Med Term Chapter 10

Front 1

appendage

Back 1

any body part attached to a main structure (i.e. arms, legs)

Front 2

articulation

Back 2

place of union between two or more bones; also called a joint

Front 3

cancellous

Back 3

latticelike arrangement of bony plates occurring at the ends of long bones

Front 4

cruciate ligaments

Back 4

ligaments that cross each other, forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles

Front 5

hematopoiesis

Back 5

production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

Front 6

adduction

Back 6

moves closer to the midline

Front 7

abduction

Back 7

moves away from the midline

Front 8

flexion

Back 8

decreases the angle of a joint

Front 9

extension

Back 9

increases the angle of a joint

Front 10

rotation

Back 10

moves a bone around its own axis

Front 11

pronation

Back 11

turns the palm down

Front 12

supination

Back 12

turns the palm up

Front 13

inversion

Back 13

moves the sole of the foot inward

Front 14

eversion

Back 14

moves the sole of the foot outward

Front 15

dorsiflexion

Back 15

elevates the foot

Front 16

plantar flexion

Back 16

lowers the foot (points the toes)

Front 17

ankly/o

Back 17

stiffness; bent, crooked

Front 18

arthr/o

Back 18

joint

Front 19

kyph/o

Back 19

humpback

Front 20

lamin/o

Back 20

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

Front 21

lord/o

Back 21

curve, swayback

Front 22

myel/o

Back 22

bone marrow; spinal cord

Front 23

orth/o

Back 23

straight

Front 24

oste/o

Back 24

bone

Front 25

ped/o

Back 25

foot; child

Front 26

ped/i

Back 26

foot; child

Front 27

svoli/o

Back 27

crooked, bent

Front 28

thorac/o

Back 28

chest

Front 29

acromi/o

Back 29

acromion (projection of the scapula)

Front 30

brachi/o

Back 30

arm

Front 31

calcane/o

Back 31

calcaneum (heel bone)

Front 32

carp/o

Back 32

carpus (wrist bone)

Front 33

cephal/o

Back 33

head

Front 34

cervic/o

Back 34

neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

Front 35

clavicul/o

Back 35

clavicle (collar bone)

Front 36

cost/o

Back 36

ribs

Front 37

crani/o

Back 37

cranium (skull)

Front 38

dactyl/o

Back 38

fingers; toes

Front 39

femor/o

Back 39

femur (thigh bone)

Front 40

fibul/o

Back 40

fibula (smaller bone of the lower leg)

Front 41

humer/o

Back 41

humerus (upper arm bone)

Front 42

ili/o

Back 42

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)

Front 43

ischi/o

Back 43

ischium (lower portion of the hip bone

Front 44

lumb/o

Back 44

loins (lower back)

Front 45

metacarp/o

Back 45

metacarpus (hand bones)

Front 46

metatars/o

Back 46

metatarsus (foot bones)

Front 47

patell/o

Back 47

patella (kneecap)

Front 48

pelv/i

Back 48

pelvis

Front 49

phalang/o

Back 49

phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)

Front 50

pod/o

Back 50

foot

Front 51

pub/o

Back 51

pelvis bone (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

Front 52

radi/o

Back 52

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)

Front 53

spondyl/o

Back 53

vertebrae (backbone)

Front 54

vertebr/o

Back 54

vertebrae (backbone)

Front 55

stern/o

Back 55

sternum (breastbone)

Front 56

tibi/o

Back 56

tibia (larger bone of the lower leg)

Front 57

leiomy/o

Back 57

smooth muscle (visceral)

Front 58

muscul/o

Back 58

muscle

Front 59

my/o

Back 59

muscle

Front 60

rhabd/o

Back 60

rod-shaped (striated)

Front 61

rhabdomy/o

Back 61

rod-shaped (striated) muscle

Front 62

chondr/o

Back 62

cartilage

Front 63

fasci/o

Back 63

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

Front 64

fibr/o

Back 64

fiber, fibrous tissue

Front 65

synov/o

Back 65

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

Front 66

ten/o

Back 66

tendon

Front 67

tend/o

Back 67

tendon

Front 68

tendin/o

Back 68

tendon

Front 69

-asthenia

Back 69

weakness, debility

Front 70

-blast

Back 70

embryonic cell

Front 71

-clasia

Back 71

to break; surgical fracture

Front 72

-clast

Back 72

to break; surgical fracture

Front 73

-desis

Back 73

binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)

Front 74

-malacia

Back 74

softening

Front 75

-physis

Back 75

growth

Front 76

-porosis

Back 76

porous

Front 77

-sarcoma

Back 77

malignant tumor of connective tissue

Front 78

-scopy

Back 78

visual examination

Front 79

a-

Back 79

without, not

Front 80

dys-

Back 80

bad; painful; difficult

Front 81

sub-

Back 81

under, below

Front 82

supra-

Back 82

above; excessive; superior

Front 83

syn-

Back 83

union, together, joined

Front 84

ankylosis

Back 84

stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion

Front 85

bunion (hallux valgus)

Back 85

deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation), which may cause the tissues surrounding the joint to become swollen and tender

Front 86

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Back 86

painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)

Front 87

claudication

Back 87

lameness, limping

Front 88

contracture

Back 88

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

Front 89

crepitation

Back 89

dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indication a fracture or joint destruction

Front 90

exacerbation

Back 90

increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms; also called flare

Front 91

ganglion cyst

Back 91

fluid-filled tumor that most commonly developes along the tendons or joint or the wrist or hands, but may also appear in the feet

