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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
transverse planes |
cut in half at waist |
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midsagittal plane |
cut down in half, right through the eyes |
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safittal plane |
divides body up and down; unequal portions |
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superior |
waist up |
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anterior/ventral |
front half |
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posterior/dorsal |
back half |
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distal |
far away |
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proximal |
closer |
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cephalic |
toward head |
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caudal |
toward lower part of body |
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medial |
direction toward or nearer midline |
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caudal |
toward lower part of body |
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medial |
direction toward or nearer midline |
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lateral |
direction toward or nearer side of body |
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adeno |
gland |
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adip |
fat |
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anter |
before |
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caudo |
lower part of body, tail |
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cephal |
head |
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cyto |
cell |
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end, endo |
within, inside |
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exo |
out of, outside |
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histo |
tissue |
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ologist |
specialist |
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ology |
science or study of |
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patho, pathy |
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion |
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plas/i/o/ia |
developments, growth, formation |
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poster |
behind, toward the back |
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stasis/ static |
control, maintenance of constant level |
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anatomy |
study of structures of the body |
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physiology |
study of functions of structures of body |
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dorsal cavity |
located along back of body and head; contains organs of nervous system, divided into two portions
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Two Portions of Dorsal Cavity |
+cranial cavity: located within skull, surrounds and protects brain +spinal cavity: located within spinal column, surrounds and protects spinal cord |
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Ventral Cavity |
located along front of body, contains body organs that sustain homeost |
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thoracic cavity |
chest cavity; thorax, surrounds and protects heart and lungs, diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
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abdominal cavity |
major organs of digestion |
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pelvic cavity |
space formed by hip bones; contains reproductive and excretory systems -Abdominopelvic Cavity: both put together -Inguinal: relating to groin, entire lower area of the abdomen |
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Regions of Thorax and Abdomen |
-Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions -Epigastric Region |
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Hypochondriac Regions (L+R) |
covered by lower ribs |
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Epigastric Region |
located above stomach |
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Lumbar Regions (L+R) |
near inward curve of spine |
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Umbilical Region |
surrounds umbilicus (belly button) |
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Iliac Regions |
regions located over hip bones |
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hypogastric region |
located below stomach |
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peritoneum |
multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place within abdominal cavity |
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parietal periotoneum |
outer layer of peritoneum that lines interior of abdominal wall
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mesentery |
fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to interior abdominal wall |
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visceral peritoneum |
inner layer of peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity (visceral= internal organs) |
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retroperitoneal |
behind peritoneum |
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Stem Cells |
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
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Adult Stem Cells |
somatic stem cells; undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ
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Primary Role of Adult stem cells |
maintain/repair tissue in which they are found |
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Embryonic Stem Cells |
undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell; but they can form any adult cell
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genome |
complete set of genetic info about an organism |
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Cystic Fibrosis |
present at birth, affects both respiratory and digestive systems |
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hemophilia |
blood-clotting factor is missing; bleeding problems |
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Huntington's Disease |
parent to child; nerve degeneration with symptoms that appear mid-life |
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muscular Dystrophy (MS) |
group of genetic diseases that cause weakening and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement |
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Phenylketonuria |
essential digestive enzyme is missing; without early detection, PKU causes severe mental retardation |
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Tay-Sachs |
FA buildup in tissues and nerve cells in brain. Recessive. Progressive blindness, paralysis, early death |
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tissue |
group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions. |
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Four Main Types of Tissues |
Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve |
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Epithelium |
specialized tissue that forms epidermis of skin and surface layer of mucous membranes |
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endothelium |
lines blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, organs |
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connective tissue |
support and connect organs and other body tissues |
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dense CT |
bone, cartilage, forms joints and framework of the body |
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adipose tissue |
fat |
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loose connective tissue |
surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels |
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liquid connective tissue |
blood and lymph |
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muscle tissue |
ability to contract and relax |
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nerve tissue |
ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses |
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aplasia |
defective development or absence of an organ or tissue |
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hypoplasia |
incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in number of cells |
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anaplasia |
change in structure of cells and orientation to each other. Characteristic of tumor formation in cancers |
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dsyplasia |
abnormal development of growth of cells |
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hyperplasia |
enlargement of organ or tissue because of abnormal increase in number of cells in tissues |
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hypertrophy |
general increase in bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in size, but not in number, of cells in tissues (NOT due to tumor formation) |
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Gland |
group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions |
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adenitis |
inflammation of a gland |
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adenocarcinoma |
malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue |
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adenoma |
beningn tumor that arises or resembles glandular tissue |
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adenomalacia |
abnormal softening of gland |
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adenosis |
any disease or condition of a gland |
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adenosclerosis |
abnormal hardening of a gland |
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adenectomy |
surgical removal of a gland |
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etiology |
study of causes of diseases |
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communicable disease |
contagious disease; any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects |
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indirect contact transmission |
situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with contaminated surface |
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bloodborne transmission |
Spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fkuids that are contaminated with blood |
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airborne |
respiratory droplets |
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foodborne, waterborne |
fecal-oral transmission |
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Functional disorder |
panic attack ex. no cause identified |
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iatrogenic illness |
unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment |
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idiopathic disorder |
illness without known cause |
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infectious disease |
illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses |
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nosocomial infection |
disease acquired in hospital or clinical setting (MRSA) |
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organic disorder |
symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in body |
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cogenital |
exists at time of birth |
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developmental disorder |
birth malfunction |
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atresia |
congenital absence of normal body opening or failure of structure to be tubular |