meninges (through a defect in the skull or vertebral column)

Front 30

Meningomyelocele

Back 30

protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord (through the vertebral column)

Front 31

Neuralgia

Back 31

pain in a nerve

Front 32

Neurasthenia

Back 32

nerve weakness (nervous exhaustion, fatigue and weakness)

Front 33

Neuritis

Back 33

inflammation of a nerve

Front 34

Neuroarthropathy

Back 34

disease of nerves and joints

Front 35

Neuroblast

Back 35

developing nerve cell

Front 36

Neuroma

Back 36

tumor made up of nerve (cells)

Front 37

Poliomyelitis

Back 37

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord (this infectious disease, commonly referred to as polio, is caused by one of the three polio viruses)

Front 38

Radiculitis

Back 38

inflammation of the nerve roots

Front 39

Rhizomeningomyelitis

Back 39

inflammation of the nerve root, meninges and spinal cord

Front 40

Subdural hematoma

Back 40

blood tumor, pertaining to below the dura mater (hematoma, literally translated, means blood tumor; however, a hematoma is a blood mass or collection of blood)

Front 41

Alzheimer disease (AD)

Back 41

disease characterized by early senility, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness and impaired memory

Front 42

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 42

progressive muscle atrophy caused by hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord (Lou Gerig disease) (ALS)

Front 43

Bell palsy

Back 43

paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually a temporary condition; symptoms include a sagging mouth on the affected side and nonclosure of the eyelid

Front 44

Cerebral aneurysm

Back 44

aneurysm in the cerebrum

Front 45

Cerebral palsy (CP)

Back 45

condition characterized by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after

Front 46

Cerebrovascular accident

Back 46

interruption of blood supply to the brain caused by a cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolus, or cerebral hemorrhage; the patient may experience mild to severe paralysis (aka stroke, brain attack) (CVA)

Front 47

Epilepsy

Back 47

disorder in which the main symptom is recurring seizures

Front 48

Hydrocephalus

Back 48

increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid the ventricles of the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium

Front 49

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Back 49

degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord

Front 50

Neurosis

Back 50

emotional disorder that involves an ineffective way of coping with anxiety or inner conflict

Front 51

Parkinson disease (PD)

Back 51

chronic degenerative disease of the CNS; symptoms include resting tremors of the hands and feet, rigidity, expressionless face, and shuffling gait; it usually occurs after the age of 50 years

Front 52

Psychosis

Back 52

major mental disorder characterized by extreme derangement, often with delusions and hallucinations

Front 53

Reye syndrome

Back 53

disease of the brain and other organs such as the liver; affects children and adolescents; the cause is unknown, but it typically follows a viral infection

Front 54

Sciatica

Back 54

inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the thigh through the leg to the foot and toes; can be caused by injury, infection, arthritis, herniated disk or from prolonged pressure on the nerve from sitting for long periods

Front 55

Shingles

Back 55

viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (herpes zoster)

Front 56

Transient ischemic attack

Back 56

sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time; the symptoms may be similar to those of CVA, but with TIA the symptoms are temporary and the usual outcome is complete recovery

Front 57

Ganglionectomy

Back 57

excision of a ganglion

Front 58

Neurectomy

Back 58

excision of a nerve

Front 59

Neurolysis

Back 59

separating a nerve (from adhesions)

Front 60

Neuroplasty

Back 60

surgical repair of a nerve

Front 61

Neurotomy

Back 61

incision into a nerve

Front 62

Radicotomy rhizotomy

Back 62

incision into a nerve root

Front 63

Cerebral angiography

Back 63

x-ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain (after an injection of contrast medium)

Front 64

CT myelography

Back 64

process of recording (scan) the spinal cord (after an injection of a contrast agent into the subarachnoid space; size, shape and position of the spinal cord and nerve roots are demonstrated)

Front 65

Echoencephalography

Back 65

process of recording the brain (structures) by sound (aka ultrasonography of the brain) (EchoEG)

Front 66

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Back 66

record of the electrical impulses of the brain

Front 67

Electroencephalograph

Back 67

instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain

Front 68

Electroencephalography

Back 68

process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain

Front 69

Computed tomography-brain

Back 69

process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of images of the tissues of the brain at any desired depth; the procedure is noninvasive, painless and particularly useful in diagnosing brain tumors (CT scan)

Front 70

Magnetic resonance imaging

Back 70

noninvasive technique that produces cross-sectional and sagittal images of soft tissues of the brain by magnetic waves; unlike CT scan, MRI produces images without use of radiation; it is used to visualize tumors, edema, MS, and herniated discs

Front 71

Evoked potential studies

Back 71

a group of diagnostic test that measure changes and responses in brain waves elicited by visual, auditory or somatosensory stimuli; visual evoked response (VER) is a response to visual stimuli; auditory evoked response (AER) is a response to auditory stimuli.

