Med Term Chapter 11

Front 1

electrolyte

Back 1

mineral salt (sodium, potassium, or calcium) that carries an electrical charge when in solution

Front 2

filtrate

Back 2

fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into Bowman capsule

Front 3

nitrogenous waste

Back 3

product of protein metabolism that include urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia

Front 4

peristaltic wave

Back 4

sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow

Front 5

peritoneum

Back 5

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity

Front 6

pH

Back 6

symbol that expresses the alkalinity or acidity of a solution

Front 7

plasma

Back 7

liquid portion of blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved wastes

Front 8

albumin/o

Back 8

albumin, protein

Front 9

azot/o

Back 9

nitrogenous compounds

Front 10

bacteri/o

Back 10

bacteria

Front 11

cyst/o

Back 11

bladder

Front 12

vesic/o

Back 12

bladder

Front 13

glomerul/o

Back 13

glomerulus

Front 14

kal/i

Back 14

potassium

Front 15

keton/o

Back 15

ketone bodies (acids and acetones)

Front 16

lith/o

Back 16

stone, calculus

Front 17

meat/o

Back 17

opening, meatus

Front 18

nephr/o

Back 18

kidney

Front 19

ren/o

Back 19

kidney

Front 20

noct/o

Back 20

night

Front 21

olig/o

Back 21

scanty

Front 22

py/o

Back 22

pus

Front 23

pyel/o

Back 23

renal pelvis

Front 24

ur/o

Back 24

urine, urinary tract

Front 25

ureter/o

Back 25

ureter

Front 26

urethr/o

Back 26

urethra

Front 27

-genesis

Back 27

forming, producing, origin

Front 28

-iasis

Back 28

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

Front 29

-uria

Back 29

urine

Front 30

dia-

Back 30

through, across

Front 31

anuria

Back 31

absence of urine production or output

Front 32

bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

Back 32

blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

Front 33

cystocele

Back 33

prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman's bladder and vagina

Front 34

dysuria

Back 34

painful or difficult urination, commonly described as a "burning sensation" while urinating

Front 35

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Back 35

any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival

Front 36

enuresis

Back 36

involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence

Front 37

fistula

Back 37

abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another

Front 38

hydronephrosis

Back 38

abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract

Front 39

interstitial cystitis (IC)

Back 39

chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy; also called painful bladder syndrome

Front 40

nephrotic syndrome

Back 40

loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

Front 41

neurogenic bladder

Back 41

impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve conduction

Front 42

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Back 42

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys

Front 43

urgency

Back 43

sensation of the need to void immediately

Front 44

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

Back 44

disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter

Front 45

Wilms tumor

Back 45

rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children

Front 46

dialysis

Back 46

mechanical filtering process used to cleanse the blood of toxic substances, such as nitrogenous wastes, when kidneys fail to function properly

Front 47

hemodialysis

Back 47

type of dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood, filters the blood, and returns the dialyzed (clean) blood to the patient's bloodstream

Front 48

peritoneal dialysis

Back 48

type of dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution

Front 49

Kidney transplant

Back 49

Replacement of a disease kidney with one that is supplied by a compatible donor (usually a family member or a cadaver who has donated the kidney prior to death)

Front 50

nephropexy

Back 50

Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney

Front 51

nephrostomy

Back 51

The passage of a tube through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so

Front 52

Stent placement

Back 52

Insertion of a mesh tube into a natural passage conduit in the body to prevent, or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction

Front 53

Ureteral stent placement

Back 53

Insertion of a thin narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of the urine flow from the kidney

Front 54

urethrotomy

Back 54

Incision of a urethral stricture

Front 55

Electromyography (EMG)

Back 55

Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra

Front 56

Cystoscopy (cysto)

Back 56

Examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps using a specialized endoscope

Front 57

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 57

Determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism

Front 58

Culture & sensitivity (C&S)

Back 58

Determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics

Front 59

Urinalysis (UA)

Back 59

Urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation

Front 60

Ultrasonography (US)

Back 60

High-frequency waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo

Front 61

Bladder ultrasonography

Back 61

US produces images of the bladder to measure pre- and postvoid residual urine, does determining bladder volume and, potentially, identifying incomplete bladder emptying

Front 62

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

Back 62

Imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography (EU)

Front 63

Nuclear scan

Back 63

Technique in which a radiopharmaceutical called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a specialized camera (gamma camera) is used to produce images of organs and structures

Front 64

Renal nuclear scan

Back 64

Nuclear scan of the kidneys used to determine their size, shape, and position

Front 65

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

Back 65

X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging

Front 66

Antibiotics

Back 66

Treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes

Front 67

antispasmodics

Back 67

Decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying the bladder

Front 68

Diuretics

Back 68

Promote and increase increase the excretion of urine

Front 69

Potassium supplements

Back 69

Replace potassium do to depletion caused by diuretics

Front 70

ATN

Back 70

acute tubular necrosis

Front 71

BNO

Back 71

bladder neck obstruction

Front 72

BUN

Back 72

blood urea nitrogen

Front 73

C&S

Back 73

culture and sensitivity

Front 74

cysto

Back 74

cystoscopy

Front 75

EBT

Back 75

external beam therapy

Front 76

EMG

Back 76

electromyogram, electromyography

Front 77

ESRD

Back 77

end-stage renal disease

Front 78

ESWL

Back 78

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Front 79

EU

Back 79

excretory urography

Front 80

IC

Back 80

interstitial cystitis

Front 81

IVP

Back 81

intravenous pyelogram, intravenous pyelography

Front 82

pH

Back 82

symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity

Front 83

PCNL

Back 83

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Front 84

PKD

Back 84

polycystic kidney disease

Front 85

RP

Back 85

retrograde pyelogram, retrograde pyelography

Front 86

TURBT

Back 86

transurethral resection of bladder tumor

Front 87

UA

Back 87

urinalysis

Front 88

US

Back 88

ultrasonography; ultrasound

Front 89

UTI

Back 89

urinary tract infection

Front 90

VCUG

Back 90

voiding cystourethrography

Front 91

VUR

Back 91

vesicoureteral reflux