Med Term Chapter 9

Front 1

antibody (Ab)

Back 1

protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance called an antigen

Front 2

antigen

Back 2

substance, recognized as harmful to the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual

Front 3

bile pigment

Back 3

substance derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted by the liver

Front 4

cytokine

Back 4

chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells

Front 5

immunocompetent

Back 5

ability to develop an immune response or recognized antigens and respond to them

Front 6

natural killer (NK) cells

Back 6

specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane, causing its intercellular fluids to leak out

Front 7

aden/o

Back 7

gland

Front 8

agglutin/o

Back 8

clumping, gluing

Front 9

bas/o

Back 9

base (alkaline, opposite of acid)

Front 10

blast/o

Back 10

embryonic cell

Front 11

chrom/o

Back 11

color

Front 12

eosin/o

Back 12

dawn (rose-colored)

Front 13

erythr/o

Back 13

red

Front 14

granul/o

Back 14

granule

Front 15

hem/o

Back 15

blood

Front 16

hemat/o

Back 16

blood

Front 17

immun/o

Back 17

immune, immunity, safe

Front 18

kary/o

Back 18

nucleus

Front 19

nucle/o

Back 19

nucleus

Front 20

leuk/o

Back 20

white

Front 21

lymphaden/o

Back 21

lymph gland (node)

Front 22

lymph/o

Back 22

lymph

Front 23

lymphangi/o

Back 23

lymph vessel

Front 24

morph/o

Back 24

form, shape, structure

Front 25

myel/o

Back 25

bone marrow; spinal cord

Front 26

neutr/o

Back 26

neutral, neither

Front 27

phag/o

Back 27

swallowing, eating

Front 28

plas/o

Back 28

formation, growth

Front 29

poikil/o

Back 29

varied, irregular

Front 30

reticul/o

Back 30

net, mesh

Front 31

ser/o

Back 31

serum

Front 32

sider/o

Back 32

iron

Front 33

splen/o

Back 33

spleen

Front 34

thromb/o

Back 34

blood clot

Front 35

thym/o

Back 35

thymus gland

Front 36

xen/o

Back 36

foreign, strange

Front 37

-blast

Back 37

embryonic cell

Front 38

-emia

Back 38

blood condition

Front 39

-globin

Back 39

protein

Front 40

-graft

Back 40

transplantation

Front 41

-osis

Back 41

abnormal condition; increase ( used primarily with blood cells )

Front 42

-penia

Back 42

decrease, deficiency

Front 43

-phil

Back 43

attraction for

Front 44

-phoresis

Back 44

carrying, transmission

Front 45

-phylaxis

Back 45

protection

Front 46

-poiesis

Back 46

formation, production

Front 47

-stasis

Back 47

standing still

Front 48

a-

Back 48

without, not

Front 49

allo-

Back 49

other, differing from the normal

Front 50

aniso-

Back 50

unequal, dissimilar

Front 51

iso-

Back 51

same, equal

Front 52

macro-

Back 52

large

Front 53

micro-

Back 53

small

Front 54

mono-

Back 54

one

Front 55

poly-

Back 55

many, much

Front 56

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Back 56

abnormal activation of the proteins involved in blood coagulation, causing small blood clot to form in vessels and cutting off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues

Front 57

graft rejection

Back 57

process in which a recipient's immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue

Front 58

graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD)

Back 58

complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against recipient's organs that can be severe enough to cause death

Front 59

hematoma

Back 59

localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to break in or severing of a blood vessel

Front 60

hemoglobinopathy

Back 60

any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule

Front 61

lymphadenopathy

Back 61

any disease of the lymph nodes

Front 62

lymphedema

Back 62

swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels

Front 63

multiple myeloma

Back 63

malignant tumor of plasma cells (cells that help the body fight infection by producing antibodies) in the bone marrow

Front 64

sepsis

Back 64

presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning

Front 65

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Back 65

widespread autoimmune disease that may affect the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation; also called discoid lupus if symptoms are limited to the skin

Front 66

thrombocythemia

Back 66

overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations

Front 67

thrombocytopenia

Back 67

abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels (intravascular), spleen (extravascular), or liver (extravascular)

Front 68

von Willebrand disease

Back 68

bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor, a "sticky" protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to form a plug that leads to clot formation