Front 72

Lumbar puncture (LP)

Back 72

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae; it is performed for many reasons, including the removal of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes

Front 73

Anesthesia

Back 73

without (loss of) feeling or sensation

Front 74

Aphasia

Back 74

condition of without speaking (loss or impairment of the ability to speak)

Front 75

Cephalalgia

Back 75

pain in the head (headache)

Front 76

Cerebral

Back 76

pertaining to the cerebrum

Front 77

Craniocerebral

Back 77

pertaining to the cranium and cerebrum

Front 78

Dysphasia

Back 78

condition of difficulty speaking

Front 79

Encephalosclerosis

Back 79

hardening of the brain

Front 80

Hemiparesis

Back 80

slight paralysis of half (right or left side of the body)

Front 81

Hemiplegia

Back 81

paralysis of half (right or left side of the body); CVA is the most common cause of hemiplegia

Front 82

Hyperesthesia

Back 82

excessive sensitivity (to stimuli)

Front 83

Interictal

Back 83

(occurring) between seizures or attacks

Front 84

Intracerebral

Back 84

pertaining to within the cerebrum

Front 85

Monoparesis

Back 85

slight paralysis of one (limb)

Front 86

Monoplegia

Back 86

paralysis of one (limb)

Front 87

Myelomalacia

Back 87

softening of the spinal cord

Front 88

Neuroid

Back 88

resembling a nerve

Front 89

Neurologist

Back 89

physician who studies and treats disease of the nerves

Front 90

Neurology

Back 90

study of nerves (branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the NS)

Front 91

Panplegia

Back 91

total paralysis

Front 92

Phrenic

Back 92

pertaining to the mind

Front 93

Phrenopathy

Back 93

disease of the mind

Front 94

Postictal

Back 94

(occurring) after a seizure or attack

Front 95

Preictal

Back 95

(occurring) before a seizure or attack

Front 96

Psychiatrist

Back 96

a physician who studies and treats disorders of the mind

Front 97

Psychiatry

Back 97

specialty of the mind (branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of mental disorders)

Front 98

Psychogenic

Back 98

originating in the mind

Front 99

Psychologist

Back 99

specialist of the mind

Front 100

Psychology

Back 100

study of the mind (a profession that involves dealing with the mind and mental processes in relation to human behavior)

Front 101

Psychopathy

Back 101

(any) disease of the mind

Front 102

Psychosomatic

Back 102

pertaining to the mind and body (interrelations of)

Front 103

Quadriplegia

Back 103

paralysis of four (limbs)

Front 104

Subdural

Back 104

pertaining to below the dura mater

Front 105

Tetraplegia

Back 105

paralysis of four (limbs)

Front 106

Afferent

Back 106

conveying toward a center (for example, afferent nerves carry impulses to the CNS)

Front 107

Ataxia

Back 107

lack of muscle contraction

Front 108

Cognitive

Back 108

pertaining to the mental processes of comprehension, judgment, memory and reason

Front 109

Coma

Back 109

state of profound unconsciousness

Front 110

Concussion

Back 110

jarring or shaking that results in an injury; brain concussions are caused by slight or severe head injury; symptoms include vertigo and loss of consciousness

Front 111

Conscious

Back 111

awake, alert, aware of one’s surroundings

Front 112

Convulsion

Back 112

sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles (seizure)

Front 113

Dementia

Back 113

loss of cognitive abilities

Front 114

Disorientation

Back 114

a state of mental confusion as to time, place or identity

Front 115

Efferent

Back 115

conveying away from the center

Front 116

Gait

Back 116

a manner or style of walking

Front 117

Incoherent

Back 117

unable to express one’s thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner

Front 118

Paraplegia

Back 118

paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord

Front 119

Seizure

Back 119

sudden attack with an involuntary series of contractions

Front 120

Shunt

Back 120

tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid

Front 121

Syncope

Back 121

fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum

Front 122

Unconsciousness

Back 122

state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock or illness

Front 123

Anxiety disorder

Back 123

an emotional disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension or uneasiness arising typically from the anticipation of unreal or imagined danger

Front 124

Bipolar disorder

Back 124

a major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance in mood; the disorder is manifested by manic and depressive episodes that may alternate or may occur simultaneously

Front 125

Major depression

Back 125

a mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair and discouragement; ranges from normal feelings of sadness (resulting from and proportional to personal loss or tragedy), through dysthymia (depressive neurosis) to major depression

Front 126

OCD

Back 126

a disorder characterized by intrusive, unwanted thoughts that result in the tendency to perform repetitive acts or rituals, usually as a means of releasing tension or relieving anxiety

Front 127

Panic attack

Back 127

an episode of acute anxiety, occurring unpredictably, with feelings of acute apprehension, dyspnea, dizziness, sweating and/or chest pain

Front 128

Phobia

Back 128

a marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific situation or object

Front 129

Pica

Back 129

compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances such as clay or ice; this condition is often a result of an iron deficiency; when iron deficiency is the cause of pica the condition will disappear in 1-2 weeks when treated with iron therapy

Front 130

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Back 130

a disorder characterized by an acute emotional response to a traumatic event or severe emotional stress such as an airplane crash, repeated physical or emotional trauma, or military combat; symptoms include anxiety, sleep disturbance, difficulty concentrating and depression

Front 131

Schizophrenia

Back 131

any one of a large group of psychotic disorders characterized by gross distortions of reality, disturbance of language and communication, withdrawal from social interaction, and the disorganization and fragmentation of thought, perception and emotional reaction

Front 132

Somatoform disorders

Back 132

physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists

Front 133

AD

Back 133

Alzheimer disease

Front 134

ADHD

Back 134

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Front 135

ALS

Back 135

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Front 136

CP

Back 136

cerebral palsy

Front 137

CVA

Back 137

cerebralvascular accident

Front 138

EchoEG

Back 138

echoencephalography

Front 139

EEG

Back 139

electroencephalogram

Front 140

EP studies

Back 140

evoked potential studies

Front 141

PD

Back 141

parkinsons disease

Front 142

PET scan

Back 142

positron emission tomography scan

Front 143

PTSD

Back 143

posttraumatic stress disorder