Front 92

hemarthrosis

Back 92

effusion of blood into a joint cavity

Front 93

herniated disk

Back 93

rupture of a vertebral disk's center (nucleus pulposus) through its outer edge and back toward the spinal canal with pressure on the adjacent spinal nerve that results in pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs

Front 94

hypotonia

Back 94

loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

Front 95

multiple myeloma

Back 95

malignant tumor of plasma cells (cells that help the body fight infection by producing antibodies) in the bone marrow

Front 96

Phantom limb

Back 96

perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists

Front 97

rickets

Back 97

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis

Front 98

sequestrum

Back 98

fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

Front 99

spondylolisthesis

Back 99

any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it

Front 100

spondylosis

Back 100

degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumber vertebrae and related tissues

Front 101

sprain

Back 101

tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete

Front 102

strain

Back 102

muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch

Front 103

subluxation

Back 103

partial or incomplete dislocation

Front 104

talipes equinovarus

Back 104

congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot

Front 105

electromyography

Back 105

use of electrical stimulation to diagnose the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them (motor neurons)

Front 106

reduction

Back 106

procedure that restores a bone to its normal position

Front 107

closed reduction

Back 107

reduction in which fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery

Front 108

open reduction

Back 108

reduction in which fractured bones are placed in their proper position during surgery

Front 109

bone immobilization

Back 109

procedures used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process

Front 110

casting

Back 110

bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar material

Front 111

splinting

Back 111

bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part

Front 112

traction

Back 112

bone immobilization by application of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture

Front 113

amputation

Back 113

partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or a circulatory disease

Front 114

arthrocentesis

Back 114

puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid

Front 115

arthroclasia

Back 115

surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement

Front 116

arthroscopy

Back 116

visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniature camera that projects images on a monitor

Front 117

bone grafting

Back 117

implantation or transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue

Front 118

bursectomy

Back 118

excision of bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints)

Front 119

laminectomy

Back 119

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

Front 120

prosthesis fitting

Back 120

replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity

Front 121

revision surgery

Back 121

surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn-out prosthesis

Front 122

bone revision surgery

Back 122

revision surgery to correct misalignment of bones, broken prostheses, and bone fractures occurring around the prostheses

Front 123

sequestrectomy

Back 123

excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed tissue)

Front 124

synovectomy

Back 124

excision of a synovial membrane

Front 125

total hip replacement (THR)

Back 125

surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis

Front 126

arthrography

Back 126

series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint

Front 127

bone density test (bone densitometry)

Back 127

noninvasive procedure that uses low-end ry x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and usually measures bones of the spine, hip, and forearm; also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Front 128

discography

Back 128

radiological examination of the invertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium

Front 129

lumbosacral spinal radiography

Back 129

radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine

Front 130

myelography

Back 130

radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tremors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions

Front 131

scintigraphy

Back 131

nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide

Front 132

bone scintigraphy

Back 132

scintigraphy in which the radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone

Front 133

calcium supplements

Back 133

treat and prevent hypocalcemia

Front 134

gold salts

Back 134

treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system

Front 135

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Back 135

decrease pain and suppress inflammation

Front 136

salicylates

Back 136

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation

Front 137

muscle relaxants

Back 137

relieve muscle spasms and stiffness

Front 138

ACL

Back 138

anterior cruciate ligament

Front 139

BE

Back 139

barium enema; below the elbow

Front 140

C1, C2, and so on

Back 140

fist cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, and so on

Front 141

Ca

Back 141

calcium; cancer

Front 142

CDH

Back 142

congenital dislocation of the hip

Front 143

CTS

Back 143

carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 144

DEXA, DXA

Back 144

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Front 145

DJD

Back 145

degenerative joint disease

Front 146

DO

Back 146

doctor of osteophathy

Front 147

EMG

Back 147

electromyography

Front 148

Fx

Back 148

fracture

Front 149

HD

Back 149

hemodialysis; hop disarticulation; hearing distance

Front 150

HNP

Back 150

herniated nucleus pulposus (herniated disk)

Front 151

HP

Back 151

hemipelvectomy

Front 152

IM

Back 152

intramuscular; infectious mononucleosis

Front 153

IS

Back 153

Intracostal space

Front 154

IV

Back 154

intravenous

Front 155

L1, L2, and so on

Back 155

first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, and so on

Front 156

LS

Back 156

lumbosacral spine

Front 157

MG

Back 157

myasthenia gravis

Front 158

MRI

Back 158

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 159

MS

Back 159

musculoskeletal; multiple sclerosis; mental status; mitral stenosis

Front 160

NSAIDs

Back 160

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Front 161

ORTH, ortho

Back 161

orthopedics

Front 162

P

Back 162

phosphorus; pulse

Front 163

PCL

Back 163

posterior cruciate ligament

Front 164

RA

Back 164

rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium

Front 165

RF

Back 165

rheumatoid factor; radio frequency

Front 166

ROM

Back 166

range of motion

Front 167

SD

Back 167

shoulder disarticulation

Front 168

THA

Back 168

total hip arthroplasty

Front 169

THR

Back 169

total hip replacement

Front 170

TKA

Back 170

total knee arthroplasty

Front 171

TKR

Back 171

total knee replacement

Front 172

TRAM

Back 172

transverse rectus abdominis muscle