Front 69

immunotherapy

Back 69

any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates or restores the body's natural immune mechanisms to treat disease

Front 70

allergy injections

Back 70

injection with increasing strengths of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies

Front 71

biological immunotherapy

Back 71

use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn disease; also called biologic therapy or biotherapy

Front 72

bone marrow aspiration

Back 72

removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination

Front 73

bane marrow transplant

Back 73

infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy l; used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers

Front 74

autologous bone marrow transplant

Back 74

infusion of the patient's own bone marrow or stem cells after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy

Front 75

homologous bone marrow transplant

Back 75

infusion of bone marrow or stem cells from a compatible donor after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation; also called allogenic transplant

Front 76

lymphadenectomy

Back 76

removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue

Front 77

Sentinel node excision

Back 77

removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells

Front 78

transfusion

Back 78

infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another person (recipient)

Front 79

antinuclear antibody (ANA)

Back 79

test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual's own body cells (auto-antibodies)

Front 80

blood culture

Back 80

test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream

Front 81

complete blood count (CBC)

Back 81

series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts, platelet count; and differential (diff) count; also called hemogram

Front 82

monospot

Back 82

nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after infection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that caused infectious mononucleosis

Front 83

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Back 83

test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficiencies of some clotting factors; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

Front 84

prothrombin time (PT)

Back 84

test that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot; also called pro time

Front 85

Schilling test

Back 85

test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract

Front 86

bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 86

highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in multiple myeloma

Front 87

lymphangiography

Back 87

visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system

Front 88

lymphoscintigraphy

Back 88

introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node

Front 89

anticoagulants

Back 89

prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivating one or more clotting factors

Front 90

antifibrinolytics

Back 90

neutralize fibrinolytic chemicals in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots

Front 91

antimicrobials

Back 91

destroy bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, depending on the particular drug, generally by interfering with the functions of their cell membrane or their reproductive cycle

Front 92

antivirals

Back 92

prevent replication of viruses within host cells

Front 93

fat-soluble vitamins

Back 93

prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from a lack of prothrombin, which is commonly caused by a vitamin K deficiency

Front 94

thrombolytics

Back 94

dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands

Front 95

AB, Ab, ab

Back 95

antibody, abortion

Front 96

A, B, AB, O

Back 96

blood types in ABO blood group

Front 97

AIDS

Back 97

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Front 98

ALL

Back 98

acute lymphocytic leukemia

Front 99

AML

Back 99

acute myelogenous leukemia

Front 100

ANA

Back 100

antinuclear antibody

Front 101

APC

Back 101

antigen-presenting cell

Front 102

APTT

Back 102

activated partial thromboplastin time

Front 103

BMT

Back 103

bone marrow transplant

Front 104

CBC

Back 104

complete blood count

Front 105

CLL

Back 105

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Front 106

CML

Back 106

chronic myelogenous leukemia

Front 107

DIC

Back 107

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Front 108

diff

Back 108

differential count (white blood cells)

Front 109

DVT

Back 109

deep vein thrombosis; deep venous thrombosis

Front 110

EBV

Back 110

Epstein-Barr virus

Front 111

GVHD

Back 111

graft-versus-host-disease

Front 112

eos

Back 112

eosinophil

Front 113

Hb, Hgb

Back 113

hemoglobin

Front 114

HIV

Back 114

human immunodeficiency virus

Front 115

Igs

Back 115

immunoglobulins

Front 116

MNL

Back 116

mononuclear leukocytes

Front 117

NK cell

Back 117

natural killer cell

Front 118

PCP

Back 118

pneumocystis; pneumonia; primary care physician

Front 119

PMN

Back 119

ploymorphonuclear

Front 120

PMNL, poly

Back 120

ploymorphonuclear leukocyte

Front 121

PT

Back 121

prothrombin time, physical therapy

Front 122

PTT

Back 122

partial thromboplastin time

Front 123

RA

Back 123

right atrium; rheumatoid arthritis

Front 124

RBC, rbc

Back 124

red blood cell

Front 125

segs

Back 125

segmented neutrophils

Front 126

SLE

Back 126

systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 127

WBC, wbc

Back 127

white blood cell