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100 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

transverse planes

cut in half at waist

midsagittal plane

cut down in half, right through the eyes

safittal plane

divides body up and down; unequal portions

superior

waist up

anterior/ventral

front half

posterior/dorsal

back half

distal

far away

proximal

closer

cephalic

toward head

caudal

toward lower part of body

medial

direction toward or nearer midline

caudal

toward lower part of body

medial

direction toward or nearer midline

lateral

direction toward or nearer side of body

adeno

gland

adip

fat

anter

before

caudo

lower part of body, tail

cephal

head

cyto

cell

end, endo

within, inside

exo

out of, outside

histo

tissue

ologist

specialist

ology

science or study of

patho, pathy

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

plas/i/o/ia

developments, growth, formation

poster

behind, toward the back

stasis/ static

control, maintenance of constant level

anatomy

study of structures of the body

physiology

study of functions of structures of body

dorsal cavity

located along back of body and head; contains organs of nervous system, divided into two portions


Two Portions of Dorsal Cavity

+cranial cavity: located within skull, surrounds and protects brain


+spinal cavity: located within spinal column, surrounds and protects spinal cord

Ventral Cavity

located along front of body, contains body organs that sustain homeost

thoracic cavity

chest cavity; thorax, surrounds and protects heart and lungs, diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities


abdominal cavity

major organs of digestion

pelvic cavity

space formed by hip bones; contains reproductive and excretory systems


-Abdominopelvic Cavity: both put together


-Inguinal: relating to groin, entire lower area of the abdomen

Regions of Thorax and Abdomen

-Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions


-Epigastric Region
-Lumbar Regions
Umbilical Regions
Iliac Regions
Hypogastric Regions

Hypochondriac Regions (L+R)

covered by lower ribs

Epigastric Region

located above stomach

Lumbar Regions (L+R)

near inward curve of spine

Umbilical Region

surrounds umbilicus (belly button)

Iliac Regions

regions located over hip bones

hypogastric region

located below stomach

peritoneum

multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place within abdominal cavity

parietal periotoneum

outer layer of peritoneum that lines interior of abdominal wall


mesentery

fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to interior abdominal wall

visceral peritoneum

inner layer of peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity (visceral= internal organs)

retroperitoneal

behind peritoneum

Stem Cells

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division


Adult Stem Cells

somatic stem cells; undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ


Primary Role of Adult stem cells

maintain/repair tissue in which they are found

Embryonic Stem Cells

undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell; but they can form any adult cell


genome

complete set of genetic info about an organism

Cystic Fibrosis

present at birth, affects both respiratory and digestive systems

hemophilia

blood-clotting factor is missing; bleeding problems

Huntington's Disease

parent to child; nerve degeneration with symptoms that appear mid-life

muscular Dystrophy (MS)

group of genetic diseases that cause weakening and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement

Phenylketonuria

essential digestive enzyme is missing; without early detection, PKU causes severe mental retardation

Tay-Sachs

FA buildup in tissues and nerve cells in brain. Recessive. Progressive blindness, paralysis, early death

tissue

group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions.

Four Main Types of Tissues

Epithelial


Connective


Muscle


Nerve

Epithelium

specialized tissue that forms epidermis of skin and surface layer of mucous membranes

endothelium

lines blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, organs

connective tissue

support and connect organs and other body tissues

dense CT

bone, cartilage, forms joints and framework of the body

adipose tissue

fat

loose connective tissue

surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels

liquid connective tissue

blood and lymph

muscle tissue

ability to contract and relax

nerve tissue

ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

aplasia

defective development or absence of an organ or tissue

hypoplasia

incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in number of cells

anaplasia

change in structure of cells and orientation to each other. Characteristic of tumor formation in cancers

dsyplasia

abnormal development of growth of cells

hyperplasia

enlargement of organ or tissue because of abnormal increase in number of cells in tissues

hypertrophy

general increase in bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in size, but not in number, of cells in tissues (NOT due to tumor formation)

Gland

group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions

adenitis

inflammation of a gland

adenocarcinoma

malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

adenoma

beningn tumor that arises or resembles glandular tissue

adenomalacia

abnormal softening of gland

adenosis

any disease or condition of a gland

adenosclerosis

abnormal hardening of a gland

adenectomy

surgical removal of a gland

etiology

study of causes of diseases

communicable disease

contagious disease; any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects

indirect contact transmission

situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with contaminated surface

bloodborne transmission

Spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fkuids that are contaminated with blood

airborne

respiratory droplets

foodborne, waterborne

fecal-oral transmission

Functional disorder

panic attack ex. no cause identified

iatrogenic illness

unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

idiopathic disorder

illness without known cause

infectious disease

illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

nosocomial infection

disease acquired in hospital or clinical setting (MRSA)

organic disorder

symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in body

cogenital

exists at time of birth

developmental disorder

birth malfunction

atresia

congenital absence of normal body opening or failure of structure to be tubular